MAIL-IT REQUESTED: JANUARY 27, 2000 10580X CLIENT: PAUL LIBRARY: NEWS FILE: ALLNWS YOUR SEARCH REQUEST AT THE TIME THIS MAIL-IT WAS REQUESTED: FRANCE KOSOVARS NUMBER OF STORIES FOUND WITH YOUR REQUEST THROUGH: LEVEL 1... 13 LEVEL 1 PRINTED DISPLAY FORMAT: FULL SEND TO: WEBSTER LIBRARY, # 1 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 7141 SHERBROOKE STREET WEST MONTREAL, QUEBEC CANADA H4B 1R6 **********************************03025********************************** PAGE 1 LEVEL 1 - 1 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse September 02, 1999 14:07 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 69 words HEADLINE: Kosovo Liberation Army chief expected in Paris DATELINE: PARIS, Sept 2 BODY: The head of the Kosovo Liberation Army, Hashim Thaci, was expected in Paris Thursday for a working dinner with foreign ministry officials, ministry spokesman Francois Rivasseau said. He added that Thaci, who last visited Paris in May, would meet on Friday with Defense Minister Alain Richard. "His visit is part of a continuous dialogue between France and the Kosovar leadership," Rivasseau said. az/jz/ml LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: September 02, 1999 PAGE 2 LEVEL 1 - 2 OF 13 STORIES Content and programming copyright 1999 Cable News Network Transcribed under license by Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. Formatting copyright 1999 Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to Cable News Network. This transcript may not be copied or resold in any media. CNN SHOW: CNN NEWSROOM 04:30 am ET June 21, 1999; Monday 4:30 am Eastern Time Transcript # 99062100V05 TYPE: SHOW SECTION: News; International LENGTH: 1178 words HEADLINE: NEWSROOM for June 21, 1999 BYLINE: Tony Frassrand, Cassandra Henderson, Andy Jordan, Christiane Amanpour HIGHLIGHT: First, a history of the conflict in Kosovo. Then, a look at how Albanian families survived the horrors of war in the mountains of Kosovo. BODY: THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. TONY FRASSRAND, CO-HOST: We're back in full swing. I'm Tony. CASSANDRA HENDERSON, CO-HOST: And I'm Cassandra. On the show today: it's a bug's life. We have creatures and critters, big and small. FRASSRAND: But, we start in Kosovo where life away from home is a lesson in survival. We'll "Chronicle" the ethnic Albanian life in hiding where surviving demands 18 people sleeping in a tent this big. We also mark the official end of the NATO bombing campaign. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) UNIDENTIFIED MALE: With the exception of a few stragglers, all Yugoslav uniformed forces have now withdrawn from Kosovo. (END VIDEO CLIP) PAGE 3 CNN NEWSROOM, June 21, 1999 HENDERSON: In "Environment Desk": meet the Australian weevil and see it wobble its way to an American buffet. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) UNIDENTIFIED MALE: They're happy here. There's so much food they don't know what to do with it all. (END VIDEO CLIP) FRASSRAND: Our multi-cultural menagerie gets bigger in "Worldview" with the Indian tiger, a bear in Belgrade and the Chinese panda. And in North America, we track the showdown between man and toad. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) UNIDENTIFIED MALE: How do I feel about them? I feel like squashing them. But, I can see they need their area, but we still need our area. (END VIDEO CLIP) HENDERSON: Now more than ever, getting into college is an exercise in diligence. We'll "Chronicle" the growing trend of rejection letters. We have another milestone to report today in Kosovo: NATO airstrikes have officially ended and Yugoslav troops have cleared out of the Yugoslav province. Still, the flow of refugees back into their homeland continues as world leaders look to the future for Kosovars. The post war picture still is taking shape, as the region tries to make a transition from war to peace. In Cologne, Germany, leaders of the world's leading industrialized nations, and Russia, held their annual meeting over the weekend and Kosovo came up. They promised to provide financial aid to rebuild the province after the strikes. As they met, NATO announced all Yugoslav forces had left Kosovo, with the exception of a few stragglers. That's in keeping with the plan to end the ethnic strife in the province. We get more on the history of the conflict from NEWSROOM's Andy Jordan. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) ANDY JORDAN, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): In 1974, Kosovo is granted autonomous status within the Yugoslav republic of Serbia. But in 1989 then Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic takes away that autonomy, claiming the land as sacred to Serbia. In 1990, Yugoslavia sends in troops and dissolves Kosovo's government, beginning the armed standoff between separatists in Kosovo and the Yugoslav government. Only after NATO authorizes airstrikes in October of last year does Yugoslav President Milosevic agree to troop withdrawal. But fighting drags on: a massacre of 45 ethnic Albanians outside Racak in January of this year renews international peace efforts. The following month, both sides come together in Rambouillet, France. Kosovars sign a deal but Serbs call it a non-plan and refuse to agree. PAGE 4 CNN NEWSROOM, June 21, 1999 On March 23rd, NATO authorizes the airstrike campaign known as Operation Allied Force: Yugoslavia declares a state of emergency, its first since World War II. As the bombing begins so does the exodus of refugees. They flee to neighboring Macedonia, Albania, and the Yugoslav Republic of Montenegro, telling stories of door-to-door raids and atrocities at the hands of Serb soldiers. NATO strikes continue, some of which hit civilians and ethnic Albanian refugees. Then last month, Russia, which is opposed to the bombing campaign, drafts a peace plan with Western powers. But the Yugoslav president balks at the demand that NATO troops be part of an international peacekeeping force. By June 2nd, Russian and European negotiators agree on a final peace plan which the Serbian parliament agrees to. But talks later break down on the exact timetable for Yugoslav troop withdrawal from Kosovo and Yugoslavia demands there be a United Nations resolution before that happens. When the G-8 group of industrialized democracies and Russia come up with a proposed U.N. statement, talks between NATO and Yugoslav generals resume, and for the first time, Yugoslav military sign an accord. When Yugoslav troops start to pull out, NATO suspends air strikes June 10th. And on Sunday, NATO confirms all Yugoslav troops have left Kosovo, 12 hours ahead of the deadline and the NATO airstrikes officially end. Refugees pour back in, many ignoring NATO warnings to wait until Kosovo is secure. As they come back, Serb civilians flee, fearing reprisal and action by the Kosovo Liberation Army. NATO eventually works out a disarmament agreement with the KLA. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: You are not allowed to wear any military emblems whatsoever. JORDAN: Many refugees return to Kosovo, only to find their homes destroyed and loved ones either missing or killed. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: As Kosovars return, they're leaving behind makeshift homes: in many cases, tents and living arrangements long on hardship and short on the comforts of home. Christiane Amanpour heads into the mountains of Kosovo to offer us a glimpse of a life in hiding for people who didn't leave their homeland. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice- over): Tens of thousands of ethnic Albanians are coming down from these hills in central Kosovo. For three months, they had hidden out in the valleys and forests as Yugoslav forces rampaged through their towns and villages. The Silini (ph) story is typical. Their small son wounded when Serbs shelled their village. Twelve-year-old Nazliye (ph) saw her father shot. It's that terror that caused hundreds of thousands of ethnic Albanians to take to the hills. Especially the men, who feared that Serb forces would kill those of military age. PAGE 5 CNN NEWSROOM, June 21, 1999 Up here in the mountains, people recreated village life as best they could. "Eighteen of us sleep in this tent." They couldn't bring enough plastic sheeting with them, so they fashioned shelters from the trees. And water, they drew from streams and natural mountain springs. The KLA appointed a civil defense administrator to organize their food, their survival. At night, when they could, they sent scouts back down to raid their own villages. They brought up a crude flour-mill. "Four of us work in shifts, day and night," he says. "I must grind four or five kilos of flour now. Our people need food." They rolled out as much as they had, and children were always the priority. A group of them crowd around the same bowl for a supper of barely-cooked rice and water. Children and adults alike complained of constant hunger, but no one starved here. (INTERRUPTED BY LIVE EVENT) TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: June 21, 1999 PAGE 6 LEVEL 1 - 3 OF 13 STORIES Content and programming copyright 1999 Cable News Network Transcribed under license by Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. Formatting copyright 1999 Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to Cable News Network. This transcript may not be copied or resold in any media. CNN SHOW: CNN NEWSROOM 04:30 am ET June 10, 1999; Thursday 4:30 am Eastern Time Transcript # 99061000V05 TYPE: SHOW SECTION: News; International LENGTH: 4583 words HEADLINE: NEWSROOM for June 10, 1999 BYLINE: Cassandra Henderson, Tony Frassrand, Andy Jordan, Lou Waters, Jamie McIntyre, Mike Boettcher, Kate Snow, Peter Viles, Sohn Jie-Ae, Alphonso Van Marsh HIGHLIGHT: NATO and Belgrade sign an agreement for the withdrawal of Yugoslav troops from Kosovo. Next, a look at whether a tiny lock could really protect computers from cyber attack. Then, examine stone paintings 60,000 years old with Aboriginal art and its tales of a stolen generation. Finally, a wrenching dilemma as minorities learn to deal with questionable police procedures. BODY: THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. ANNOUNCER: Now in our tenth year serving classrooms the world over, this is CNN NEWSROOM. CASSANDRA HENDERSON, CO-HOST: Hello everyone, welcome to the show. I'm Cassandra. TONY FRASSRAND, CO-HOST: And I'm Tony. It's Thursday already, that means the week is winding down and so it appears is the war in Yugoslavia. NATO and Belgrade signed an agreement for the withdrawal of Yugoslav troops from Kosovo. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The fact that this document has now been agreed represents the hope of a better future in which we can rebuild Kosovo and restore some normality to the lives of its ordinary citizens regardless of their ethnic PAGE 7 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 background. (END VIDEO CLIP) HENDERSON: In our "Science Desk," security of a different sort. Could a tiny lock really protect computers from cyber attack? (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) LARRY DALTON, SANDIA NATIONAL LABS: The lock code is never stored in computer memory anyplace so it's hacker-proof. (END VIDEO CLIP) FRASSRAND: From locks to rocks. In "Worldview," we examine stone paintings 60,000 years old. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) MEIL MCLEOD, BURRINJA GALLERY: Now that's a long time ago. So it makes it the oldest continuous art in the world. (END VIDEO CLIP) FRASSRAND: We'll focus on Aboriginal art and its tales of a stolen generation, kids wrenched from their families this century. HENDERSON: A wrenching dilemma in "Chronicle," as minorities learn to deal with questionable police procedures. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) OFC. MICHAEL GRAYS, 100 BLACKS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT: If you take a courageous stand at 2:00 in the morning against a police officer it can lead to your death. (END VIDEO CLIP) FRASSRAND: According to a new military withdrawal agreement, displaced Kosovars can look forward to going home and the people of Serbia can look forward to a sky free of bombs. NATO has been bombing Yugoslavia for 11 weeks and under the agreement, that country now has 11 days to clear its troops out of the disputed province of Kosovo. A Yugoslav official calls it the end of a war with celebratory anti-aircraft fire streaking across the Belgrade sky. The city has gone almost 80 days under the specter of strikes, much of the time without electricity or water. News of the deal also was greeted with firecrackers and blaring car horns. Yugoslav television said the deal is, quote, "proof the politics of President Solobodan Milosevic won." Before the celebration, there was negotiation in a tent in Macedonia, where NATO and Yugoslav generals hammered out the agreement. The plan sets in motion a sequence of events that began with the official signing. It gives Yugoslavia 11 days to withdraw all police, paramilitary and military forces. NATO then verifies Yugoslavia's compliance while the international peacekeeping force PAGE 8 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 called KFOR waits for the go-ahead to enter Kosovo. When NATO verifies Yugoslav compliance, it will suspend airstrikes. But the peacekeeping force has to wait for the United Nations Security Council to vote on the plan. Security Council members Russia and China have both indicated they will not block agreement. Once the U.N. gives its OK, the peacekeeping force will be called and deployed within hours. And, as Andy Jordan tells us, the plan ushers in a new era for the province with a troubled history. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) ANDY JORDAN, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): In 1974, Kosovo is granted autonomous status within the Yugoslav Republic of Serbia. But in 1989, then Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic takes away that autonomy claiming the land as sacred to Serbia. In 1990, Yugoslavia sends in troops, and dissolves Kosovo's government beginning the armed standoff between separatists in Kosovo and the Yugoslav government. Only after NATO authorizes airstrikes in October of last year, does Yugoslav President Milosevic agree to troop withdrawal. But fighting drags on. A massacre of 45 ethnic Albanians outside Racak in January of this year renews international peace efforts. The following month, both sides come together in Rambouillet, France. Kosovars sign a deal, but Serbs call it a non-plan and refuse to agree. On March 23rd, NATO authorizes the airstrike campaign known as Operation Allied Force; Yugoslavia declares a state of emergency its first since World War II. As the bombing begins, so does the exodus of refugees. They flee to neighboring Macedonia, Albania, and the Yugoslav Republic of Montenegro telling stories of door to door raids and atrocities at the hands of Serb soldiers. NATO strikes continue, some of which hit civilians and ethnic Albanian refugees. Then, last month, Russia, which is opposed to the bombing campaign, drafts a peace plan with Western powers but the Yugoslav president balks at the demand that NATO troops be part of an international peacekeeping force. By June 2nd, Russian and European negotiators agree on a final peace plan, which the Serbian parliament agrees to. But talks later break down on the exact timetable for Yugoslav troop withdrawal from Kosovo. And Yugoslavia demands there be a United Nations resolution before that happens. When the G-8 group of industrialized democracies and Russia come up with a proposed U.N. statement, talks between NATO and Yugoslav generals resume, and for the first time, Yugoslav military officials sign an accord. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: Well, this military agreement sets diplomatic and humanitarian wheels turning. PAGE 9 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 Lou Waters has more on the signing. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) LOU WATERS, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): After final marathon talks over two days, General Mike Jackson, the man who laid out NATO demands to the Serbs, announced what he called, "the good news." LT. GEN. SIR MICHAEL JACKSON, SENIOR NATO COMMANDER: I can confirm that General Marjanovic and General Stevanovic have signed the agreement on behalf of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and that I have signed on behalf of NATO. WATERS: Yugoslavia's top general then expressed his wish for peace. COL. GEN. SVETOZAR MARJANOVIC, YUGOSLAV ARMY, DEPUTY CHIEF OF STATE (through translator): The negotiations were very difficult, but finally we managed to sign the agreement. The agreement on peace, it means that the war ended. WATERS: The talks, interrupted several times for political consultations on both sides, ended with agreement on the timing of Serb troop withdrawal; the shutdown or withdrawal of Serb air forces, air defenses, radar and missile sites in Kosovo; the handover of documents giving NATO a firm idea of how to locate land mines, booby traps, and other explosives. (on camera): Serb forces have 11 days to quit Kosovo, leaving NATO peacekeepers in military control of the province. NATO and Yugoslavia have their military agreement, now comes the tough part, making it work. Lou Waters, CNN, Kumanovo NATO Base, Macedonia. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: Well, there's a collective sigh of relief over the deal starting at the White House, where President Clinton issued a statement, which said "We and our allies will watch carefully to see whether the Serb forces are peacefully leaving Kosovo in accordance with the agreed timetable." As we mentioned, when those forces start to leave U.S. troops, as part of the KFOR peacekeeping force, will begin to move in. Jamie McIntyre reports, their first priorities will be to clear mines and feed the famished. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) JAMIE MCINTYRE, CNN MILITARY AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The U.S. says almost 4,000 U.S. soldiers and Marines will move into Eastern Kosovo within days, if Yugoslavia is good to its word. WILLIAM COHEN, U.S. