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Interesting
Personalities of British Demonology
The
history of British witchcraft has been written by C. L'Estrange
Ewen, Christina Hole, and many others. From the mass of
colorful characters some are mentioned below:
| Agnes,
wife of Ode |
freed
(1209) after passing the red-hot-iron test for witchcraft.
She carried a red-hot bar of iron and was not seared. |
| Sir
James Altham |
one
of the judges who condemned 19 witches at a stroke at
Assizes at the Castle of Lancaster, August 1612. |
| Roger
Bacon |
(1214-1294)
was scientist and occultist. He was confined by his
Franciscan order 1257-1267 and 1278-1292 for magic and
heresy. Centuries later he was still so alive in folklore
that one of the University wits of Shakespeare's time
(Robert Greene) put him on the stage in Friar Bacon
and Friar Bungay. He introduced the Arab gown Academe. |
| Agnes
Browne, Mary Barber, Johan Vaughn, Helen Jenkenson and
Arthur Bill |
all
executed at Northampton in July 1612 as 'the Northamptonshire
Witches.' |
| Jane
Clarke of Wigston (Leicestershire) and her son &
daughter |
were
'swum' for witchcraft in Leicester in 1717, but the
grand jury threw out the indictment that followed the
25 witnesses ready to testify. |
| Eleanor
Cobham, Duchess of Glouchester |
(d.
1446?), was accused of treason and being his accomplice
in black magic by one Roger Bolingbroke and was imprisoned
for about the last 5 years of her life. |
| Margaret
Cooper of Somerset |
(1594)
was dispossessed of a demon in the form of a bear with
no head. |
| Nathaniel
Crouch |
(1632-1728)
wrote The Kingdom of Darkness (1688) under a
pseudonym, dealing with demons and witches. |
| John
Darrel |
(fl.
1562-1602) was an unpopular exorcist who caused the
Anglican Church to forbid exorcism
under Cannon 72 (1603). |
| Annis
Dell and her son George Dell |
were
executed at Hartford on 4 August 1606 for 'cruel and
bloody murder' by witchcraft of 'a childe called Anthony
James.' |
| Joyce
Devey |
was
'possest with the devill' at Bewdley, near Worcester,
in 1647. |
| Giles
Fenderlyn |
confessed
to having 'made a covenant with the devil for 14 years'
and he 'afterwards killed his wife,' London circa 1652. |
| Sir
Robert Fillmer |
(d.
1653) introduced some sense into witchhunts with his
Warning to English Judges concerning Sorceresses.
A lawyer and shrewd politician, he found the flaws in
the 'proofs' of William Perkins. |
| Alice
Goodrich |
died
in prison at Derby after she was falsely accused by
a boy called Thomas Darling of being a witch. Samuel
Harsnett discussed the fraud in a book (1603). Shakespeare
consulted the book for names of demons in King Lear.
|
| John
Hammond |
published
A most Certain Strange and True Discovery of a Witch,
Being Overtaken by Some of the Parliament Forces
(1643). She was shot by a soldier who saw her surfing
on the river at Newbury, using a 'plank.' |
| Archbishop
Samuel Harsnett |
(1561-1631)
studied the exorcisms of John Darrel and wrote an exposé
of him (1509) and A Declaration of Egregious Popish
Impostures on the subject of freeing people of bewitchments
(1603). |
| Mary
Hicks and her daughter Elizabeth Hicks (aged 9) |
were
executed for witchcraft at Huntingdon, July 1716. Executing
children was rare. |
| Bishop
Francis Hutchinson |
(1660-1739)
wrote An Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft
(1718) which introduced more responsible methods into
witchcraft inquiries. |
| Abraham
Joiner |
a
teenager living in Shadwell who, having spent all his
money on a woman, said he didn't know where he could
get any more unless The Devil gave him some, The Devil
appeared and did, etc. (1721). |
| Alice
Kyteler |
was
accused (1324) by an Irish bishop, Richard of Ledrede,
of witchcraft, murder of 3 husbands, and sex with demons,
but she escaped to England. Several of her accomplices
were caught and punished in Ireland. |
| John
Lamb |
(d.
1628), an astrologer and suspected of dealing with demons,
was killed by a mob which identified him as 'the Duke
(of Buckingham's) Devil.' |
| Andrew
Mackie of Ring Croft, Stocking, Scotland |
had
a house with 'an apparition, expressions and actings,
of a spirit' haunting it (1696). |
| Mary,
Queen of Scots |
(1542-1587)
did not, as was rumored, agree to supporters' attempting
to kill her rival Elizabeth by witchcraft. Indeed, Mary
made witchcraft a capital offense in Scotland (1563,
repealed 1736). Her son was a strong opponent of witchcraft
(James VI of Scotland, James I of the United Kingdom). |
| Merlin
of the Matter of Britain |
was
the legendary magician of the King
Arthur stories. Wales recognizes two Merlins, Myrddin
Emrys (Merlin Ambrosius, who persuaded Aurelius
to bring Stonehenge
from Ireland and used magic to effect that) and Myrddin
Wyllt (Merlin Silvester, who after the Battle of
Aderydd in 573 AD retired to the woods). |
| Patrick
Morton |
a
boy who lied about witchcraft as Pittenween in Scotland,
and 3 people died before he confessed. Beatrice Laing,
whom he identified as bewitching him, was released. |
| The
Osbornes, husband and wife of Tring |
were
lynched by the mob that accused them of witchcraft (1751). |
| William
Perkins |
(1555-1602),
Puritan divine, author of a Discourse of the Damned
Art of Witchcraft (1608) discussing The Devil's
Mark, deals with demons, proofs of witchcraft, etc.
Considered authoritative in his time. |
| Joan
Peterson |
was
tried for poisoning Lady Powel(l) at Chelsea and for
witchcraft (1652). |
| Michael
Scott |
(1175?-1234?),
whose supposed descendant Sir Walter Scott also wrote
about witchcraft, served royal personages as physician
and magician on The Continent. He was credited with
a demon horse, a demon ship, and various miracles. He
was astrologer, alchemist, scholar of Aristotle and
Avicenna, medical expert, much more. |
| Jane
Wenham |
'the
Wise Woman of Wakerene,' was exonerated in Hertfordshire
in what has often been said to be the last witchcraft
trial in England (1712). |
| Christina
Wilson |
was
convicted and executed as a witch (Dailkeith, 1551)
when she failed a crucial test: When she touched a corpse,
it bled, proving her guilt as a witch. |
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