Classics
The URL internet address of this Classics page
is:
https://www.angelfire.com/planet/jo/Classics.html
as mentioned on sites and pages:
TRANSLATION
MULTILINGUAL MULTILINGUAL main
links Multilingual Computing
Other European Interpreters, Translators, and Language People - many links
Low
and normal speed SPECIAL4u High Speed SPECIAL4u
Classics
By Pierre Andre THIBAULT, in Copenhagen, Denmark, 2004, 2005, 2006,
with Copyrights
for the copied, printed, or reproduced texts,
articles,
images, icons, pictures, maps, photos, videos, MOBILE films,
URL, internet-IP addresses, and links,
as mentioned above and below.
For a more sophisticated design of the Special4u
sites and pages, click here
Classic
and European Languages
Many of the references mentioned below are
directly transcribed
from Wikipedia.
Knowing somewhat of the
grounds of these 3 languages and of their
combination and “inter-penetration”
will give you many keys to most
Westen European modern
languages.
Old High German Althochdeutsch
Old Low German Old Saxon Altniederdeutsche
Sprache Altsächsische Sprache
North Germanic Scandinavian Old Norse Proto Norse Proto Germanic
with Maps
But it is not enough. For getting
an idea of the complexity and mixture of the
European and other languages,
see for example:
Lists of English words
of international origin
In
fact, many very usual English words are not European at all:
Orange has a very interesting etymology:
Orange derives from Sanskrit nāraṅgaḥ "orange tree", with borrowings through Persian
nārang, Arabic
nāranj, Spanish naranja, Late Latin
arangia, Italian arancia or arancio, and
Old French orenge, in chronological order. The
first appearance in English dates from
the 14th
century. The name of the color is derived from the fruit, first appearing
in this
sense in the 16th
century.Multiple sources conjecture that the Sanskrit word itself derives
from an unknown Dravidian source, based on the historical
spread of oranges through the
world (cf. Tamil 'nram', Tulu 'nregi').There is
disagreement as to whether the Old French
borrowed the Italian
melarancio (with mela "fruit", i.e. melarancio
"fruit of the orange tree")
as pume orenge (with pume
"fruit") (deMause, 1998), or whether it borrowed Arabic
nāranj, with no intermediate
step (AHD, 2000). In any case, the initial n was lost before the
word entered English.The French shift from arenge
to orenge may have been influenced
by the French word or (gold) -in reference to
the color of oranges — or by the name of
Orange,
France, a major distribution point of oranges to northern regions.
The name of the village did not derive from the
word: in Old
Provençal, it was known as
Aurenja, with the initial sound later
shifting (McPhee, 1975) (the original Roman name
of the village was Arausio and came from a Celtic water god).
The village name and fruit
name thus converged coincidentally, one becoming
associated with the other.
Later, the sovereign principality
of Orange was the property of the House of Orange
(later House of Orange-Nassau), which adopted both
fruit and color (already associated
with the principality) as its symbols. Many things
were in turn named after this royal House,
which is the present ruling monarchy of the
Netherlands.In
modern Dutch, however, the fruit
is known as Sinaasappel or Appelsien
(both derived from "Chinese apples"), and words
similar to Appelsien are found in a number
of Germanic,
Slavic,
and Ural-Altaic
languages.
A few other Slavic languages use words derived from
Latin "Pomus aurantium", which
similarly meant "Golden apples" -- as did
the Ancient Greek term, Chrisomilia. Modern
Greek, and many languages of the Middle East --
from Ethiopia to Azerbaijan to Romania
use words derived from the country name
"Portugal", at one time the major source of
imported oranges in the Middle East. See this
comprehensive
discussion about the etymology of the word "Orange" in various
languages.
This text above about “orange” is
directly copied from the Wikipedia
page at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_%28word%29
Read more about it!
Dravidian Etymological
Dictionary for those who want to go real far out!
Indo
European Languages at Yahoo
Digital South Asia Library for much stuff
about South Asian languages.
http://www.crystalinks.com/sumerlanguage.html
Sumerian
Language
Sumerian
Language at Wikipedia
Sumer
at http://i-cias.com with Maps
Mesopotamia with a Map of Assyria Akkad and Sumer
at http://i-cias.com
Code of Hammurabi at Wikipedia LEX TALIONIS
at Wikipedia
http://library.thinkquest.org/10805/index.html
Excellent short presentation of
Ancient Mediterranean History,
EGYPT, GREECE, ROME, with MAPS too, by clever students!