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE: If the Serbs live up to what they have signed, this will end the killing and begin the peace. MCINTYRE: Job one for the NATO peacekeepers will be clearing mines to open the way for food convoys. Also, working along side the NATO troops in the days to come: forensic experts investigating suspected war crimes. PAGE 10 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 The Pentagon has released a new satellite photograph, "firm evidence" it says Yugoslavia may have covered up atrocities. A May 15th photograph shows 143 graves, at Izbica, where smuggled videotape also documents a mass execution of ethnic Albanians. But this photo from a week ago, shows the bodies may have been dug up and moved. KENNETH BACON, PENTAGON SPOKESMAN: It's difficult to be completely clear about what happened, but it looks as if a bulldozer or other earth- moving equipment has been run over where the individual graves used to be. MCINTYRE: On what could well be the last day of the war, U.S. B- 52s again raked Serb troop concentrations with dozens of 500 pound bombs. More than 10,000 NATO air attacks over 78 days killed thousands of Serb troops. Hundreds of tanks, dozens of warplanes were destroyed, along with airfields, bridges, factories, refineries, and at least three of President Slobodan Milosevic's presidential homes. MAJ. GEN. CHARLES WALD, JOINT CHIEFS STAFF: I'd say, from a military perspective, long term, he needs to wonder now whether he has a military that can defend his own country. MCINTYRE (on camera): All together, more than 23 million pounds of bombs were dropped on Yugoslavia, more than two-thirds the explosive power of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Jamie McIntyre, CNN, the Pentagon. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: Once a peacekeeping force is in place in Kosovo the way will be clear for refugees to start heading home. Relief workers say 860,000 Kosovars, most of them ethnic Albanian, have fled their homeland since NATO began its air campaign in March. It was spring then and because winter starts early in the Balkans making the trek back before it gets cold is important. It's also dangerous with landmines and booby traps to avoid. One border crossing in Albania is expected to see heavy traffic, and not all of those returning will be escorted by peacekeepers. Mike Boettcher, who's at that crossing, explains. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MIKE BOETTCHER, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): First-time visitors to the Morina border crossing between Albania and Yugoslavia -- no member of AFOR, the NATO-led humanitarian force in Albania, had ever traveled this close to the dangerous Morina crossing, the site of recent sniper attacks and an errant NATO bombing. But hundreds of thousands of refugees passed through this point on their way out of Kosovo, and they will again pass through here on their way home. It was time to finally visit. COMMODORE DOUGLAS TETHRIN, AFOR: So, we needed to have a look on this side of the way of the frontier. PAGE 11 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 BOETTCHER: A frontier littered with land mines and unexploded bombs. A treacherous barrier between refugees and home. (on camera): The United Nations estimates that 400,000 of the 785,000 Kosovar refugees will return home within three months after a Serbian withdrawal. But what if many of them want to go home now? (voice-over): The prospect of impatient refugees pushing through an unsecured border crossing worries the Belgian AFOR officer. TETHRIN: That's a problem, yes. We'll have to manage the way that we can do it. I don't know yet. BOETTCHER: United Nations refugee workers in Albania hope to convince the huge refugee population here to be patient and wait for NATO to clear mines and bombs. ANNA DILELLIO, WORLD FOOD PROGRAM: We don't know how many would want to go in immediately and the timing of this return is something that concerns us. BOETTCHER: So far, refugees in Albania seem to be buying the U.N. message. SABRI AVDULLAH, KOSOVAR REFUGEE (through translator): We will wait until NATO clears the mines. BOETTCHER: ... said this man, who seemed to reflect the opinion of most of the other refugees. But the World Food Program cannot afford to be complacent and count on patience prevailing. This mobile bakery in Kukes, Albania, which is producing 16,000 loaves of bread each day, is preparing to hit the road whenever the refugees do. On the Albanian border, which has no large NATO presence, the spearhead column of refugees at this point will be escorted by bread trucks, not tanks; bakers, not commandos. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It's very dangerous but I must go. BOETTCHER: On this day, fighter jets but no bombs, relative peace and quiet that could soon be broken however, by the sounds of thousands of tractors, cars, buses and feet, making their way back home, back to Kosovo. Mike Boettcher, CNN, on the Yugoslavian-Albanian frontier. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: In today's "Science Desk" we play high-tech hide and seek. This year, hackers broke into a military computer server near San Antonio, Texas. The intruders were cut off before they reached top-secret material. Now, the incident is one of many raising concern. A computer hacker is a person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, and a cracker is one who breaks security on a system. PAGE 12 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 Now, as computer crime grows more sophisticated, so does the technology used to stop it. Kate Snow has more on the latest anti- hacking, anti-cracking tool. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP, "War Games") MATTHEW BRODERICK, ACTOR: Wow. ALLY SHEEDY, ACTRESS: What? BRODERICK: We're in. (END VIDEO CLIP) KATE SNOW, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): In the movie "War Games" teenagers crack into a computer that controls the nation's nuclear arsenal. Fiction, yes, but real-life cyber attacks on the Pentagon are a constant threat. At Sandia National Laboratories, they have an answer: a microscopic re-codable lock. It works like an old combination lock, but it's smaller than a dime -- a hardware firewall that keeps malicious hackers from doing any damage. LARRY DALTON, SANDIA NATIONAL LABS: The reason hackers can defeat the systems is that key information, codes, passwords are stored in the computer, and they get through these back doors and they figure these things out. The lock code is never stored in computer memory anyplace, so it's hacker-proof. SNOW: Six gears and comb drives allow the owner to set the lock for one of a million different combinations. FRANK PETER, DEVICE DESIGNER: All the hackers in the world can get together and write all the software they want, but what it really comes down to is they have to pick one number between one and a million, and if they're wrong they're locked out. SNOW: The lock is an outgrowth of nuclear weapons research, one of many micro-machines being developed at Sandia. (on camera): Since last summer, they've been manufacturing prototypes of the mini-locks here, but within the next year or two, they hope to have them commercially available. (voice-over): One silicon wafer can hold dozens of the locks, so they're relatively cheap to produce. PETER: If you had a thousand or $2,000 computer system, the additional cost imposed by adding this device would be a few dollars. So you're talking about, you know, a fractional, fractional percent. SNOW: Designers sat the applications are endless, from protecting a disk drive to safeguarding the nation's nuclear weapons. Kate Snow, CNN, Albuquerque. (END VIDEOTAPE) PAGE 13 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 ANNOUNCER: Teachers, make the most of CNN NEWSROOM with our free daily classroom guide to the program. There you'll find a rundown of each day's show so you choose just the program segments that fit your lesson plans. Plus there are discussion questions and activities. And the guide highlights key people places and news terms. Each day, find hot links to other online resources and previews of upcoming "Desk" segments. It's all at this Web address, where you can also sign-up to have the guide automatically e-mailed directly to you each day. It's easy, it's free, it's your curriculum connection to the news. After all, the news never stops and neither does learning. FRASSRAND: Straight ahead in "Worldview," a quieter way of keeping the peace in South Korea and, from Australia, aboriginal expression. First, a telecommunications company draws a bold link between the United States and Europe. We begin today with a closer look at a high-tech company that has grown at a staggering speed, quickly asserting itself as a force to contend with in the global telecommunications business. Peter Viles has this look at Global Crossing. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) PETER VILES, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): It is a story of Internet riches found on the bottom of the ocean. Global Crossing is based in Bermuda but was conceived in Beverly Hills by an investor named Gary Winnick, who cut his teeth working for junk bond king Michael Milken and aggressively built a team to lay fiber optic cable. At this restaurant in New York's Little Italy, he put down a check for two million dollars to lure William Carter, who had laid cables for AT&T. He hired Jack Scanlon from top ranks of Motorola and then Robert Annunziata, the creator of Teleport. (on camera): The result was a fiber optic cable like this one: tiny fibers wrapped in steel, then copper, then plastic. It runs from this town on a shore of Long Island, across the ocean floor to England, and then back. And it has amazing carrying capacity: in less than an hour, it can transmit every single word in the Library of Congress. MICHAEL RUDDY, PIONEER CONSULTING: The primary reasons for the success of Global Crossing were, first of all, timing and, second of all, the management team. Timing because there was huge demand just as Global Crossing was building that cable for Internet capacity for -- and for corporate data capacity between the U.S. and Europe. VILES (voice-over): Demand was so strong Global Crossing immediately began laying other cables to the Caribbean, the West Coast, South America and Asia, then announced a merger with long- distance carrier Frontier to build a domestic network, all to feed the huge demand for data transmission. MEL MARTEN, EDWARD JONES: Every e-mail that gets sent, every Web page that gets downloaded, it's the phone companies that are carrying all that traffic, and the potential for these companies is huge. PAGE 14 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 VILES: Wall Street responded by treating Global Crossing like an Internet stock. SOLOMON TRUJILLO, CHAIRMAN & CEO, US WEST: As a business, we want to make sure that everybody understands: We're thinking in terms of global reach, we're thinking about also at the same time our local services. VILES: But that means a change of strategy: the company that began as a wholesaler, a carrier's carrier, would compete against its customers and split itself into two separate stocks. Investors balked; Global shares slipped, and some analysts are doubting the strategy. To date, Global Crossing has been an incredible generator of wealth. Winnick's 24-percent stake is worth 5.5 billion. And then there's Former President George Bush, who gave a speech to Global Crossing executives 15 months ago and shrewdly took his payment in stock instead of cash. That $80,000 fee is today worth $15 million. Peter Viles, New York. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: A new-style police officer is going over well in South Korea. As Sohn Jie-Ae shows us, the officers are taking a different approach to crowd control. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) SOHN JIE-AE, CNN SEOUL BUREAU CHIEF (voice-over): Tanks firing tear gas, students wielding steel pipes and throwing molotov cocktails, and thousands of riot police dressed in menacing Darth Vader-like riot gear: These were the images associated with South Korean demonstrations. Well, welcome to a new era, where smartly- dressed female riot police lead demonstrators marching through the streets, blocking traffic when needed and at times, from brightly- painted police tanks, encouraging demonstrators to get a move on. KIM HAE-KYUNG, POLICE OFFICER (through translator): We are here to help bring about a new type of demonstration culture, one that is peaceful and orderly. JIE-AE: And so far, the women say demonstrators seem to like the change. KIM MI-JIN, POLICE OFFICER: Even their response is very nice, yes, was very nice, yes. JIE-AE (on camera): They were nice to you? KIM: Yes. JIE-AE: They don't throw rocks? KIM: No. JIE-AE: No? KIM: Not any more. PAGE 15 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 JIE-AE (voice-over): Normally, Ahn Hae-Jung handles paperwork for the homicide department in a Seoul police station, but, when the need arises, Ahn get the call from the riot squad. AHN HAE-JUNG, POLICE OFFICER (through translator): At first I was worried. I didn't have any training about demonstrations, but now I know we can do it, and it's very rewarding. JIE-AE: Like Ahn, all of the policewomen work in other departments full time. They are also vastly outnumbered by their male counterparts, but that doesn't mean what they do is considered any less important. JIE-AE (on camera): For the time being, women play only a marginal role in controlling demonstrations, but officials hope that one day this type of role will be the only role that riot police will need to play. Sohn Jie-Ae, CNN, Seoul. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: Aborigines first settled in Australia more than 60,000 years ago. Throughout the centuries, they've used art to reflect their lives, their religious beliefs and their cultural traditions, but it has also been used to illustrate a darker side of their history. May Lee has this report from Melbourne. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MAY LEE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): They are a people who have inhabited Australia for tens of thousands of years, but their art has remained virtually unchanged. MEIL MCLEOD, BURRINJA GALLERY: These stories are so old. We have rock paintings in Arnhamland (ph) in north of Australia that have been dated now at probably 65, 70,000 years, and that same image in some of the rock shelters is being done in paintings today. Now, that's a long time ago, so it makes it the oldest continuous art in the world. LEE: The oldest art, but not the most recognized, until recently. Interest in the Aborigines is on the rise in large part due to the increased recognition of their struggles. The stolen generation depicted in this sculpture is perhaps the most shocking example of their plight. Under government policy, tens of thousands of Aboriginal children were forcibly separated from their families from 1910 to the early 1970's and placed in state care centers or adopted by Anglo-Saxon families. It was an attempt, say the Aborigines, to wipe out their culture, an attempt at genocide. But the heightened awareness of their history is all the more reason for artists to paint and document their stories. Eva Nganmirra is one such artist. She is carrying on the traditions of her clan. Here at the home of Neil McLeod, Eva, along with other Aboriginal artists from around Australia, spend their days immersed in creativity, so much so that sometimes their words are few. PAGE 16 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 LEE (on camera): What are the shapes here that we see? EVA NGANMIRRA, ARTIST: Fish, fish tail. LEE: Fish tail. (voice-over): Like most Aboriginal artists, Eva was taught how to paint by the elders in her clan, namely her late father, the renowned artist Robin Nganmirra. The tradition of passing down the skills and knowledge, say the Aborigines, is what will keep their culture alive. LEE (on camera): What does this represent for you when you work on these pieces? KIM LAMPTON, ARTIST: My country, myself, just where I'm from; you know, I'm not just from the city, and this is just something from me that I've lost, you know, and reexperience my family. LEE: So obviously you want to pass it on to your children? LAMPTON: Yes, definitely. LEE: Do they have an appreciation of it as well? LAMPTON: Yes, they do. LEE (voice-over): And they hope that appreciation will help the new generation carry on so that they will never again suffer the pain of loss or neglect. May Lee, CNN. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: President Clinton is telling U.S. federal law agencies to collect race and gender data on people they stop or arrest. Minorities say they are singled out by police for questioning because of the color of their skin. The American Civil Liberties Union says the president's order would begin the process of getting documentation to support those allegations. Meanwhile, one community is going a step beyond, with the focus on cooperation. Alphonso Van Marsh has the details. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) ALPHONSO VAN MARSH, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Nineteen- year-old Anthony Harris often feels uneasy walking home from his job in Harlem. Uneasy, not necessarily because of fears of street crime, but because of what he perceives as police harassment. ANTHONY HARRIS, ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MENTOR: You could just be walking and they'll ask -- they'll pull you over and ask you some question like, where you going, where you coming from, do you live in this neighborhood. PAGE 17 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 VAN MARSH: So Harris recently attended a community workshop that teaches minority youth how to act when approached by police. OFC. MICHAEL GRAYS, 100 BLACKS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT: Everybody keep your hands up. Everybody put your head to the right. Everybody, head to the right. Everybody, head to the right. VAN MARSH: The group, 100 Blacks In Law Enforcement Who Care, runs the workshop. Its members, many of whom are New York City Police officers, say there is a fine line between swallowing pride and surviving abuse. GRAYS: Now, if the police officer tells you, get out of the car, yes, I know there's no probable cause for you to get out of the car -- get out of the car. VAN MARSH: These policemen say, comply, be observant and file a complaint. GRAYS: Our forefathers in the civil rights struggle, they marched against injustice and they took courageous stands. However, if you take a courageous stand 2:00 in the morning against a police officer, it can lead to your death. VAN MARSH: New York City's police commissioner calls that claim outrageous, but says he supports the group's efforts promoting civil interaction between officers and citizens. COMM. HOWARD SAFIR, NEW YORK CITY POLICE: We think that -- that they or anybody else can do, to teach de-escalation on both sides, is a positive thing. VAN MARSH: And police are fighting an increasingly-negative image. Most recently, thousands protested citywide following the death of unarmed West African immigrant Amadou Diallo at the hands of police. (on-camera): While many members of 100 Blacks In Law Enforcement Who Care speak to community groups or high school students, there are others that think a younger audience should be targeted. