Text of Overview
Review Game I
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Why did the Puritans want to leave England?
religious
persecution
What religious
movement was focused on getting an emotional response from its audience?
Great Awakening
Why did the
British begin taxing the colonists in 1763?
pay for the
French & Indian (7 yrs.) War
Who did the
southern colonies rely upon for their labor force?
slaves from
Africa
Who was the
primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Which
enlightenment thinker pushed for a three branch government?
Montesquieu
Which
enlightenment thinker was an advocate for the protection of “natural
rights” (life, liberty, property)? Where did they believe these rights
came from?
Locke, GOD
**Which
enlightenment thinker pushed government by the general will?
Rousseau
**What famous
pamphlet in 1776 called for Americans to reject monarchy & support
independence? Who was its author?
Common
Sense, Thomas Paine
What document
set up our nation’s first government but ended up giving too much power
to the states?
Articles of
Confederation
**Name two
weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
no power to tax,
no power to coin money, no executive branch, weak central government
What were the
two main purposes of the Declaration of Independence?
Establish
ideology behind revolution and list grievances vs. King George
How many houses
are their in our Congress? What are their names?
2, the Senate
and the House of Representatives
**What were the
two major compromises made during the drafting of the United States
Constitution?
Great Compromise
(large states: House, small states: Senate), 3/5 Compromise (5 slaves
count for 3 men)
What part of the
government did the Federalists want strengthened in the new
constitution?
the national
(Federal) government, get it…Federalists
What group
pushed hard for the inclusion of the Bill of Rights?
Anti-Federalists
What freedoms
are guaranteed by the First Amendment?
Speech,
religion, press, assembly, petition
Who has the
power to declare laws/acts unconstitutional (aka the power of Judicial
review established in Marbury v. Madison)?
Judicial
Branch/Supreme Court
What was
Hamilton’s (the Federalist) vision for America?
A country based
on manufacturing and a strong central government
What was
Jefferson’s (the Democratic Republican) vision of America?
Agricultural
society, everybody owns land, strong state’s rights
What was the
Monroe Doctrine (issued in 1823)?
don’t mess
around in our hemisphere & we’ll stay out of yours (to Europe)
What is
“Manifest Destiny”?
The belief that
the U.S. would someday control the land from coast to coast.
**What change in
voting requirements allowed the “common man” to support Andrew Jackson
and the new Democratic Party in 1828?
End to the
property requirement for voting
How were the
industries of westward expansion in conflict with the lifestyle of the
Plains NAs?
settled (mining
& farming) vs. nomadic
Why did Mormons
move west to the Utah territory?
To escape
religious persecution
What was
Lincoln’s main purpose at the start of the fighting in the Civil War?
preserving the
Union
What happened to
the Southern industrial and agricultural production facilities during
the war?
They were almost
totally wiped out
What was the
purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Free the slaves
in rebel states
**In what speech
did Lincoln call for a “new birth of freedom” and identify the new
goals of the war?
Gettysburg
Address
What did the
Civil War Amendments (13, 14, 15) do?
Made slavery
illegal (13), extends civil rights to all races (14), voting rights for
all males (15)
Name 2 things
that kept freedmen from gaining true equality.
sharecropping,
KKK, black codes, racist attitudes, poverty
Name 2 ways
Southern states kept freedmen from voting.
poll taxes,
literacy tests, threats & violence
What was the
major demographic shift after the Civil War?
urbanization
(shift from country to city)
What inventions
helped fuel the growth of cities?
telephone,
electric light, use of steel in construction, electric street car
**Give 3
examples of poor working and living conditions in the new industrial
cities.
heat/cold,
unsafe machines, long hours, low wages, overcrowding, crime and disease
Describe 2 ways
that districts or neighborhoods developed in these new cities?
by industry,
wealth, racial or ethnic group
What
religious movement of the late 1800’s created a desire by Christians to
save their souls by reforming society and by helping the less fortunate?
The Second Great
Awakening
What was the
goal of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony at the Seneca Falls
Convention in 1846?
Women’s rights
including suffrage (the right to vote)
What famous book
(and author) exposed the horrors of these conditions, especially in
Chicago’s meat packing industry?
The Jungle by
Upton Sinclair
How did workers
eventually respond to these poor conditions?
formed unions
What was the
first national labor organization? Who did they try and organize?
Knights of
Labor, all workers
**What type of
worker did the American Federation of Labor (AFL) try to organize? Who
was their first leader?
skilled white
male workers, Samuel Gompers
What is laissez
faire economics?
a system with
little or no government control or interference with business/trade
Why were new
immigrants subjected to so much discrimination?
different
languages, religions (Roman Catholic, Jewish), complexions, cultural
differences
How did the
Americanization Movement attempt to help immigrants succeed?
education in the
“American” way of life, including public schools, Protestant religion,
hygiene, English language
What did
political machines offer to immigrants in order to get their votes?
help with
housing, finding a job, etc.
Identify two
problems political machines caused for their constituents.
corruption,
voting fraud, bribery, graft
What do you call
a group of corporations controlled by the same board for common
interest?
trust
What type of
government economic policy did the business leaders of the late 1800’s
want?
Laissez-Faire
What theory
favored by William Graham Sumner used ideas about evolution to explain
differences between the rich and the poor?
Social Darwinism
What theory used
biblical ideas to justify gaining wealth (as long as it was shared to
help society)?
The Social Gospel
What development
in transportation linked trade between cities after the Civil War?
Railroads
What kind of
person was likely to be a populist? Where were they likely to
live?
farmer, Midwest
Name 2 demands
of the populists.
silver-backed
currency, higher crop prices, a nat’l bank to give fair loans,
regulation of the RRs