http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=ancient+greece&ei=UTF-8&fr=fp-tab-web-t&n=20&fl=0&x=wrt
Ancient Greece on
Yahoo
Basque Language at Wikipedia
Origin
of Language at Yahoo
Origin of
Language at Google
Origin of Language
at Wikipedia
At least one gene, FOXP2, is
claimed to be involved with
the development of language at Wikipedia
Origin
of Language at Dmoz
Origine du langage sur CogniSud
Le Langage sur Philonnet (Surtout niveau Bac)
Le Langage
sur Philocours (Surtout niveau Philo)
FERDINAND de SAUSSURE at Wikipedia
SPOKEN LANGUAGE and the
INVENTION OF WRITING by KK Clarke
http://members.authorsguild.net/ken1924/imagelib/Newguinea2.jpg
Picture by KK
Clarke
http://members.authorsguild.net/ken1924/imagelib/Newguinea5men.jpg
Picture by KK
Clarke
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/fipa/prog/2002_fipatel/fip_02207.htm
by Stephane BRETON,
Ethnologist
Euro MAN Euro VENUS Present
and Future EUROPE
http://www.percepp.demon.co.uk/semiosis.htm
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/barthes.htm
Was
the hen or the egg first at Yahoo
Chicken or
egg fisrt at Google
The chicken or the
egg at Wikipedia
chocolate, tomato,
avocado,
are Nahuati
coca cocaine potato (from papa via patata) are from Quechuan
origin
sorbet
is Urdu through Turkish
kiosk is derived from
Persian Kushk. It is called Kosk
in Turkish. It is
an important
element in the Ottoman
Empire, and in Istanbul there can be seen many kiosks.
Also there can be seen
influences in the european gardens (Quote from Wiki).
silk, tycoon,
typhoon
are Chinese
wiki is Hawaiian
for "fast"; used in "Wikipedia"
borough, cider,
camel, sack...
are Semitic
through Hebrew
mango
is Tamil through Malay and Portuguese
caddy, compound
(enclosed group of buildings) are Malay
algorithm variant of algorism
influnced by the word arithmetic
(<Middle
English < Old French < Latin < Greek)
from the Persian or Farsi language only, we have for example:
absinthe, arsenic, aubergine, azure, bazaar, bronze, carafe, caravan,
caviar, chador, check, chess, divan, guitar, jackal, jasmine, khaki, kiosk,
lemon, lilac, magic, mogul, mummy, musk, must,
naphta, narcissus,
orange (see
article above), pagoda, pajamas, paradise, peach, reach,
roc, rose, Roxana, saffron, scarlet, seraglio, shawl, sherry,
sitar,
spinach, -stan, talc, tambourine, tapestry, tiger, toque, tulip, turban,
typhoon, zircon... are of Persian or Farsi origin.
See more
at: Lists of English words
of international origin
Want to know more about languages?
See Linguistics in English and in about 78 other
languages at Wikipedia:
Linguistique in French for
example
Lire cet article:
“De nouveaux
systèmes de traduction pour surmonter la barrière de la langue”
Linguistics
at Yahoo
Linguistics
at Dmoz
Some info and links about studying and learning
classics in different
countries:
http://www.ac-versailles.fr/pedagogi/Lettres/classics.htm#c7
http://www.resources-for-classics.co.uk
http://www.humbul.ac.uk/classics
http://lilt.ilstu.edu/drjclassics/links.htm
http://www.uky.edu/AS/Classics/welcome.html
http://www.ac-versailles.fr/default.asp
http://www.ac-versailles.fr/pedagogi/Lettres/classics.htm
http://www.cafepedagogique.net/disci/languesanc/60.php
http://www.epi.asso.fr/revue/83/b83p199.htm
MULTILINGUAL main
links Multilingual Computing
Other European Interpreters, Translators, and Language People - many links
For a more sophisticated design of the Special4u
sites and pages, click here
Anything from this site may be copied and used freely if intended for
education,
study, research, public, or private information, or other non-commercial and
non-political uses.
Stop unwanted pop-ups, ads, pornography, gambling, and other disturbing
messages, by using Firewall, Antivirus, Pop-up
Blocker, Microsoft
Security,
and other Protection programs.
Copyrights
© PAT 2004, 2005, 2006.
Site Owners PAT PAT Hobby Art by PAT “Click me, I can
design”
Special4u Sitemap More about the Special4u site
The URL internet address of this Classics page
is:
https://www.angelfire.com/planet/jo/Classics.html
Back
to: TRANSLATION
MULTILINGUAL MULTILINGUAL main
links Multilingual Computing
Other European Interpreters, Translators, and Language People - many links
Low
and normal speed SPECIAL4u High Speed SPECIAL4u
