The Stuarts
- James I (Divine Right, Debt, impositions, Puritans, out of 30)
- Charles I (1/4, ship money, disband par., thorough, pro-RC)
- Laud & Scots
- Short Par & Long ParÔ
Rump (Croms)
- growing wealth of MC in Commons
- Pars Probs: Petition of Right, Grand Remonstrance
English Civil War
- COE vs. Puritans, Par. vs. Mon.
- Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (New Model Army)
- Charles is defeated 1646, rallies with Scots, defeated again, executed
- Royalists Ô
France, resist w/ Chas II
- Cromwell’s Lord Protector
- Unites Eng, Scot. & Ireland
Restoration
- Charles II, return to fun
- Clarendon Code & Test Act vs. non-Anglican evils
- Navigation Acts & Anglo-Dutch Wars
- Whigs & Tories
- James II the absolutist bozo
Glorious Revolution of 1688
- William III & Mary
- Constitutional Monarchy ( B of R: reg elections, not subject to monarch, etc.)
- Cooperation with Par. gives them strong base
Absolute France
- Henry IV & Sully build base
- Louis XIII & Richelieu (centralization, elimination of opposition)
- Louis XIV & Mazarin, Fronde
Louis XIV
- propaganda, army, Versailles
- bureaucracy of unimportants (intendants)
- suck up central
- no EG, control Church
- Revoke Edict, oppose Jansenists
- starts
Wars of Louis XIV
- Devolution (Span Neth.
- Dutch War (
- 9 Yrs War ( L of A, goes East)
- Spanish Succession (vs. Haps heir)
- Utrecht (Louis gets Spain, Austria gets turf)
Fading Powers (1686-1740)
- Spain (expensive wars, lack of exports, political disunity, bullion fades)
- Netherlands (jealousy, trade vs. settlement, political disunity, overextended)
- France (starting to fade, big debt, wars, lamo Louis XV)
Flickering Powers
- Poland (feuding nobility, others crave)
- Sweden (rise but then squashed by Charles XII)
Emerging Powers
- Austria (focus of Haps after 30, unify Magyars, Slavs, Italians; pragmatic sanction)
- Prussia (Great Elector, Military & Bur., Junkers)
- Russia (westernized by Peter, Boyars & Strelts, outside experts, exerts control)
GB Under Walpole
- Whigs (H) Tories (S)
- prosperity, peace & patronage
- Walpole 1st PM after South Sea
- Cabinet System
Scientific Revolution
- Copernicus (challenger to Ptolemy)
- Brahe (publicity & observations)
- Kepler (C+B, elliptical)
- Galileo (tele, shift to math & reason, answers objections)
- Newton (universal grav., whole new world)
New Philosophy
- Bacon (now, prog. & science, empiricism)
- Descartes (deductive, mod. philosophy, absolute truth)
- Pascal (leap, God is rational)
17th Cent. Political Thought
- Hobbes (Lev., evil, social cont., anarchy)
- Locke (Nat. Rights, blank slate, freedom)
Philosophes
- salons, pamphlets, bourg.
- Montesquieu (3 branch, no one set of laws)
- Voltaire (free speech, crit. of France, bigotry, superstition)
- Rousseau (spheres, will, contract)
- Encyclopedia (worldly knowledge)
Major Tenets of Enlight/Phil:
- progress+new environment & change
- reason reforms ills, mock old
- deism
- laws for society can be found through sci. method
- humanitarianism will remove inhuman practices & institutions
- material improvement=moral improvement
Ancien Regime (pre 1789)
- Nobility (rights & priviliges, vary)
- Bourgeoisie (professional mc)
- Urban Workers (guild members on down)
- Peasants (largest group)
- Families (vary, economic unit)
- Everything that follows is a threat
Ag. Rev.
- demand for change (pop. & prices)
- enclosure
- new crop rotation
- iron plow, seed drill
- new crops
Ind Rev. (early)
- GB leads
- flying shuttle, spinning jenny
- water frame (out of home)
- steam engine (factory)
New Cities of 18th Century
- semi-industrial
- hubs, ports
- wealth & splendor to blight
- not ready for influx
- riots
18th Cent. Wars
- Jenkins Ear
- Austrian Succession
- Diplomatic Rev.
- Seven Years War
Mercantilism
- main goal is accumulation of bullion
- response to fall of Spain
- trade empires of 1600-1750
- protectionist- tariffs, shipping regulations, subsidies for national industries
- Smith is in response