Space, in general usage, that which is characterized by the property of extension; in astronomy, the region beyond the Earth's atmosphere or beyond the solar system: outer space. Space was regarded for many thousands of years as having three dimensions: left and right, up and down, and forward and back. This kind of space, which is measurable according to the rules of Euclidean geometry, is entirely consistent with everyday experience and with all forms of ordinary measurement of size and distance. Modern investigations in mathematics, physics, and astronomy, however, have indicated that space and time are actually parts of the same continuum, which scientists refer to as space-time or the space-time continuum.

Technology, on the other hand, has the goal of creating and improving artefacts and systems to satisfy human wants or aspirations. Success is judged in termsof considerations such as efficiency of performance, reliability, durability, cost of production, ecological impact, and end-of-life disposability. It has sometimes been said that whereas the output from science is a published paper for all to read and criticize, that from technology is a patent conferring soleownership of the invention on the holder.
For many centuries technological advances of great significance were made without benefit of knowledge from science. The notable achievements of Asiantechnology by the end of the first millennium AD in fields such as iron production, printing, and hydraulic engineering, including dams, canals, and irrigation systems, are well documented. In southern Asia, at a later period, the high quality of Indian textile products, especially painted and printedcotton goods, set standards which were an incentive to technological developments in Britain.