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: How many think that the police don't do a good job? VAN MARSH (voice-over): Officer Clifton Hallingsworth (ph) says some of these grade schoolers have already had bad experiences with police officers, and he hopes that early exposure to proper police procedure will make them wiser on the street. Alphonso Van Marsh, CNN, New York. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: All right, guys, that's it. FRASSRAND: That's it. We'll see you tomorrow. Big Friday show tomorrow. See you. TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com PAGE 18 CNN NEWSROOM, June 10, 1999 LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: June 10, 1999 PAGE 19 LEVEL 1 - 4 OF 13 STORIES Content and programming copyright 1999 Cable News Network Transcribed under license by Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. Formatting copyright 1999 Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to Cable News Network. This transcript may not be copied or resold in any media. CNN SHOW: CNN NEWSROOM 04:30 am ET June 7, 1999; Monday 4:30 am Eastern Time Transcript # 99060700V05 TYPE: SHOW SECTION: News; International LENGTH: 4402 words HEADLINE: NEWSROOM for June 7, 1999 BYLINE: Tony Frassrand, Cassandra Henderson, Andy Jordan, Tom Mintier, Mike Chinoy, Gary Strieker, Tim Lister, John Zarrella, Deborah Feyerick, Lisa Barron, Don Knapp HIGHLIGHT: NATO planes dropped bombs on Serb targets while next door in Macedonia tough talks on the logistics of peace in Kosovo. Also, an air of mystery in Indonesia as voters confront choices they haven't faced since 1955. Next, a look at whether the Alaskan wolf should be in the line of fire. Then, examine a painful part of Russia's past. Finally, it's 3-2-1 liftoff at a hundred-thousand feet. BODY: THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. ANNOUNCER: Now in our tenth year serving classrooms the world over, this is CNN NEWSROOM. TONY FRASSRAND, CO-HOST: Hey, guys, glad you made it through the weekend. Glad we did too. I'm Tony. CASSANDRA HENDERSON, CO-HOST: And I'm Cassandra. It's back to the music today. We start with efforts to face the music in Yugoslavia. FRASSRAND: NATO planes dropped bombs on Serb targets while next door in Macedonia tough talks on the logistics of peace in Kosovo. HENDERSON: Also today, an air of mystery in Indonesia as voters confront choices they haven't faced since 1955. PAGE 20 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) MIKE CHINOY, CNN CORRESPONDENT: "It's an emotional overflow," says this man. "For so long we couldn't speak up. Now we're like animals let out of the cage." (END VIDEO CLIP) FRASSRAND: The uncaged animal is our focus in "Environment Desk." Should the Alaskan wolf be in the line of fire? HENDERSON: And we'll look at a region of Europe which has spent time in the line of Russian fire. "Worldview" examines a painful part of that country's past. FRASSRAND: In "Chronicle," It's 3-2-1 liftoff at a hundred- thousand feet. That's the plan anyway. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) JOHN POWELL, AMATEUR ROCKETEER: It's so much safer to do it. There's so much less fuel, it's a much slower process, I think it's the ideal way to go. (END VIDEO CLIP) HENDERSON: We head to a part of the world which has a history of haggling over map lines. And that legacy has us, again, talking about a stalled prospect for peace in Kosovo. Talks to implement a negotiated settlement broke down early today and NATO now says it has no alternative but to intensify airstrikes in the meanwhile. Kosovo is a province in Serbia, the key republic of Yugoslavia. It's inhabited mainly by ethnic Albanians who've been pushing for independence. Over the weekend, NATO and Yugoslav officials met in neighboring Macedonia, where they came to loggerheads over terms of Serbian troop withdrawal from Kosovo. That was one of the stipulations from a Western-backed peace plan the Serbian parliament approved last week. Among other points, it calls for the verifiable and quick withdrawal of Serbian forces from Kosovo. Last week, Yugoslavia had agreed to what was a major sticking point: NATO participation in an international security force, deployed under a unified control and command. The plan also calls for the safe and free return of all refugees and access for humanitarian aid. Well, We'll back up now, and get a bit of the history of the Kosovo conflict from our Andy Jordan. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) ANDY JORDAN, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): In 1974, Kosovo is granted autonomous status within the Yugoslav Republic of Serbia. But, in 1989, then Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic takes away that autonomy, claiming the land as sacred to Serbia. In 1990, Yugoslavia sends in troops and dissolves Kosovo's government beginning the armed standoff between separatists in Kosovo and the Yugoslav PAGE 21 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 government. Only after NATO authorizes airstrikes in October of last year, does Yugoslav President Milosevic agree to troop withdrawal. But fighting drags on. A massacre of 45 ethnic Albanians outside Racak in January of this year renews international peace efforts. The following month, both sides come together in Rambouillet, France. Kosovars sign a deal, but Serbs call it a "non-plan" and refuse to agree. On March 23rd, NATO authorizes the airstrike campaign known as "Operation Allied Force"; Yugoslavia declares a state of emergency, its first since World War II. As the bombing begins, so does the exodus of refugees. They flee to neighboring Macedonia, Albania, and the Yugoslav Republic of Montenegro telling stories of door to door raids and atrocities at the hands of Serb soldiers. NATO strikes continue, some of which hit civilians and ethnic Albanian refugees. Then, last month, Russia, which is opposed to the bombing campaign, drafts a peace plan with Western powers. But the Yugoslav president balks at the demand that NATO troops be part of an international peacekeeping force. By June 2nd, Russian and European negotiators agree on a final peace plan and the Serbian parliament gives it an official go. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: Well, the devil is always is the details and the discussion of those details in Macedonia is proving that breathing life into that peace plan may prove easier on paper than in practice. Tom Mintier reports. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) TOM MINTIER, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): What started out as a translation of the political agreement reached in Belgrade to the on the ground military details looked to be routine. The Yugoslav delegation was large and filled with high-ranking generals. NATO was represented by a single officer, Lieutenant General Sir Mike Jackson. The meeting was apparently filled with difficulties, but at the core of the problem was one simple fact: The Serbs wanted to negotiate; NATO did not. The problem so deep that after more than 18 hours of meetings, NATO decided there were no reasons to continue. LT. GEN. MIKE JACKSON, NATO SPOKESMAN: The Yugoslav delegation presented a proposal that would not guarantee the safe return of all the refugees or the full withdrawal of Yugoslav forces. MINTIER: At the heart of the problem for the Serbs was NATO, ordering their speedy withdrawal from Kosovo and plans to move into the province with a large peacekeeping force. NEBOJSA VUJOVIC, YUGOSLAV SPOKESMAN: We have a mandate, based on the decision of the parliament of the Republic of Serbia and of the government of the PAGE 22 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, to achieve technical agreement -- technical military agreement -- based on the principles put forth in Belgrade meeting. Those principles include: who respects the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, whose Kosovo is integral part; and also a deployment of international security presence, under the auspices of U.N. MINTIER: With NATO officials saying the bombing will not only continue but probably intensify, peace may be more difficult to negotiate in the future. (on camera): The breakdown of the military to military agreement may come as a major setback to the politicians who worked out what they thought was a major solution for Kosovo. In many ways, what has happened here is more of a setback to any solution. Tom Mintier, CNN, Kumanovo, Macedonia. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: Most of those voting today in Indonesian elections weren't even born the last time there was a democratic vote. Before all is said and done, though, they could end up creating the world's third largest democracy. The polling comes at the end of a campaign relatively free of violence. Much is at stake for the international community, which has invested more than $40-billion to rescue Indonesia's shattered economy. As the world's fourth most populous nation, Indonesia is a parceled land, vulnerable to factional unrest. It's the world's largest Muslim country. Across 10,000 inhabited islands, which make up the nation, the worst economic crisis in 30 years united students in 1997 and '98. The crisis led to often violent riots directed at authoritarian President Suharto. He resigned last year after ruling longer than any other leader in Asia. His critics had taken to the streets claiming he was too old and out of touch and unable to handle the unemployment and currency crisis. He was replaced by an appointed president, J.B. Habibie, who promised to democratize the nation and expedite economic reform. In the last year, he has lifted media restrictions, released political prisoners, and started economic reform. Indonesians are voting for a 500-seat parliament; 38 seats are reserved to be appointed by the military. Legislators and 200 government appointees will select a president in November. The leader of the party which does best in today's voting probably will become frontrunner for president. We get more of an election preview from Mike Chinoy. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MIKE CHINOY, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): This is a country of more than 300 ethnic groups, more than 14,000 islands spread out over 5,000 kilometers. It hasn't had a free election in nearly half a century. Now, with just three months to prepare, Indonesia is embarking on a democratic experiment of staggering scale and complexity. PAGE 23 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 ADRIAN MCDONALD, AUSTRALIAN ELECTION COMMISSION: The biggest problem is the logistical side of things, the sheer size of the place, the communications problems, the geographical problems that they have. CHINOY: Adrian McDonald is one of the many experts and monitors here to help and observe: among them, former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Many monitors are working with the National Election Commission, or KPU, which is coordinating everything from ballot distribution to the installation of a new multimillion dollar computer system -- paid for with international aid -- to provide faster and more reliable election results. With 320,000 polling stations for the country's 130 million voters, the biggest issue is ensuring that the process is and is seen to be free and fair. Hundreds of thousands of volunteer monitors have been trained and dispatched around the country. But in a nation where all elections for decades have been rigged by the government, some irregularities appear inevitable. MARY SCHWARZ, INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE: I've already gotten reports of missing ballots, of premarked ballots, of indelible ink that can be washed off with water. CHINOY: Still, with the arrival of election day, after a surprisingly peaceful campaign, many monitors remain cautiously hopeful that the complicated logistics will work. The bigger concern for a society just emerging from the dictatorship of ousted President Suharto's New Order is to ensure that the results are accepted, even by those who lose. CHINOY (on camera): In some of Indonesia's strife-torn regions, like the provinces of Aceh and East Timor, the election has been overshadowed by continuing political and ethnic violence. But most of the sprawling archipelago appears ready to embrace this ballot as a crucial first step on the road to democracy. Mike Chinoy, CNN, Jakarta. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: Our "Daily Desk" today takes us to Alaska, where lawmakers are considering a bill that would give wildlife officials more leeway in using aircraft to track and shoot wolves. The legislation comes, in part, because many Alaskans hunt moose and caribou for food and so do wolves. Competition for the same resource: Is it a matter of "survival of the fittest"? That's a struggle for life in which only those organisms best adapted to existing conditions are able to survive and reproduce. If it is a matter of survival of the fittest, is it a fair fight? Perhaps humans are better adapted, because we have the benefit of advanced technology such as planes and tracking devices. Some things to think about as you watch this story from Gary Strieker. PAGE 24 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) GARY STRIEKER, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Shooting wolves from aircraft is illegal in Alaska. It has been for many years. And in a statewide referendum two years ago, Alaskan voters also outlawed using aircraft to track wolves then landing and shooting them the same day. SKIP WALLEN, REFERENDUM SPONSOR: It goes to the heart of the way the public at the start of a new millennium wants its wildlife treated. STRIEKER: Opponents of that referendum argued it was too restrictive. And now a state senator has sponsored a bill to give wildlife authorities more flexibility to shoot wolves from the air. He says the bill is not intended to legalize airborne wolf hunting. PETER KELLY, ALASKA STATE SENATE: It will, however, allow the department to more effectively manage the wolf populations, even sometimes to the benefit of the wolf population, because sometimes you have to go in and you have to kill packs. STRIEKER: The current law allows only one exception to the ban on airborne wolf hunting, in the case of a biological emergency, when the state Department of Fish and Game may be authorized to shoot wolves from the air to protect endangered populations of moose or caribou. Opponents of the bill argue it would again allow state authorities to carry out unrestricted airborne wolf control; control usually directed at killing wolves solely to increase the number of game animals available for hunters. But even the Fish and Game Department is now opposed to airborne wolf control in the absence of a biological emergency. And many voters feel the same way. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: They don't seem to be following the will of the people. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I think it's totally ridiculous. STRIEKER: Even opponents expect it to pass in the legislature, but they say they're counting on the governor to veto the bill. Gary Strieker, CNN, reporting. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: In "Worldview," we head to the U.N. to see if it will make a smooth transition into the new millennium and we journey to Cuba to spotlight a nuclear power plant. Then off to South Korea, where eating is our focus. But we begin in Russia With a longtime survivor. From Russia, President Boris Yeltsin's political troubles recently included something familiar to Americans: impeachment. The Russian leader was taken to task over the war in Chechnya. The proceedings, which didn't lead to his removal, did recall a disastrous episode in the short life of post-Soviet Russia. Tim Lister looks back at a conflict that was a humiliation for Russia. PAGE 25 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) TIM LISTER, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The war for Chechnya brought the destruction of its capital and despair to its people. It became a graveyard for thousands of Russian soldiers, and a debacle for Russia's leadership, political and military. The Chechens are ancient Muslim people isolated among the rugged Caucasus Mountains. They have a history of rebellion against Russian rule. When the Soviet Union collapsed, the Chechens were among many in its regions and republics to grasp for independence. In October, 1991, a former Soviet Air Force general, Dzokhar Dudayev, became president and declared Chechnya independent. Moscow was enraged. Chechnya's strategic position and its rich oil and gas reserves made it different from other fractious regions. But it was three years before Russia took the military option. In December, 1994, tanks rolled into Chechnya. There was talk of a quick, victorious war. Within a month, Russian forces were in the capital, Grozny. And they used overwhelming force against lightly armed Chechen separatists, reducing the city to a burnt-out shell. Tens of thousands of civilians were killed; an accurate toll may never be known. But there was no Chechen surrender. Guerrillas retreated into the hills, and infiltrated Grozny as "hunter-killer" groups, inflicting terrible casualties on Russian forces. And they mounted spectacular attacks in Russia itself. In 1995, about 100 rebels seized a hospital in Buddenovsk. They repelled an attempt by Russian troops to storm the building. Then prime minister Victor Chernomyrdin negotiated a truce with the rebel commander, Shamil Basayev. Eventually Basayev was able to leave the building with his guerrillas and the promise of fresh talks. Repeatedly, Russian military might was outmaneuvered by Chechen separatists. Pictures of body bags, of Russian casualties and troops in desperate conditions fueled opposition to the conflict. The war stuttered into 1996, punctuated by sporadic negotiations on a settlement and outbreaks of fighting. The man who declared Chechen independence, Dzokhar Dudayev, was one of its victims, killed in a rocket attack. Eventually, it was Alexander Lebed, now one of Mr. Yeltsin's chief critics, who helped broker a deal with the Chechens; but at a cost. Russian forces withdrew from the republic, and the Chechen leadership held onto their ambition of independence. A decision on Chechnya's status was merely postponed. Today, the ruins of war remain. Grozny is a Stonehenge of charred foundations. Much of the republic is lawless. The influence of Islam, which haunts the Russians, is pervasive. By contrast, Moscow holds virtually no sway in Chechnya. After a Russian general was abducted there in March, Moscow pulled out other officials. PAGE 26 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 Boris Yeltsin's spokesman in parliament attributed the failures in Chechnya to poor decisions by army generals. The parliament decided that the Kremlin was as much to blame. Tim Lister, CNN. