|
Virus
|
Epidemiological clues
|
Clinical features
|
Key investigations
|
Prevention
|
|
|
Hendra
|
Contact with fruit bats or horses in eastern Australia
or Papua New Guinea
|
Flu-like illness, pneumonia, encephalitis
|
Hendra virus antibodies in serum
|
Avoid contact with fruit bats or sick horses in endemic
areas
|
|
Menangle
|
Contact with stillborn piglets and bats in New South
Wales
|
Flu-like illness, rash
|
Menangle virus antibodies in serum
|
Avoid contact with piglets or fruit bats in endemic
areas
|
|
Nipah
|
Contact with pigs in Malaysia or Singapore
|
Flu-like illness, pneumonia, encephalitis
|
Nipah virus antibodies in serum
|
Avoid contact with pigs in endemic areas
|
|
Australian bat lyssavirus (ABL)
|
Contact with bats in Australia
|
Similar to rabies: acute, progressive neurological
disorder
|
Polymerase chain reaction tests of cerebrospinal fluid ±
lyssavirus antibodies in serum
Examination of bat brain tissue
|
Avoid contact with bats; immunoprophylaxis
|
|
Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE)
|
Residence in northern Australia or Papua New Guinea,
especially during wet season (February to July)
|
Acute febrile illness, encephalitis
|
MVE antibodies in serum
|
Mosquito avoidance measures
|
|
Kunjin
|
Residence in Australia (particularly northern
Australia), especially during wet season (February to July)
|
Acute febrile illness, polyarthralgia, and (rarely)
encephalitis
|
Kunjin antibodies in serum
|
Mosquito avoidance measures
|
|
Japanese encephalitis (JE)
|
Residence in South-East or East Asia, Indian
subcontinent or Torres Strait; exposure to domestic birds and animals,
especially pigs
|
Flu-like illness, encephalitis
|
JE antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid
|
Mosquito avoidance measures; JE vaccine if intend to
travel to endemic areas for longer than 30 days
|
