Liberalism
F. A. Hayek
Written in 1973 for the Italian Enciclopedia del Novicento where the
article appeared in an Italian translation.
Reprinted as Chapter Nine of Hayek, F. A., New Studies in Philosophy,
Politics, Economics and the History of
Ideas, Routledge & Keagan Paul, London and Henley, 1982 [1978], pp.
119-151 ORDER THIS BOOK
The best accounts of the liberal movement will
be found in some of the histories of the major European countries during the
nineteenth century, such as 9. Halévy, Histoire
du peuple anglais au XIX siécle, 6 vols,
Paris, 1912‑32, trans. as History of the English
People, London, 1926, etc.; and F. Schnabel, Deutsche
Geschichte im Neunzehnten Jahrhundert, vol. 11, Freiburg, 1933. The
fullest survey of the development of the ideals of liberalism is [149] G.
de. Ruggiero, Storia dos liberalismo
europea, Bari 1925 trans. by R. G. Collingwood as The History of European Liberalism, Oxford 1927, which contains an
extensive bibliography to which reference must be made for all the works of an
earlier date, including the classical works of the founders of modern
liberalism. The following list gives in chronological order the more important
works of later date dealing with the history of liberal ideas and movements and
the present state of liberal doctrine.
Martin, B. Kingsley, 1926, French Liberal Thought in the Eighteenth Century, London; new ed.
1954
Mises, L. von, 1927, Liberalismus, Jena. Croce, B., 1931, Etica e Politica, Bari.
Laski, H., 193 1, The Rise of European Liberalism, London.
Pohlenz, M., 1935, Die griechische Freiheit, Heidelberg; trans. as The Idea of Freedom in Greek Life and
Thought, Dordrecht, 1963
Lippmann, W., 1937, An Inquiry into the Principles of the Good Society, Boston and
London.
Sabine, G. H., 1937, A History of Political Theory, New York.
McIlwain, C. H., 1939, Constitutionalism and the Changing World, New York.
Hallowell, J. H., 1943, The Decline of Liberalism as an Ideology, Berkeley, Calif.
Slesser, H., 1943, A History of the Liberal Party, London. Roepke, W., 1944, Civitas Humana, Zurich.
Diez del Corral, L., 1945, El Liberalismo doctrinario, Madrid.
Popper, K. R., 1945, The Open Society and Its Enemies, London.
Rustow, A., 1945, Das Versagen des Wirtschaftsliberalismus als religionssoziologisches
Problem, Zurich.
Federici, F., 1946, Der deutsche Liberalismus, Zurich
Watkins, F., 1948, The Political Tradition of the West, Cambridge, Mass. Wormuth, F.
D., 1949, The Origin of Modern
Constitutionalism, New York. Polanyi, M., 1 95 1, The Logic of Liberty, London.
Eucken, W., 1952, Grundsatze der Wirtschaftspolitik, Tubingen.
Robbins, L. C., 1952, The Theory of Economic Policy in English Classical Political Economy, London.
Talmon, J. L., 1952, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy, London. Cranston, M., 1953, Freedom, London.
Lubtow, U. von, 1953, Blute und Verfall der romischen Freiheit, Berlin. Neill, T. P.,
1953, Rise and Decline of Liberalism, Milwaukee,
Wis.
Thomas, R. H., 1953, Liberalism, Nationalism and the German Intellectuals, Chester
Springs, Pa.
Mayer‑Maly, T., 1954, 'Rechtsgeschichte
der Freiheitsidee in Antike und Mittelalter', Osterreichische Zeitschrift fur offentliches Recht, N.F.V1.
Hartz, L., 1955, The Liberal Tradition in America, New York.
[150]
Bullock, A., and Shock, M., 1956, The Liberal Traditionf rom Fox to Keynes, London.
Wirszubski, C., 1956, Libertas as a Political Ideal at Rome, Cambridge. Feuer, L. S.,
1958, Spinoza and the Rise of Liberalism,
Boston.
Grifò G., 1958, 'Su alcuni aspetti della. libertà in Roma', Archivoi Giuridico 'Filippo Serafini', 6 serie XXIII.
Grampp, W. D., 1960, The Manchester School of Economics, Stanford, Calif. Hayek, F. A.,
1960 The Constitution of Liberty, London
and Chicago.
Friedmann, M., 1962, Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago.
Macpherson, C. B., 1962, The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, Oxford.
Girvetz, H. K., 1963, The Evolution of Liberalism, New York.
Schapiro, J. S., 1963, Condorcet and the Rise of Liberalism, New York.
Wheeler, 1963, The Rise and Fall of Liberal Democracy, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Grampp, W. D., 1965, Economic Liberalism, New York.
Bohm, F., 1966, 'Privatrechtsgesellschaft und
Marktwirtschaft', in Ordo, XVII.
Lucas, J. R., 1966 Principles of Politics, Oxford.
Vincent, John, 1966, The Formation of the Liberal Party 1857‑1868, London.
Selinger, M., 1968, The Liberal Politics
of John Locke, London.
Cumming, R. D., 1971, Human Nature and History, a Study of the Development of Liberal
Thought, Chicago.
Douglas, R., 1971, The History of the Liberal Party 1890‑1970 London.
Hamer, D. A., 1972, Liberal Politics in the Age of Gladstone and Rosebery, Oxford.
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