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: They've been enemies for decades, but the U.S. and Cuba sit side-by-side. Their proximity has fueled American concerns over a long-troubled nuclear project in Cuba. John Zarrella has more. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) JOHN ZARRELLA, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): For years, critics of an unfinished nuclear power plant in Cuba have charged it's unsafe. They accused the Cubans of constructing a plant riddled with cracks in concrete containment vessels and substandard welds in critical pipes; deficiencies, the critics say, would make the plant a threat to the United States if it's completed. REP. ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN (R), FLORIDA: The technology he uses is obsolete. The training the workers have used is very shoddy. This could be a real safety problem for the entire southeastern United States. In a matter of hours, we could be contaminated. ZARRELLA: But, until now, there didn't appear much likelihood the Russian-designed plant would ever be completed. By 1992, both Russia and Cuba had run out of money to build the $700 million facility on Cuba's south coast. But now both sides have reportedly agreed to a joint venture that would get construction going again, probably using other people's money. ROS-LEHTINEN: Together, both countries can give the credibility to this project to entice the investors to come and get the project done. ZARRELLA: Although the plant is a Russian design, it is different from Chernobyl. (on camera): If built right, U.S. and international atomic energy officials say, the design is safe. Cuba insists the plant is solid. But, so far, the Castro government has not allowed outside inspectors in to validate that claim. John Zarrella, CNN, Miami. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: United Nations workers in the field are especially reliant on computers to do their jobs. That's why, as Deborah Feyerick reports, getting Y2K compatible is not just important for the U.N., it could well be a matter of survival. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) PAGE 27 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 DEBORAH FEYERICK, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): For the United Nations, becoming Y2K compatible is a challenge of global proportions and the stakes are high: everything from Security Council meetings, to peacekeeping missions and humanitarian relief efforts rely on computers in one way or another. JOSEPH CONNOR, UNDER SECRETARY-GENERAL: We've got to make sure that we are getting the supplies in what could be a crippled transportation system. FEYERICK: The U.N. says 75 percent of its technology is Y2K compatible. A new computer system, budgeted in before the Y2K dilemma, is being installed at a cost of $70 million. But the problem is larger than a single system. JEAN PIERRE ROZ, UNITED NATIONS: We are very much dependent upon the rest of the world. FEYERICK: Jean Pierre Roz heads the United Nation's Y2K Task Force. ROZ: We are in a global village and we may be fully prepared, but we may be affected by failures in other areas. FEYERICK: U.N. officials say communication is a big worry. Satellites and telephones link the U.N. to its people overseas and a small computer problem in one country could cause big headaches. The same applies to banking in some of the 185 U.N. member states, according to the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. CONNOR: The OECD characterizes 50 percent of the countries' position as "scary," a non-bureaucratic but very descriptive word, "scary." FEYERICK: To plan for possible Y2K-related bank failures, the U.N. is setting up special accounts so that hundreds of its missions don't run out of money, which doesn't necessarily help the U.N.'s member states. (on camera): U.N. officials held a big conference in December to alert member states to the dangers of Y2K. There was lots of advice, but no money to help cash-poor countries update their technology. (voice-over): And even with all its preparation, including back up generators, the U.N. says there is only so much that can be done. CONNOR: We're not going to be able to cover everything. That would be a foolish expenditure of money to try to remake the world. FEYERICK: Deborah Feyerick, for CNN, United Nations. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: Airline cuisine is not often considered fine dining but imagine people queuing up for an in-flight on the ground. Fact or fiction? From South Korea, Lisa Barron has the answer. PAGE 28 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) LISA BARRON, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): They say getting there is half the fun. But, on Yangpyong Airlines, it's all the fun because you never get anywhere. Yangpyong Airlines is a South Korean restaurant converted from an American DC-10 airliner. The restaurant is the brainchild of entrepreneur Kim Dong-Bum, who hopes the surreal atmosphere will take people's minds off of Korea's lingering economic troubles. KIM DONG-BUM, CAPTAIN, YANGPYONG (through translator): People are experiencing difficulties and are stressed out from everyday life. I wanted them to be able to have the joyful experience of flying, relieving their stress through a spiritual journey. BARRON: Passengers have flocked to the city of Yang-Pyong, about 60 kilometers east of Seoul. KIM (through translator): About 400 to 500 customers visit us regularly and they all say it's very creative. BARRON: To create the feel of a real airline, meals are divided by class: economy, business and first, with prices increasing accordingly. For example, a plate of spaghetti will cost you about $8 U.S., but if you have first class tastes, you'll have to cough up about $32 for escargot. And, to keep up appearances, the wait staff is dressed as a flight crew. PARK CHUNG-SOOK, FLIGHT ATTENDANT (through translator): Children come for a plane ride they haven't yet experienced, and the elderly come because they like this unique idea. UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): I feel like I'm on a real airplane flying! BARRON: Kim bought the DC-10 over the Internet for $50,000 U.S., but it didn't arrive on its own. It had to be shipped in pieces because of its size, and the fact that it's not air-worthy. And there's one other significant difference between Yangpyong Airlines and a real air carrier: the cuisine is a cut above usually unappetizing airline food. Lisa Barron, CNN Financial News, Hong Kong. (END VIDEOTAPE) FRASSRAND: Imagine your own rocket traveling faster than the speed of sound. And yes, no, this is not a dream. For some folks, it's very real. And, if they're lucky, their rockets may make it into space. Don Knapp tells us how. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) PAGE 29 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 DON KNAPP, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Helium balloons float in the cool morning air over Nevada's Black Rock Desert. They're part of a scheme to cheat gravity in the race to put the first amateur rocket into space. JOHN POWELL, AMATEUR ROCKETEER: So much safer to do it. There's so much less fuel. It's a much slower process. I think it's the ideal way to go. KNAPP: It's John Powell's plan to save fuel by boosting his rocket with balloons to 100,000 feet before ignition. But, this day, desert winds show the plan's vulnerability. POWELL: OK, this is an official call. The wind is too high. We are down. We are down. Hold on balloon fill. KNAPP: The following day, Powell's team is back at it, driven by a dream and a quarter-million dollar prize offered for the first amateur rocket to fly 200 kilometers -- 124 miles -- into space. The Space Frontier Foundation put up the money. RICK TUMLINSON, SPACE FRONTIER FOUNDATION: What we're trying to do is get your average folks out there involved in opening space. As far as we're concerned, space is a place, it's not a program. KNAPP: Many amateur rocketeers are shooting for the prize the conventional way. Tom Rouse will try to get his rocket into space later this summer. TOM ROUSE, AMATEUR ROCKETEER: I guess you'd call it low-tech, I mean the solid rocket fuel has been around since the '50s. We're just using engineering techniques that will minimize failure. KNAPP: Despite desert winds, John Powell takes a chance. POWELL: OK, begin winching. Be ready to cut there. Be ready to cut if something doesn't go. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Cut. (APPLAUSE) KNAPP: The balloons and rocket rise to 29,000 feet but begin to drift out of an approved launch range 15 miles downwind. Powell decides to launch. POWELL: Launch the vehicle. Command away. KNAPP: Barely visible through a long lens, Powell's rocket reaches 75,000 feet. (APPLAUSE) KNAPP: It's an official altitude record, but well short of a flight into space. (APPLAUSE) POWELL: Thank you. PAGE 30 CNN NEWSROOM, June 7, 1999 KNAPP: Encouraged, Powell says he'll be back on the Black Rock Desert with another rocket within weeks. Don Knapp, CNN. (END VIDEOTAPE) HENDERSON: Well, they haven't made it into space, but space shuttle Discovery did and is already back home. FRASSRAND: Discovery returned early Sunday, making a rare middle of the night touchdown at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The seven crewmembers spent six of their 10 days in orbit moving supplies onto the International Space Station. HENDERSON: That's right. Now they also launched a 19-inch sphere covered with small mirrors. It's a school project that can be tracked by the naked eye on Earth. FRASSRAND: That is it. HENDERSON: See ya, guys. FRASSRAND: See you tomorrow. TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: June 7, 1999 PAGE 31 LEVEL 1 - 5 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 The Deseret News Publishing Co. The Deseret News (Salt Lake City, UT) April 4, 1999, Sunday SECTION: VIEWPOINT; Pg. AA3 LENGTH: 609 words HEADLINE: Milosevic's pal Primakov is no friend of the U.S. BYLINE: By Jack Anderson and Jan Moller BODY: Russian Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov and his aides turned their Washington-bound plane around in midair last week to protest the NATO bombing of Kosovo. Good riddance to bad Russians. For several years, as foreign minister and now prime minister, Primakov has been beating the drums for his friend, the butcher of Belgrade, Slobodan Milosevic. Nothing Milosevic does -- no matter how many Bosnian Muslims died before or Kosovar Albanians are dying now -- seems to quell Russian enthusiasm and support for him, even though the Serbs were clearly the initial aggressor in the formerly autonomous province of "greater Serbia." Russians consider the Serbs their ethnic cousins, tracing a common Slavic heritage back through the centuries. That alliance was strengthened during World War II, when the Russians helped Serbian partisans fight the pro-German puppet government of Croatia. So it was no great surprise to the Clinton administration when Primakov's party, en route to America to beg for billions of dollars in support of Russia's helplessly corrupt economy, turned the plane around to express their anger at the bombing. Milosevic had been given plenty of warning. He was warned that if he did not sign the Kosovo peace accord negotiated in France, which the Kosovar rebels signed, and if he continued to kill ethnic Albanians there, NATO would retaliate. But Milosevic was counting on Russian displeasure to stall the negotiations long enough for his troops to complete their bloody rampage through Kosovo. It would not have been without precedent. Primakov successfully and secretly threatened Clinton and our Western allies into abandoning the bombing option last October, according to knowledgeable intelligence sources. These sources told our associate Dale Van Atta that Primakov threatened to break the arms embargo to Serbia if America started bombing. He also threatened to suspend Russia's cooperation with NATO and vowed to withdraw Russian peacekeeping troops from Bosnia. PAGE 32 The Deseret News (Salt Lake City, UT) April 4, 1999, Sunday Clinton buckled under this threat. But now, four months and a couple Serbian massacres later, he finally took a long-overdue stand against Milosevic's aggression. True to Primakov's earlier threat, the Russian ambassador to NATO has been recalled, some cooperation suspended, and noises made about withdrawing Bosnian peacekeeping forces. CIA satellites and U.S. agents on the ground are now keeping close watch for the potential "underground" increase of Russian arms to Serbian troops. Kowtowing to Primakov and his threats is bad business for America. For one thing, there is truly little Russia can do politically or militarily (except with strategic nuclear weapons) to back up its bluster. Primakov, after all, was on his way to Washington to beg for money for Russia's incredibly bankrupt economy. Further, capitulation to Primakov would rarely serve U.S. interests. He is, at bottom, anti-West, as many of his past actions prove. During his years as foreign minister, Primakov may not have brought back the Cold War, but he did bring on a competitive cold peace. "Primakov's path for Russia is one of nurturing geopolitical tensions, imperial grudges, and as-yet-unfulfilled great power ambitions," avers Ariel Cohen, a Russia expert with the Heritage Foundation. As foreign minister, he also fought tirelessly against the expansion of NATO to include old Soviet client states like Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. While Primakov lost that ground, he managed to win a NATO-Russia partnership agreement, which has allowed him to insert Russian intelligence officers at NATO headquarters to scoop up Western military secrets. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: April 4, 1999 PAGE 33 LEVEL 1 - 6 OF 13 STORIES Content and programming copyright 1999 Cable News Network Transcribed under license by Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. Formatting copyright 1999 Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to Cable News Network. This transcript may not be copied or resold in any media. CNN SHOW: CNN TODAY 13:00 pm ET March 30, 1999; Tuesday 2:01 pm Eastern Time Transcript # 99033004V13 TYPE: LIVE REPORT SECTION: News; Domestic LENGTH: 410 words HEADLINE: Strike Against Yugoslavia: Clinton Issues Stern Warning to Milosevic BYLINE: Natalie Allen, Wolf Blitzer HIGHLIGHT: President Clinton used some strong language today, making it personal against Yugoslavia's president, Slobodan Milosevic, accusing him of only pretending to negotiate in France with the Kosovar Albanians while he was planning another military campaign against the Kosovars. Mr. Clinton, going further, insisting that what is unfolding right now is not only a human tragedy but is ethnic cleansing in its purest form. BODY: THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. NATALIE ALLEN, CNN ANCHOR: We expect a Pentagon briefing to begin at any moment. We'll bring that to you. While we wait, CNN's Wolf Blitzer at the White House with more on President Clinton's latest comments -- Wolf. WOLF BLITZER, CNN SENIOR WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT: Natalie, President Clinton, as seen here live only a few minute ago on CNN, used some strong words, making it personal against Yugoslavia's president, Slobodan Milosevic, accusing him of only pretending to negotiate in France with the Kosovar Albanians while he was planning another military campaign against the Kosovars. Mr. Clinton, going further, insisting that what is unfolding right now is not only a human tragedy but is ethnic cleansing in its purest form. The president also issued another stern warning to Yugoslavia. