The history of the English Crown
up to the Union of the Crowns in 1603 is long
and varied. The concept of a single ruler
unifying different tribes based in England
developed in the eighth and ninth centuries in
figures such as Offa and Alfred the Great, who
began to create centralised systems of
government. Following the Norman Conquest, the
machinery of government developed further,
producing long-lived national institutions
including Parliament.
The Middle Ages saw several
fierce contests for the Crown, culminating in
the Wars of the Roses, which lasted for nearly a
century. The conflict was finally ended with the
advent of the Tudors, the dynasty which produced
some of England's most successful rulers and a
flourishing cultural Renaissance. The end of the
Tudor line with the death of the 'Virgin Queen'
in 1603 brought about the Union of the Crowns
with Scotland.
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