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) PAGE 34 CNN TODAY, March 30, 1999 WILLIAM J. CLINTON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: The NATO air campaign is designed to raise the price of that policy. Today, he faces the mounting costs of his continued aggression. For a sustained period, he will see that his military will be seriously diminished, key military infrastructure destroyed, the prospect of international support for Serbia's claim to Kosovo increasingly jeopardized. We must remain steady and determined with the will to see this through. (END VIDEO CLIP) BLITZER: First clear signal from President Clinton that he is raising the possibility of moving away from the longstanding U.S. position, maintaining Kosovo being part of the Yugoslav Federation. That position was held firmly by the U.S. and the other members of the so-called "Contact Group" during those negotiations in France, but now President Clinton directly putting the onus, the burden on the Yugoslav government of President Milosevic, that if this policy in Kosovo continues that prospect of Kosovo moving away from its status, moving towards an independent status, of course becomes all the more real. The position here at the White House, also, is unfolding as far as the air campaign. Right now, the NATO allies are in phase two, but increasingly we are hearing they are moving toward what is called "phase three," closer support, closer attacks against Serb positions on the ground in Kosovo. Natalie? ALLEN: Wolf Blitzer at the White House. TO PURCHASE A VIDEOTAPE OF THIS PIECE, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 30, 1999 PAGE 35 LEVEL 1 - 7 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 The New York Times Company The New York Times March 28, 1999, Sunday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section 1; Page 18; Column 6; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 469 words HEADLINE: CONFLICT IN THE BALKANS: IN ALBANIA; Refugees Bring Hundred Tales Of Serb Terror BYLINE: AP DATELINE: MORINI, Albania, March 27 BODY: Thousands of ethnic Albanians fleeing Kosovo today told of roundups, forced expulsions and other brutal treatment by the Serbs. A line of refugees stretched for a mile across the Albanian border at Morini, watched by about 10 Yugoslav Army soldiers holding machine guns. Many of the 5,000 refugees -- including barefoot women, pregnant women and mothers holding children's hands -- were weeping. Western officials said unconfirmed reports appeared to point to a savage new campaign of "ethnic cleansing" that has intensified since NATO attacks began on Wednesday. The reports of atrocities have been impossible to confirm because monitors and most foreign reporters left Kosovo last week under increasing threats to their security. Yet the weight of testimony by refugees pointed to a swelling humanitarian crisis. The refugees said tens of thousands more were following them, while Albania's Information Minister, Musa Uliqini, said on local television late tonight that as many as 50,000 could cross the border in coming days. "They told us there's no more place for Albanians in Kosovo," said Yakup Bytici, 13, from Zojs, a village in western Kosovo. In Tirana, Albania's capital, the Government said 20,000 refugees had arrived by late today, mostly women and children from villages around Prizren, the biggest town in southwestern Kosovo. Many refugees said they had seen the bodies of about 20 people killed in Landovic. None of the refugees interviewed outside Kosovo's borders Saturday said they had witnessed killings. The Albanian Government accused the Serbian police and military gangs of "harassing and eliminating" well-known Kosovars, saying intellectuals and political leaders were missing, including members of the Kosovo delegation at peace talks in France. PAGE 36 The New York Times, March 28, 1999 The Kosovars crossing at Morini, 15 miles northeast of the Albanian town of Kukes, said they didn't know where they would go. Albanian villagers stood by the road offering to take them in. But the area around Kukes, which has promised to accept 3,000 refugees, was likely to be overwhelmed by the influx. Thousands of Kosovo Albanians already arrived during fighting in the province last year. The refugees reported heavy fighting in recent days and said they had passed six burning villages on their way out. The first group to arrive here described a tumultuous two days starting with a Serbian attack on their village on Thursday. They said that they had fled to the mountains, but that on Friday, Serbian forces sprayed the area with bullets, found 400 to 500 people and took them down to the village. Women and children were separated from the men; later all but four or five of the men were returned, they said. They were bused to near the Albanian border this morning, and they walked across into Albania. http://www.nytimes.com LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 28, 1999 PAGE 37 LEVEL 1 - 8 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 MacNeil/Lehrer Productions The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer March 15, 1999, Monday Transcript #6384 LENGTH: 8343 words HEADLINE: Newsmaker; Welfare to Work; Dialogue; Loyal to the Bone BYLINE: ANCHOR: ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH; GUESTS: SEN. TRENT LOTT, Majority Leader; KEVIN PHILLIPS, Author, "The Cousins' War" CORRESPONDENTS: MARGARET WARNER; DAVID GERGEN; ELIZABETH BRACKETT; ROGER ROSENBLATT; PHIL PONCE BODY: ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Good evening. I'm Elizabeth Farnsworth. Jim Lehrer is away. On the NewsHour tonight, Margaret Warner interviews Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott about Kosovo, nuclear secrets, and more; Elizabeth Brackett reports on welfare reform in Illinois; David Gergen talks to Kevin Phillips about a new book on the triumph of Anglo-America; and Essayist Roger Rosenblatt considers loyalty. It all follows our summary of the news this Monday. NEWS SUMMARY ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Kosovar Albanians said today they were "ready to sign" a peace deal. They said they hoped to sign it tomorrow. The word came as Kosovar and Serbian negotiators met again in France. The Kosovars agreed to a two- part plan, which will give them autonomy, and provide for a NATO peacekeeping operation in the province. The Serbs have opposed military intervention, and did not acknowledge today's announcement. Western powers have said if the Kosovars sign, the pressure would mount on the Serbs to make peace or suffer NATO air strikes. President Clinton reiterated that position today. He met with NATO Secretary-General Javier Solana at the White House. They spoke to reporters at a picture-taking session. Mr. Clinton was asked whether he thought Yugoslav President Milosevic would agree to a truce. PRESIDENT CLINTON: I think it's clearly the right thing to do. From his point of view, I think it's the best chance to preserve the integrity of Serbia and to avoid economic and other adversity. So I would hope that he would do that. REPORTER: Is it a certainty that NATO will strike Serbs if Milosevic does not sign? PRESIDENT CLINTON: Well, all I can tell you is I think we have a clear statement out there about what our policy is. And if he shows intransigence and aggression, I think that from my point of view we would have little option. ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott said today in a NewsHour interview the Senate will try to impose conditions on U.S. participation in a NATO peacekeeping force in Kosovo. But he acknowledged that "the votes are probably not there" to block the President's plans. We'll have the Lott interview right after the News Summary. In Kosovo today, the fighting continued in spite of the news from France. We have more from Bill Neely of PAGE 38 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 Independent Television News. BILLY NEELY, Independent Television News: The cost of Kosovo's conflict was measured in coffins today, as the victims of the weekend's three bombings were buried. On a rocky hillside, another atrocity: Two 15-year-old boys and two men lay dead, killed, says the sole survivor, by Serbian police. They were ambushed while cutting wood. The real fear is that the violence is now spreading quickly across the land in between. -- [machine gun fire] -- and it did today, Serbian troops moving into areas not occupied before, bombarding villages where this morning, they say, rebels attacked them with automatic weapons. The conflict is intensifying. Serbia is reinforcing its troops here, artillery fire lighting up the evening sky, the fires from villages the night sky, fires across Kosovo that will not easily be put out. ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: In Turkey, Kurdish rebels declared war on tourists today. The Kurdistan Workers Party issued a statement saying attacks on tourist sites will escalate until the Government releases the party's leader, Abdullah Ocalan. The group has been blamed for several bombings since the rebel leader's capture last month. Thirteen people died over the weekend when an Istanbul department store was set ablaze. The rebels have vowed to continue their 15-year fight for autonomy from Turkey. And back in this country, major charges were dropped today against a Marine navigator for last year's cable car accident in Italy. Captain Joseph Schweitzer will not be tried for involuntary manslaughter or negligent homicide, his lawyer said. Schweitzer was the navigator when a Marine jet severed a ski gondola's cables, killing 20 people. The pilot of the jet was found not guilty of similar charges in a court martial two weeks ago. Both still face obstruction of justice charges. And on Wall Street today, the Dow Jones Industrial Average reached another record high, but fell short of the 10000 mark. It rose 82 points to end at 9959. The NASDAQ Composite Index also rose 50 points to 2431. A winter storm pummeled the East Coast today with heavy snow, sleet, and freezing rain. Up to a foot of snow fell in parts of New England and the mid-Atlantic. Nearly 150 flights were canceled at Boston's Logan Airport. The storm knocked out power to 75,000 people in the Philadelphia area and shut down schools from Virginia to Maine. Senator John Chafee of Rhode Island announced today he'll retire. The 76-year-old Republican said he will not pursue a fifth term in 2000. He was first elected in 1976. Chafee is considered a liberal Republican. He was one of five Republicans who voted against convicting President Clinton on both articles of impeachment. And that's it for the News Summary tonight. Now it's on to Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, welfare reform in Illinois, a David Gergen dialogue, and a Roger Rosenblatt essay. NEWSMAKER ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: The Trent Lott interview is first tonight. Two weeks ago we spoke with Senate Minority Leader Tom Daschle. Margaret Warner talked with the Senate Majority Leader this morning at the Capitol. MARGARET WARNER: Thanks for being with us, Senator Lott. SEN. TRENT LOTT: Thank you, Margaret. MARGARET WARNER: Just a couple hours ago, the White House announced that the Kosovar Albanians say they're ready to sign this peace agreement in Paris. Now they say the pressure is going to be on the Serbs. As you know, the President PAGE 39 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 has essentially committed the United States to one of two things: Either to help NATO put in a peacekeeping force to enforce an agreement if the Serbs agree, or to bomb Serbia if Serbia doesn't agree. Do you support either of those options? SEN. TRENT LOTT: Well, I think we should proceed with some degree of caution, and I think the President needs to do a better job in explaining to the Congress and the American people what is our national security interest in Kosovo. We've got to ask ourselves a lot of questions. What are going to be the rules of engagement if we do put troops in there? What is the exit strategy? How will that work? How will this be paid for? It's estimated it will cost $2 billion a year if we have ground troops in Kosovo. That can't come out of the Social Security Trust Fund. It's got to be paid for. It's got to be offset some way. The administration has not answered that question. So there are some really fundamental questions we need to ask ourselves in the Congress and ask the administration. The administration needs to answer these questions before we could get into what we would do. I want to work with the administration. This is a critical area. We don't want slaughter come spring. We do want to work with our NATO allies. But to go quickly to bombing in order to force an agreement to have troops on the ground before a number of questions are answered, I have problems with that right now. MARGARET WARNER: Is the Senate this week going to try, though, to put any limits really on the President's options, either the bombing option or, which has been more talked about, the option of putting 4,000 U.S. troops in as peace keepers? SEN. TRENT LOTT: The Senate will have a debate on this issue, and I think we should. We should not allow this administration or any administration to initiate this type of activity without advising Congress, without congressional input. And I think it's legitimate we have a debate. I believe that Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison and others -- I think it will probably be bipartisan -- will want to have some conditions that will need to be met, questions that will need to be answered. That will be debated and voted on. I think it's legitimate that we have these debates and that we have these conditions in place. MARGARET WARNER: Will these be conditions that put any real practical limitations on the President's ability to do this? SEN. TRENT LOTT: I don't think the Congress is going to be inclined, as you saw just a few days ago in the House, to say to the administration, "You cannot put U.S. troops into a NATO operation where there are small numbers." The votes are probably not there to put that kind of limitation. Of course, Congress still has the power of the purse. If the action is taken improperly or without consulting adequately with the Congress, funds could be withheld. But Congress is hesitant to do that. But to the average American out there in Arizona or in New York or in Mississippi, I'm not sure they understand why we would want to bomb Serbia and put ground troops into Kosovo. And so a lot of work has yet to be done. MARGARET WARNER: Let's turn to another foreign policy issue in which Republicans have been very critical of the President, too, and this is this nuclear spying, China nuclear spying controversy. Last week after a lot of Republican criticism, the President, Energy Secretary Richardson, and the National Security Advisor Sandy Berger all came forward and said, we did take steps. You know, we tightened security at the labs. We cut off the suspect's PAGE 40 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 access to classified information. Have you been reassured at all by what you've heard in the last few days from the administration? SEN. TRENT LOTT: I have not been reassured by what I've heard the from the administration. As a matter of fact, it's raised more questions in my mind. I thought it was really humorous if it weren't so serious, that they tried to say, "Oh, this was done back in the Reagan administration." It's been - MARGARET WARNER: The original spying? SEN. TRENT LOTT: Yes. But it's been on their watch for six -- over six years. And I watched Secretary Richardson on one of the Sunday talk shows. I felt like he was really struggling to try to answer the questions about what is happening now. I thought National Security Advisor Berger was awfully defensive, but having said that, what we need is answers. What has happened? Why wasn't more done sooner? Why don't we declassify, and make available to the Congress and the public what is in the Cox Report, the Chris Cox, California Report that has done some work in this area? What I really want is answers. And then most important, what are we doing about it? What are we going to do about it? This is dangerous. MARGARET WARNER: All right. So what is Congress or the Senate going to do about it? SEN. TRENT LOTT: Well, I believe that Chairman Cox and others in the House are going to work with the administration, try to declassify and get this information that they have out in the Senate. MARGARET WARNER: Just to explain, we're talking about this bipartisan report - SEN. TRENT LOTT: Bipartisan. MARGARET WARNER: -- that they came up with in December but has been classified since then while they negotiate all this. SEN. TRENT LOTT: Right, right. And then in the Senate there will be meetings and hearings this week by the Senate Intelligence Committee with Secretary Richardson. I believe the FBI is going to brief them. I hope to be able to attend at least part of those meetings myself to try to get some answers. And then we can decide what action to take based on what we find out if, in fact, legislative action is required. MARGARET WARNER: Are these hearings going to be opened or closed? SEN. TRENT LOTT: I believe they will be closed, although I have urged the Chairman, Chairman Shelby of Alabama, to have some open hearing, as much as he can. But the most important thing is to get the answers, and if it has to be in closed meeting because of intelligence risks, then you just have to do that. But I think the American people need to know the seriousness of this. And they need to know that we're going after it seriously, and then we need to be able to take some actions. MARGARET WARNER: This past weekend, a couple of major foreign policy figures with long-time times to Republicans, Henry Kissinger, Former Secretary of State; Robert Gates, Former head of the CIA, have both written or said that, look, PAGE 41 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 it's naive to think that the Chinese don't spy on us or we don't spy on them; that is part of a modern relationship with another major power, and that it really shouldn't affect the broader relationship between the two countries. Do you agree with that? SEN. TRENT LOTT: Well, I understand what they're saying. But in the case of China, they have been trying to get our technology, military technology, nuclear weapon technology. Their trading policies are predatory. They're targeted. I don't think they're trading with us fairly. Their human rights policies have not been getting better, even though the President went over there and went all over China. They got worse, either while he was there or immediately thereafter. The pattern with regard to China is troublesome. We had this policy of engagement. And they have a policy of take advantage of this engagement. MARGARET WARNER: But are you suggesting then that the administration should pull back on the policy of engagement say in the area of trade? SEN. TRENT LOTT: I think we should stay involved in engagement. That's my own view. But I think we need to do it in a way with greater strength to say, you know, you are not going to be able to unfairly take advantage of our trade policies. You cannot continue to try to steal from us in a way that is going to cause great alarm or great loss militarily. You must deal with human rights policy. I think to stay engaged is one thing, but to become a sycophant, to just accept conduct which the American people do not accept has got to stop. MARGARET WARNER: Again, in practical terms, what really can Congress make the administration do? You've got Zhu Rongji, the Chinese premier, is coming here in April for instance. I mean, what specifically do you really want to see the administration do? SEN. TRENT LOTT: I think the Congress during that time when he's here can express our concern, in fact, our alarm at a number of areas from human rights to trade to national security interests. But I think also the Congress can take specific actions to deal with some of these problems -- just one example: If they need more funds for counterintelligence, activities at Los Alamos, let's provide that. In fact, let's require that. So there are some legislative actions or some financing things that we can do. In the area of trade, you know, they do get Most Favored Nation status. I have supported that in the past. MARGARET WARNER: And many other Republicans. SEN. TRENT LOTT: But I mean, there - you know -- there can be a limit. MARGARET WARNER: But are you saying now that, for instance, you would oppose Most Favored Nation status? SEN. TRENT LOTT: No. I'm not saying that, but I'm saying that we should raise questions and we should not put that off the table. If you have a full debate and if you feel like they are taking advantage of it and there is enough cause for concern there, then you do change your position. I'm not threatening that, but I have struggled with it every year. MARGARET WARNER: Is this a coincidence that these two very hot issues right now, Kosovo and China, are sort of on the table and are points of contention between the Republican Leadership and the White House, or is there a feeling PAGE 42 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 among Republicans that just national security in general was really a pretty potent political issue for Republicans against this administration? SEN. TRENT LOTT: I think to a degree it's coincidence. But I must say that this administration is skating very close to the edge in terms of confidence in the Congress, and I think the American people, in the actions that they have been taking in foreign policy. There are questions now about why are we bombing in Iraq every day? What did we get for that last bombing situation that cost about $1.6 billion? Why are we getting so spread all over the world where we have to be the policemen of the world or the nanny of the world? And also I think it's important to add that there is bipartisan concern about a number of these areas. There are a lot of Democrats that are concerned about this loss of technology and now the intelligence that we're losing and the information that was obtained from Los Alamos. So I don't think it's just partisanship. I think it's legitimate national security interest. And I think the American people would say to us, and are already saying to us, Hey, Congress, why aren't you doing more? We have a co-equal responsibility. And we're trying to fulfill that. MARGARET WARNER: Do you think there's any or is there any post-impeachment residue in the relationship between Republicans and the President that is affecting the debate on these issues or others? It's been a month now since the impeachment. SEN. TRENT LOTT: I think in the Senate, and that's the one I deal the closest with, there is a positive residue from the experience we had, and there has been bipartisan cooperation on bills involving our soldiers and sailors, education, and now even missile defense. We've been passing bills by overwhelming majorities. With regard to the administration, I think there that there is still a degree of concern and worry about just how much we can trust this President. I think with regard to my own situation, I'm looking at the President and I'm wondering, has he made the choice? He is at a fork in the road. Is he going to go down the road of trying to get things done from Medicare reform to Social Security reform to budget agreements, or is he going to go down the road of confrontation, try to work on taking control of the House or to just work to support Al Gore? I can't tell if he's made a decision. MARGARET WARNER: Well, when you say there's a question of whether you can trust him, how does that affect the way -- do you think that's going to get in the way of, for instance, coming to some deal on the Medicare, Social Security, tax cut, budget issue? SEN. TRENT LOTT: Well, the Medicare is real simple. It comes to a head this very week. We set that Medicare Commission up to try to come up with some reform ideas. We also set it up that it took a super majority, 11 of the 17, to make a recommendation. For weeks now, all of the Republicans, eight of them, plus two Democrats, the chairman, John Breaux, and Bob Kerrey, ten total have been supporting a reform idea that John Breaux came up with. It's innovative. It will help address the long-term needs of Medicare. But not one of the President's appointees, not one of the four had been willing to engage with those ten. And so this week it may collapse. And so I would call on the President, show your good faith, Mr. President; engage now. You have two days left to save the Medicare Commission. If they collapse, then John Breaux and the Senate Finance Committee will try to move Medicare reform, but it's a signal to me that apparently he's going to try to politicize Medicare instead of produce real reform. But we will know this week. PAGE 43 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 MARGARET WARNER: All right, well, thank you very much Senator Lott. SEN. TRENT LOTT: Thank you, Margaret. FOCUS - WELFARE TO WORK ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Now, how welfare reform is working in Illinois. Elizabeth Brackett of WTTW-Chicago reports. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Officials in the state of Illinois are bragging about people like Yavanous Jackson. Jackson was on welfare for over five years. But now she's earning almost $8 an hour working at the post office. YAVANOUS JACKSON: It made a big difference because, I mean, when I was on public assistance, I only received a certain amount and I had to like really budget. I couldn't do the things I wanted to do for the children and for myself, so I have a job now so I can do more things for myself. I have extra money to do the things they like to do and what I like to do. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Despite the challenges of finding transportation and good day care for her two children, Jackson says her life is better now that she's working. YAVANOUS JACKSON: Sometimes it was to the point where I couldn't like, where -- where am I going to get the money to pay for this and where am I going to get the money to pay for that? But now I don't have to think like that any more. I know that I'll go to work everyday. When my rent is due, I have to pay when my rent is due. I mean, I have a phone bill I can pay that. I can pay all my expenses and still have some money left. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Jackson is one of 3.8 million Americans who have left the rolls since President Clinton signed the welfare reform bill in 1996. Aid to Families with Dependent Children -- or AFDC, became temporary assistance for needy families -- or TANF. The new program sets a five-year time limit for benefits. In Illinois, about 25 percent of its recipients have left the rolls since the state implemented its welfare to work program. Howard Peters heads Illinois' Department of Human Services or DHS. HOWARD PETERS: I think Illinois has done very well. The goal was to help independency and help parents move towards self-sufficiency and greater independence, put them in a better position to care for their children. And I think it has gone very well. Over 45,000 families have worked their way off of welfare, and in Illinois when we talk about working your way off welfare, we're talking about a family earning at least three times as much as they would have if they were just taking a welfare check. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: In Illinois, when welfare recipients start working, their assistance checks are supposed to be cut only $1 for every $3 they earn. Under the old system they lost dollar for dollar. Illinois also is unusual in that it stops the five-year time limit clock and the state picks up the tab for clients who work at least 25 hours a week. So the Department says that -- in addition PAGE 44 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 to those who have left the rolls - 40 percent of TANF clients are working their way off welfare. John Boaman is an attorney who represents people on welfare. He agrees that there's been an impressive exodus from the welfare rolls, but he says more families lose their benefits for disciplinary reasons than because they have found work. JOHN BOAMAN: Every month, there is a nice number of people who are cut off of benefits because of employment. They've worked their way all the way off welfare. On the other hand, though, you've got what are called administrative terminations that are two times more every month than the terminations for employment. Those are just flat out cut-offs, without really any warning. There is a notice that goes out, but without the sanction and good cause process. That is being increasingly used by case workers I think as a shortcut for -- to achieve case load reduction. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: According to Illinois' own figures, 4,680 cases were canceled last December because the family was earning income. But more than 8,000 cases were canceled the same month because of non-compliance. Advocates for the homeless say increasing numbers of those cases wind up in a homeless shelter like this one. Pamela Grimes and her three children had been in this city-run shelter for women and families for a month when we saw them. Grimes said her benefits were cut when she failed to show up at a job training program arranged by her caseworker. PAMELA GRIMES: I had told her that my mother had got sick and I didn't have nobody to keep my children because she had got sick. She had told me I'd be cut off. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: What did she say when you told her that your mother had gotten sick? PAMELA GRIMES: She said, well try to get somebody else to keep them. I said, but I don't have anybody else to keep them. She said well you will be cut off -- and I am. I am cut off. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: So when that happened, you could no longer pay rent? PAMELA GRIMES: Nope, and I got evicted from my property. That is why I'm here at the shelter. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Secretary Peters says that's not the way the system is supposed to work. SECRETARY PETERS: There's a whole series of opportunities for a person to reconcile, eliminate the problem before they ever get into sanction or getting off welfare. Now if they absolutely refuse, and in America people have a free will, we're talking about adults who can say, I don't want to go to treatment, I don't want to go to training, I'm not doing it, either send me free money with no obligations, or I'm out. Well, we're not going to send people free money without obligation because good things don't happen as a result of that. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Good things have not happened to Mary Ricks and her three children. They too were at the people reaching out shelter when we spoke with them. Ricks lost her benefits when she failed to comply with strict work requirements for those with older children. Ricks' seventeen-year-old PAGE 45 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 daughter, Shastidy, says her mom has tried her best to support the family--and that DHS should be a little more understanding. SHASTIDY: All I can say is that people make a lot of judgments on how other people have done things before. And I'm not trying to give excuses for the people, because you know there are people that manage to cheat the system. But I think every case is different and when I mean they come to you and they have proof that this is where we stay, we don't have an apartment of our own-I think depending on the circumstances, they should be a little bit more lenient. It shouldn't have to be that way, but they are. A lot of those people my mother tells me, they are mean and they yell at you and they don't know how to compromise. And it's hard when everything in your life is compromised. SPOKESPERSON: This woman is homeless because she tried; she couldn't make it. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: This group of shelter operators were being trained by the Coalition for the Homeless to respond to a national survey to determine how many of their clients had been on welfare. SPOKESPERSON: I know exactly where they're going, and that's why we want to do the survey, so we can say, you know, whatever happened to people moving off rolls; they're becoming homeless; we want to have the evidence to show that. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Jim Lewis, a researcher for the Urban League, says there's strong evidence to suggest that there are more people living in poverty as a result of welfare reform. JIM LEWIS: I think there is a question there on a national level whether the welfare reform process--because it in part it took those benefits away from people and some of those people who went into jobs didn't hold them and some of them may have gotten jobs ultimately that pay less than their benefits would have been. There are more people potentially in poverty now than ever before. If you measure this in terms of the general interest being lifting people out of poverty, at this moment the numbers are less favorable. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: One reason the numbers look less favorable is that many former recipients first enter the work force just making the minimum wage -- and they often lose those jobs within the first few months. That happened to 23 year old Tamara Rufus. She has had three minimum wage jobs, all lasting less than a month, since she began trying to work her way off welfare. Trying to find child care for her six year old daughter often tripped her up. TAMARA RUFUS: At that time, I didn't know nobody in this complex at all, so when I was working there, I would have to leave here, go way to my Mom's house, drop her off, come way back over here, go to work, go way back to my Mom's PAGE 46 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 house, pick her up, way back here and come home. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: So how long did that last? TAMARA RUFUS: Like I said, that wasn't even a whole -- about 5-6 weeks. Not even too long. I got three checks I think. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Rufus hopes to break the cycle of going from one low-wage job to the next with the help of Project Match, a privately funded welfare-to-work program. Project Director Toby Herr says they have learned that many welfare recipients need a great deal of individualized support as they try- and often fail- to hold on to jobs. TOBY HERR: I would say what we do best, is what we call reemployment -- that is when someone loses a job, getting them back in here fast, talking to them, not treating it as a major failure, just treating it as a learning experience and getting them back out in the work force fast. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: It was working for Rufus when we followed her. She had found more stable child care and was making the hour and a half commute to a training program for reservations agents run by Marriott Hotels. The training program pays $7.15 an hour with good chance for advancement. Rufus say she couldn't have done it without help from Project Match and she worries about recipients who only have DHS caseworkers to help them. TAMARA RUFUS: I pray for them and their kids, because it's hard, it's real hard. I mean, it's not so much hard as getting out there, finding the jobs. I mean--when you're under that much pressure, knowing that you have kids to take care of, that you have bills to take care of, that you know without you, your household is nothing. I mean, that's a lot of stress on you. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Cases like Rufus's have so impressed DHS that it is looking at a program designed by Project Match called Pathways as a potential model for hard to serve clients. SPOKESMAN: A model that really helps prepare these parents for work before they're sent out on a job; and that's really the strength of what we're buying into, that it's a really intense, kind of, encounter group effort that really causes a parent to look at his or her situation and figure out what I need to do in order to advance to the next step. SPOKESPERSON: Every month, we're going to go through the diaries that are in front of you. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: At this first Pathways meeting for the Department of Human Services, clients are asked to lay out their goals. The philosophy behind the program is that there are different pathways to ultimately entering the work force. PAGE 47 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 WOMAN: OK, but, say I can't -- I can't really plan really this month because I found out my daughter is asthmatic. So? TOBY: The plan will be what you have to do with her for her asthma. That's the plan then. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: Whatever the plan, clients will be closely monitored along the way. SPOKESPERSON: In this system what we're saying is taking kids to activities, being on the Policy Committee at a Head Start, volunteering at your kids school, even getting your kids to scouts -- all of those things count. And they're steps along the way. You don't do them forever, but you do them to help you stabilize, to help you get organized, to help you build confidence and then you just keep moving on to the next step. ELIZABETH BRACKETT: And with the clock ticking on recipients' five-year time limit to receive benefits, welfare officials will continue to look for innovative approaches that get the hard core clients off the rolls and on the road to self sufficiency. ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Still to come on the NewsHour tonight, a Gergen dialogue, and an essay on loyalty. ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Next, a Gergen dialogue. David Gergen engages author and political analyst Kevin Phillips. His new book is "The Cousins' War: Religion, Politics, and the triumph of Anglo-America." DAVID GERGEN: Kevin, you began this project by trying to write a book about Saratoga, the turning point in the American Revolution, and then you expanded and expanded your focus, and you decided to write not only about the American Revolution, but the British Civil War, and then later on the American Civil War, three wars covering three centuries. KEVIN PHILLIPS, Author, "The Cousins' War:" Well, I had two views of them. The first is that they were the principal civil wars of the English-speaking peoples: The American Civil War, the American Revolution, and the English Civil War in the 1640's. But beyond that, for somebody with my political background, they were the first emerging Republican majorities. Now, that's the book I wrote more than 30 years ago about the politics of the 1960's. But the first emerging Republican majority was the one in 1860 with Abraham Lincoln, capital "R" Republican. Then you go back to the emerging republican small "r" majority of 1776 and then to the first English-speaking republican majority, very brief, in the English Civil War, and there was a real lineage, and by the time I'm getting into the real lineage, I'm hooked. DAVID GERGEN: Okay. Well, now, tell us what the lineage is, because you clearly believe the three wars are connected, and they've had an enormous impact upon history, not only in this country, but upon world history. KEVIN PHILLIPS: Well, they're related in a lot of ways, but they're especially related in certain functions and alignments. They shared constituencies. The prevailing force in each of these civil wars can be traced from the Southeast of England, the people who supported parliament and the Puritans against the king in the English Civil War, then over to the new PAGE 48 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 world. DAVID GERGEN: This is Cromwell's people? KEVIN PHILLIPS: Yes, that's right. DAVID GERGEN: They came out of East Anglia - KEVIN PHILLIPS: They came out of East Anglia, and a lot of their cousins had already left and gone to New England. Then you had in the American Revolution the real key to the fighting. The beginning of the tension and the hostility was in New England, more than in Virginia, which came a bit later. And then in the American Civil War, it was a war again where the Republican Party was led by Greater New England. The slavery issue had mobilized, essentially, the Yankees much more than anybody else. Now, at the same time as you had this phenomenon, this ancestry that they shared, what you had on each of the winning sides in these wars was that victory went to the side that represented commerce, that represented the middle class, that was pushing for "liberty," that was low church as opposed to high church, and that really had more of a vision of the future and wanted to step out of the feudalism, whether it was the feudalism of the 17th century or the mercantilist system of the 18th or the slaveocracy and plantation system of the 19th. So luckily for us, out of each of these wars, the winning side created a forward motion, and created something that differentiated the English-speaking peoples from the continent of Europe, which was much more authoritarian, high church, much less flexible, much less experimenting. And the English-speaking peoples picked up the marbles. DAVID GERGEN: And they were also much more dedicated toward freedom, toward political freedom, toward personal freedom. KEVIN PHILLIPS: Political freedom, and, in the end, religious freedom, because you had so many brands of Protestantism competing that in the end, they couldn't stick with a state church. I mean, the British have one now, but it's very nominal. But in the United States, the competition of Protestantism made for religious freedom, and as a result, the English-speaking peoples have those two beacons, political and religious freedom. DAVID GERGEN: Talk a bit more about the religious connection, because you pointed out in your book that you think there's a triangle here between war, religion, and politics. KEVIN PHILLIPS: Absolutely, because war was something that was almost second nature in the Europe of the Reformation and the Counterreformation. And what they were fighting over, whether it was in Spain or the Mediterranean or wherever, they were fighting over religion -- Protestants versus Catholics, and sometimes variations on Protestantism. And as a result, the politics was religion, the war was over the politics of religion, and it really was a triangle. And a lot of the historians will say that it's actually hard to go in and make the differentiations that the 20th century wants to separate politics and religion and then to separate the rationales and reasons for war from religion, because it was just so much assumed back then that it all rolled together. DAVID GERGEN: But there was a lineage, a common lineage on the religious side that went from the English Civil War of the 1640's, the kinds of people, the PAGE 49 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 kind of approach they brought to religion, that there was a common lineage down to the American Revolution. KEVIN PHILLIPS: Absolutely. The divisions in the American Revolution, even though it was 130 years later, followed the same basic alignments of the English Revolution, which is to say you had a variation of the Puritans and the low-church Anglicans against the High-Church Anglicans, and that was the basic framework of the English Civil War. And you had it again in the American Revolution. The High-Church Anglicans were the Tories in the colonies and the bulwark of the war over in England. The Country Party, low-church Anglicans were the Virginians, and the Puritans were the Yankees up in New England. And once you understand that, you really get a major key to understanding the divisions within the American Revolution and how it was a civil war. It was a fighting civil war on our side of the Atlantic, but it was a bitter political war within Parliament and in petition drives over in the United Kingdom. DAVID GERGEN: Did it also make this country more egalitarian, and also more of a populist nation? KEVIN PHILLIPS: This, in my opinion, is the secret not just of the American Revolution, but of the success of the English-speaking peoples, because whereas none of the other major political, linguistic blocks in Europe were capable of doing this, the English would basically let their colonies be settled by dissenters and political troublemakers, and as a result, a major component in the American Revolution was the restiveness of the Puritans, of the Scottish and the Scotch- Irish dissenters, the Quakers and others, just a whole lot of people who were there because they were troublemakers, and they set up an American Republic, which was the country of the troublemakers, of the people who were left out, who had fled for religious freedom. And it became one magnet, and Britain was another magnet. It was a magnet for aristocracy, for imperialism, for maritime success around the world. And the two together swept an incredible dragnet because they appealed to two different centuries in many ways. The British controlled the imperial century, and America took over in the democratic century. DAVID GERGEN: The imperial century being the 19th? KEVIN PHILLIPS: Even the end of the 18th, because the British became top dog after the French and Indian War in 1763. DAVID GERGEN: The bottom line, then, is that these wars and their impact, the way they changed the politics and the religious framework in these two countries really had a dramatic change by the 20th century. KEVIN PHILLIPS: They were the central staircase, in my opinion, of the evolution of the English- speaking peoples -- politically, culturally, and religiously. And more than that, one of the things they did in the 19th century, which had an enormous influence on the 20th century, is they removed populations from Europe and changed their politics. If the English had never been able to squeeze troublemakers out of the British Isles, they would have had a Parliament in 1914 that would have been 35 or 40 percent Irish. They would have been up the creek without a paddle. But they probably never would have gotten that far, because the Irish and the Scots would have fought alongside the French or the Spanish, and England might have been blocked. Then we get to the 20th century, and we've got a situation in which huge numbers of Germans that could have PAGE 50 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 tipped the balance of power in Europe were there stretched out in this huge mass from Pennsylvania to the Great Plains, some of them still speaking German, and when they come into the wars in Europe, two of them, they're wearing khaki, and they're saying, "one, two, three, four," instead of "Eins, zwei, drei, vier," and that was just an enormous impact. DAVID GERGEN: Kevin Phillips, thank you very much. KEVIN PHILLIPS: Thanks. ESSAY - LOYAL TO THE BONE ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Finally tonight, essayist Roger Rosenblatt has some thoughts about loyalty. SPOKESMAN: Show me the money. [Laughing] ROGER ROSENBLATT: Everyone remembers "Jerry Maguire" for its creed to cash, "Show me the money," but the movie wasn't about getting rich; it was about loyalty. Cuba Gooding stayed loyal to Tom Cruise; Cruise stayed loyal to Gooding; Cruise and his girl stayed loyal to each other. And in the end, loyalty triumphed. That was the movies, of course, which are not to be confused with real and awful life, in which, recently, the New York Yankees traded David "Boomer" Wells to Toronto for Roger Clemens, in spite of the fact that "Boomer" pitched a perfect game last year for the Yanks, carried the club through the World Series, and, as a model of the lovable beer-drinking fat man, won the hearts of the fans. But Clemens, though a snarly SOB, is the best pitcher in baseball, with five Cy Young Awards, a 2.95 Lifetime ERA, five 20-game seasons, and 235 lifetime wins. And so, with hardly a "bye-bye, Boomer," the New York Press started panting, rolling over, and licking Clemens' pitching hand. Now, I don't expect anyone outside New York to care about the Yankees or Boomer Wells or Clemens or even baseball. This is hardly the first time in sports that a team has dumped a star, or a star a team. In the NBA, Shaquille O'Neal walked out on the Orlando Magic, and the New York Knicks said thanks to John Starks and Charles Oakley for years of excellence by trading them for a known felon. In hockey, the Great Wayne Gretsky has taken his greatness from place to place. It's the way of the world, but it's the way of the world I'm complaining about. Loyalty counts for nothing anymore. Well, it counts for a little. When the delightful Linda Tripp betrayed Monica, she was properly thought reprehensible. And when Hillary stood by her man-child, she was properly thought admirable. But these were low-pulse responses, fleeting and not deeply felt. Loyalty has simply vanished as an appreciated virtue. A long time ago, the Knights of the Round Table were loyal -- most of them -- to King Arthur. When Brutus stabbed Caesar, he got his "et tu" because such disloyalty was unthinkable. ACTOR: Et tu, Brute? ROGER ROSENBLATT: Today it would be a race to see if Brutus could stab Caesar before Caesar fired Brutus. Businesses dump employees. Authors dump publishers. Even the latest "Batman" movie saw a rift between the once-dynamic duo. In the modern culture, at the drop of a hat, Abbott would leave Costello; Ozzie, Harriet; Frankie, Johnny; George would walk out on Gracie. If someone showed her the money, Bonnie would plug Clyde -- [gunshots] -- which brings me to our family dog, Hector, a West Highland White Terrier of glossy coat and saintly disposition. Hector has enjoyed eight very productive seasons with us. Until I PAGE 51 The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, March 15, 1999 read of the Wells-for-Clemens deal, it would not have occurred to me to trade Hector for a more valuable dog. And dogs, being the very essence of loyalty, it would never occur to Hector that such a transaction were possible. Yet, there is a beagle down the street who is younger than Hector and who has a wicked slider, and a black Lab, a southpaw, who can do more tricks. Frankly, Hector's only trick is to answer to the name "Hector." You get the point. Of course, if I were willing to trade Hector, I'd also have to be willing to tempt the gods, just as the Yankees have. Last year with Boomer Wells, the Yankees won 125 games and were cited as one of the best baseball teams ever. Now they've messed with the lineup, and we'll see. The Yankees may know something about pitching arms, but they sure don't know a lot about mythology. But I do. And needless to say, I will not trade Hector. I would not trade Hector if you showed me all the money in the world. If I did, I would have to look into his eyes while he told me that he could not fathom why a creature of his proven excellence, devotion, lovability, and statistics could be discarded so cruelly. Then I would have to tell him that he was out of it, old-fashioned. And finally, I would have to explain to him that he was thinking like a dog -- decently, honorably, and loyal to the bone. I'm Roger Rosenblatt. ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Again, the major stories of this Monday: Kosovar Albanians said they would sign a peace deal tomorrow, as a second round of negotiations with Serbs resumed in France. Kurdish rebels in Turkey said they would wage war on tourists until their imprisoned leader is released. And the Dow Jones Industrial Average hit another record high, closing up 82 points at 9959. We'll be with you online and again here tomorrow evening. I'm Elizabeth Farnsworth. Thank you and good night. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 16, 1999 PAGE 52 LEVEL 1 - 9 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse February 24, 1999 20:42 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 332 words HEADLINE: Kosovo provisional government illegitimate: rebel leader BODY: PRISTINA, Yugoslavia, Feb 24 (AFP) - A provisional Kosovo government would have no legitimacy and no legal basis on which to represent the Serbian province's ethnic Albanians, the armed rebel movement's political chief said Wednesday. "The KLA and its political representative have not been consulted on the formation of a so-called provisional government," Adem Demaci, the political chief of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), said. An announcement that the ethnic Albanian delegation at the Kosovo peace talks in France had decided to form a "provisional government," headed by a KLA member, was made in Pristina earlier Wednesday. But this was simply "a weak individual attempt by people who made a fiasco of the failed peace talks (in Rambouillet)," Demaci argued. "This action is a provocation and manipulation of Kosovar public opinion with the aim of winning acceptance for an accord that is harmful to the Albanian people and contrary to its political desire for the independence of the Republic of Kosovo," he added. The talks at Rambouillet, southwest of Paris, between ethnic Albanian and Serbian delegations ended on Tuesday after a 17-day marathon with only limited progress. The two sides agreed to resume negotiations on March 15. The three-week break is meant to allow both delegations to return home and discuss the contents of the proposed peace accord with their constituents. Demaci's categorical condemnation of the provisional government proposal illustrates the political divisions among the pro-independence ethnic Albanians, already manifest during the peace talks in France. The Kosovar Albanian delegation only reluctantly agreed to the political principles of the peace accord, which does not explicitly provide for a referendum on independence after an envisaged three-year interim period. KLA militants have insisted on guarantees that there will be such a referendum and balked at demands that the guerrillas disarm. io-luc/sp/ma PAGE 53 Agence France Presse, February 24, 1999 LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: February 24, 1999 PAGE 54 LEVEL 1 - 10 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse February 16, 1999 13:56 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 327 words HEADLINE: AFP Features Advisory DATELINE: PARIS, Feb 16 BODY: We will be filing the following features: JABLANICA, Yugoslavia: Kosovo rank-and-file rebels cannot, for now, envision a "demilitarization" even if their superiors sign an accord at peace talks in France accepting, a rebel officer said Monday. Kosovo-KLA 600 words by Michel Moutot BUDAPEST: Ilona Gonda, whose father perished in the Holocaust, has just mailed 30,000 forints (125-euros, 136-dollars) to Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban. The amount is the money the 36-year-old received from the government in January as a one-off payment for her father's death. Hungary-Jews 500 words by Eszter Szamado NIZHNY NOVGOROD, PAGE 55 Agence France Presse, February 16, 1999 Russia: Russia's oil tycoons, banking and real estate magnates are embracing adventure tourism, spending hefty sums of cash to ride a raft in Central Asia, trek up a mountain in Tibet or fish in remote Siberia. Russia-tourism 500 words by Nicolas Miletitch SEOUL: Looking clean and shaven, Park Sung-Hoon, 40, got on a bus to celebrate Lunar New Year holidays with his wife and children, hoping it will be his last day as one of South Korea's growing army of homeless people. SKorea-homeless 600 words by Lim Yun-Suk AL-AIN, United Arab Emirates: Eclipsed by the towering civilisations of Mesopotamia and the Indus valley, the Magan culture of the southwest Arabian peninsula has until now remained largely a mystery. UAE-Oman-archaeology HANOI: Spend less but celebrate just the same: that seems to characterise the spirit of preparations for the Vietnamese Tet Lunar New Year, under the cloud of an PAGE 56 Agence France Presse, February 16, 1999 economic crisis. Vietnam-Tet 550 words by Philippe Perdriau RAMBOUILLET, France: Kosovar Albanian journalists covering the Kosovo diplomatic marathon underway at Rambouillet castle, have turned a popular local cyber cafe into their unofficial press centre. Kosovo-talks-press 550 words by Erwan Jourand afp LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: February 16, 1999 PAGE 57 LEVEL 1 - 11 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse February 16, 1999 08:25 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 754 words HEADLINE: The AFP 0800 GMT news agenda DATELINE: Feb 16 BODY: The 0800 GMT news agenda: Duty editor: Frank Ferrari Tel: Washington (202) 414-0541 LONDON: Kurdish protestors stormed Greek embassies across Europe from London to Moscow to demand political asylum for fugitive Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Ocalan, with one protestor setting herself on fire in Copenhagen. Kurds-protests,lead,moved Expect update Also moved: Kurds-protest-Denmark Kurds-protest-Greece,2ndlead Italy-Kurd-Kenya,2ndlead LAGOS: The campaign for the top job in Africa's most populous country finally begins, with a former military ruler and a former finance minister, both past political prisoners, named as the candidates. Nigeria-vote PAGE 58 Agence France Presse, February 16, 1999 600 words around 1030 GMT ASMARA: Update on situation after Eritrean and Ethiopian artillery gunners exchanged fire for several hours on the eastern front, Eritrean radio reported. Horn-fighting Expect update TEL AVIV: Four prominent doves take top slots on the Labor Party slate of candidates for May 17 parliamentary elections. Israel-vote-Labor, moved. Expect update. DOMASHEVO, Belarus: Twelve jurors in Britain's first war crimes trial visit the site of a World War II massacre of Jews during the Nazi occupation. Britain-Nazi-Belarus Expect update BEIJING: Bells ring and firecrackers bang as millions of Asians usher in the Lunar New Year offering up fervent prayers to the gods that the region can overcome its devastating economic turmoil. Asia-Lunar 650 words around 0830 GMT by Luisette Mudie AUCKLAND: Hopes are raised for missing French sailor PAGE 59 Agence France Presse, February 16, 1999 Isabelle Autissier as a signal is picked up from her capsized yacht and an Italian skipper races to her aid. Yachting-Alone,2ndlead 600 words moved by Michael Field Also moved: Yachting-Alone-lost Yachting-Alone-beacon Yachting-Alone-weather BEIJING: An international press freedom group welcomes the release of Chinese dissident journalist Gao Yu, but slams Beijing's imprisonment of journalists under state security laws. China-dissident,lead 500 words around 0815 GMT SEOUL: North Korea celebrates the 57th birthday of supreme leader Kim Jong-Il, despite widespread famine which has forced the impoverished nation to go cap-in-hand for foreign aid. NKorea-Kim 600 words around 0830 GMT WARSAW: The Polish parliament meeting Wednesday is due to give the final green light for the country to join NATO next month -- a move which will safely anchor Poland in the western camp but which Russia has only grudgingly accepted. PAGE 60 Agence France Presse, February 16, 1999 Poland-NATO SEOUL: Starving North Korea is this week gearing up to celebrate Kim Jong-Il's first birthday as undisputed supreme leader, but it will avoid feting the occasion with a bang. NKorea-Kim JABLANICA, Yugoslavia: Kosovo rank-and-file rebels cannot, for now, envision a "demilitarization" even if their superiors sign an accord at peace talks in France accepting, a rebel officer said Monday. Kosovo-KLA BUDAPEST: Ilona Gonda, whose father perished in the Holocaust, has just mailed 30,000 forints (125-euros, 136-dollars) to Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban. The amount is the money the 36-year-old received from the government in January as a one-off payment for her father's death. Hungary-Jews NIZHNY NOVGOROD, Russia: Russia's oil tycoons, banking and real estate magnates are embracing adventure tourism, spending hefty sums of cash to PAGE 61 Agence France Presse, February 16, 1999 ride a raft in Central Asia, trek up a mountain in Tibet or fish in remote Siberia. Russia-tourism SEOUL: Looking clean and shaven, Park Sung-Hoon, 40, got on a bus to celebrate Lunar New Year holidays with his wife and children, hoping it will be his last day as one of South Korea's growing army of homeless people. SKorea-homeless AL-AIN, United Arab Emirates: Eclipsed by the towering civilisations of Mesopotamia and the Indus valley, the Magan culture of the southwest Arabian peninsula has until now remained largely a mystery. UAE-Oman-archaeology HANOI: Spend less but celebrate just the same: that seems to characterise the spirit of preparations for the Vietnamese Tet Lunar New Year, under the cloud of an economic crisis. Vietnam-Tet RAMBOUILLET, France: Kosovar Albanian journalists covering the Kosovo diplomatic marathon underway PAGE 62 Agence France Presse, February 16, 1999 at Rambouillet castle, have turned a popular local cyber cafe into their unofficial press centre. Kosovo-talks-press afp LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: February 16, 1999 PAGE 63 LEVEL 1 - 12 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur February 4, 1999, Thursday, BC Cycle 10:49 Central European Time SECTION: Advisories LENGTH: 938 words HEADLINE: Schedule for Thursday, February 4th, 1000 GMT BODY: --------------------------------------------------------------------- All times GMT/ If you have any questions about the news schedule or need items repeated please call dpa: (0500-2000 GMT) Hamburg Tel: 49-40-4113-2280/2282 Fax: 4113-2289 (2000-0500 GMT) Washington Tel: 1-202-662-1260 Fax: 662-1270 --------------------------------------------------------------------- EUROPE: Belgrade/ - Developments in the Kosovo conflict; Pristina Yugoslav Parliament expected to vote in favour of attending peace talks beginning Saturday in France; the Kosovar Albanian side has already said it will come to the negotiating table (Kosovo, 2nd lead moved, spot news coverage, roundups as available) Moscow - The crew of the Russian space capsule Mir began deployment of a giant mirror in a spectacular experiment to beam sunlight down onto a dark earth; the reflection sould be seen in some regions of central Asia and Russia and around the northern French city of Compiegne for a few moments after sunset (Russia-SpaceMirror, reports, roundups as available) Vienna - Trial continues against suspected letter bomber Fuchs (Austria-Fuchs, on merit) Warsaw/ - Joint press conference with Polish Defence Minister Budapest Onyskievicz and German Defence Minister Scharping, after which Scharping flies to Hungary to meet counterpart Szabo and Foreign Minister Martonyi (Poland-Germany, Hungary-Germany, on merit) Warsaw - Netherlands Foreign Minister van Aartsen concludes two-day visit to Poland (Poland-Netherlands, on merit) Madrid - U.S. Defense Secretary Cohen visits Spain (Spain- Cohen, as available) London - Northern Ireland appears to be edging closer to a return to full-blown violence as friction between republican terror groups increases and loyalist paramilitaries admitted they are rearming (Britain-Ulster, roundup as available) GERMAN DATELINES: Frankfurt - Representatives from 50 countries and international PAGE 64 Deutsche Presse-Agentur, February 4, 1999 organisations meet to discuss future development aid for territories unter Palestinian control (report, roundup as available) Nuremberg - International Toys Fair opens (report, roundup as available) THE AMERICAS: Washington - Impeachment trial against U.S. President Clinton continues in the Senate (US-Impeachment, as available) - U.S. President Clinton and Palestinian Chairman Arafat discuss avenues toward progress in the Middle East peace process (US-Arafat, as available) - Formal beginning of court martial against marine pilot involved in Italian ski gondola accident (US-Calvese, as available) Bogota - Developments in Colombian earthquake cleanup (Colombia-Quake, on merit) ASIA-PACIFIC: Kuala Lumpur - Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen on 3-day visit in Malaysia; has talks with Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir on bilateral trade; (Malaysia-Cambodia, lead moved) Beijing - Chinese former exile and pro-democracy activist Wang Ce has been sentenced to four years in prison in the eastern city of Hangzhou (China-Rights, roundup moved) AFRICA: Dakar/Bissau - About 80 people have died so far since fighting resumed in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau (Senegal-Guinea-Bissau, roundup on merit) SPORT: SKI-WORLDCHAMPIONSHIPS Vail, Colorado- Rest day (reports, sidebars as available) TENNIS Marseille/ - ATP tournament Tokyo/ WTA tournament (reports as available) IOC - ANTI DOPING CONFERENCE Lausanne - Anti-doping declaration to be announced at end of world doping conference, closing press conference with IOC President Samaranch (IOC-Doping, on merit) BACKGROUNDERS AND BYLINERS MOVED: Munich - NEWS ANALYSIS: Munich media group to launch all-news channel despite stiff competition. By Jack Kindred (Germany-Media, 900 words) Regensburg - Fancy an affair? Agencies do flourishing business in Germany. By Ulf Vogler (310 words/Germany-Affairs) Warsaw - Round table talks that were a catalyst for change in Poland. By Jacek Lepiarz and Eva Krafczyk (680 words/Poland-RoundTable) Victoria - Hard times for smokers in Canada's West. By Axel Knoenagel (630 words/Canada-Smokers) Stuttgart - Men's underwear - More sensible than sensual. By Swantje Werner PAGE 65 Deutsche Presse-Agentur, February 4, 1999 (530 words/dpa-SPECIAL-Lifestyle) Hamburg - Image is everything: the reincarnation of glam rock. By Jeanette Milbrandt (510 words/dpa-SPECIAL-Lifestyle) Los Angeles - Adult cartoons voice counter-culture themes on prime time TV. By Andy Goldberg (820 words/dpa-SPECIAL-Lifestyle) Washington - The broken promise: U.S. Cairo conference pledge on population. By Jim Anderson (850 words/US-Population) Bonn - Schroeder election test - nationality reform top issue. By Leon Mangasarian (500 words/Germany- Election) --------------------------------------------------------------------- dpa SCHEDULE dpa SCHEDULE dpa SCHEDULE dpa SCHEDULE dpa SCHEDULE --------------------------------------------------------------------- dpa mr ma fu LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: February 4, 1999 PAGE 66 LEVEL 1 - 13 OF 13 STORIES Copyright 1999 Federal Document Clearing House, Inc. FDCH Political Transcripts February 3, 1999, Wednesday TYPE: MEDIA AVAILABILITY LENGTH: 2579 words HEADLINE: U.S. SENATOR JOHN WARNER (R-VA) HOLDS MEDIA AVAILABILITY ON KOSOVO; WASHINGTON, D.C. SPEAKER: U.S. SENATOR JOHN WARNER (R-VA), BODY: SENATOR WARNER HOLDS MEDIA AVAILABILITY ON SITUATION IN KOSOVO FEBRUARY 2, 1999 SPEAKER: U.S. SENATOR JOHN WARNER (R-VA) * WARNER: We still have our consultation process underway with the secretary of state, secretary of defense, National Security Adviser Berger, and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs. Secretary Cohen and the chairman appeared before the Senate Armed Services Committee today, where we also had a very thorough and exhaustive discussion on the issue of Kosovo. And now we've been at it here in the Senate for about two hours under the leadership of Senators Lott and Daschle. It is still going on. The tough questions are being asked. For myself, I have said for months that it was essential that we take a more assertive and a clearer role to use force to back up diplomacy in this area of the Balkans for several reasons: One, humanitarian; two the instability was putting at greater risk our troops in Bosnia; and three, should this situation erupt further, it could cause destabilizing influences from Greece to Hungary to Macedonia and the like. Now at this juncture there is sort of a Y in the road, a fork so to speak. It is clear, I believe, that the Congress is supportive of the use of air if that is necessary to convince Milosevic that he must negotiate in good faith beginning this Saturday in France. And should the Kosovars not negotiate in good faith, then measures would have to be taken to cut off their supplies and weaponry and the like to show that the nations of NATO mean business. Come to France and make a good faith effort to get an agreement. Assuming that an agreement is reached and the parameters are that it's clearly a permissive environment, then the president will proceed to the next decision, and that is whether to include in a NATO ground force a U.S. element. That will require further consultation with the Congress. PAGE 67 FDCH Political Transcripts, February 3, 1999 WARNER: And we want to know exactly what size force would be put in place. What are the risks? And indeed, what is the exit strategy? Many of my colleagues quite properly are concerned that we're moving into another Bosnia -- open-ended situation, when administration in years past has set deadlines, and those deadlines have not been met. I think Secretary Albright and Cohen were very forthright in their response and said deadlines would not be set in Kosovo, but indeed benchmarks. And as hopefully those benchmarks are achieved over a three-year period, which is the period envisioned now by the agreement -- which agreement, incidentally, was largely drafted by the U.S. -- then we would consider the ability to take our forces out. I want to underline the concern across the Senate -- both sides of the aisle, bipartisan -- that Europe must step up and take greater responsibility in this Balkan region. We recognize at this time, given the unexpected urgency of the matter in Kosovo, that the U.S. is in place with the types of equipment and forces that are needed for an air campaign. And possibly, our requirement on the ground is needed not only because it is to be commanded by an American officer, General Clark, but to lend credibility from the perspective of the Kosovars, the U.S. has to be a part of that force. But again, that decision to send U.S. troops in on the ground first must await the outcome of the agreement, careful study of that agreement by the Congress, a decision by the president, and then he comes to the Congress for further consultations. Now, that's the broad outlines of the extensive talks that we have had here over the past two hours. Your questions. QUESTION: So it sounds like you support the troops. QUESTION: Do you think that you can get agreement, sir, without the authorization... WARNER: I'll take this question and then that one. Yes. QUESTION: It sounds like you support ground troops? WARNER: I've indicated all along that in my judgment air and air alone would not bring about stability in Kosovo. And I'm only speaking for myself. And I've indicated my willingness to support use of ground forces as a part of a NATO contingent, provided it was a permissive environment. In other words, that there would be some definitive analysis of the degree of risk taken by our troops. PAGE 68 FDCH Political Transcripts, February 3, 1999 Presumably, we would go in and the Serb forces would all withdraw promptly in accordance with the agreement. Any permissive environment would require the withdrawal of the professional military and certain police elements of the Serbian forces, leaving only sufficient border guards to protect their rightful assertion of sovereignty over that territory. That's number one. And number two, should problems erupt, once we're in under a permissive agreement, then we've got to have in mind very clearly what steps would be taken, not only to protect our troops, but indeed many other Americans who are there as part of United Nations organizations, the national organizations who are providing food and refuge and the like. WARNER: So there are a lot of factors to be taken into consideration. QUESTION: Aren't you concerned that there's no exit strategy? WARNER: No. There was a question over here. QUESTION: Sir, can you be optimistic that there would be a peace agreement this weekend without the offering of U.S. troops? WARNER: The weekend consultation very clearly is dependent on the unequivocal use of air power if that's necessary to bring the Serbs to a realistic negotiation. The question of the troops has to be reserved until the agreement is structured. Then the president has to make a decision in consultation with the Congress. QUESTION: Senator, Secretary Cohen suggested that the Albanians would only agree to a peace plan if they were promised that there would be an American contingent in the peacekeeping (OFF-MIKE). WARNER: I stated -- I stated very clearly that both secretaries indicated that the willingness of the Kosovars to participate in this agreement is dependent on the ground elements containing a portion of U.S. troops. Now, let's talk a little bit about the numbers. There's a lot of discussions, but the chairman of the Joint Chiefs was very clear that the sizing of that force would be dependent on the NATO recommendation. That's partially dependent on the credibility needed to persuade the Kosovars to be a part of it. And, number two, we've got to have such force in place as to protect our own troops should that permissive environment in some way collapse or be tested. But bear in mind that if the agreement is reached and the ground forces go in and a U.S. is participating, and I so recommend if the permissive agreement is reached, we stand by with air. And when I say "we," the air back-up of any ground force has to be largely composed of U.S. units, because we're the only ones that have the equipment, the aerial types of equipment to enforce the agreement if it's necessary. PAGE 69 FDCH Political Transcripts, February 3, 1999 QUESTION: Mr. Chairman, on Iraq, apparently the last U.S. and United Kingdom humanitarian relief workers under the UN auspices have been withdrawn from there. Are you at all worried about that this is ratcheting up and out of control in that particular area? WARNER: The... QUESTION: Or the degree to which -- or the degree to which the airstrikes seem to be escalating on the part of the U.S. (OFF-MIKE)? WARNER: My last question to the secretary of defense this morning during the course of the armed services authorization review was on Iraq. And I asked him specifically that question. He indicated that we continue a policy of containment, continue a policy in conjunction with our allies of regime change, but he felt that the order of battle now in preserving the integrity of the no-fly zones was in balance with the threat that Saddam Hussein is directing at our aircraft. I brought to his attention my own concern about the possibility of a downed aviator and how it could cause an enormous complication to the diplomatic efforts and other efforts underway to resolve the problems in Iraq. And he acknowledged that that would be a problem. QUESTION: Did they address in the briefing cost at all? WARNER: The -- good question. The cost was brought up, and the secretary of defense made it very clear that the administration would be forthcoming with those funds as anticipated for this operation and that they would not be taken out of the existing defense budget. QUESTION: Do you have any feeling on the composition of the remaining Serb force that would stay in Kosovo if this agreement takes place? WARNER: Yes. The remaining Serb force under the draft agreement would consist only of border security to maintain the integrity of a sovereign nation. Indeed, Kosovo is a part of Serbia. QUESTION: Who would be in the police? Would that be totally... WARNER: They didn't get into that detail. Much is to be learned by the agreement as it's finished to be drafted. QUESTION: Do you have any optimism that Milosevic will actually agree to participate in the talks? WARNER: I think Milosevic's willingness to participate is in direct proportion to the credibility of our willingness to use force. WARNER: I say "our," that is, NATO's willingness to use force in air if necessary. And that was made very clear to all senators. QUESTION: What role should the United Nations play? PAGE 70 FDCH Political Transcripts, February 3, 1999 WARNER: In the course of our briefings this morning with the secretary of defense, I asked that question. I said I'd wanted from him a clear definition of the role of the UN as it relates to the Balkans and most specifically to Kosovo. And I said for myself that I did not want any hint whatsoever that the UN had any veto power in the Security Council over a decision by NATO to go forward with such elements of military operations, either air or ground, in Kosovo. The secretary of defense clearly gave me that assurance. QUESTION: One more on Iraq. Are you satisfied with Secretary Cohen's response that the U.S. has a major, well contained direct response in Iraq? WARNER: The administration, together with our principal ally, Great Britain, in my judgment are doing exactly what has to be done at this time to contain Iraq. It is my own hope that eventually Russia and China and others will likewise recognize that we've got to do more to contain him and once again start an inspection program within Iraq to eliminate the potential for weapons of mass destruction. Let me add one other element to the negotiations this Saturday. The Russians will have a representative there with Ambassador Hill. Ambassador Hill will be the lead negotiator. And indeed the EU will have a representative there. More and more we see signs of Europe and Great Britain willing to take over a greater degree of responsibility for the military operations in the Kosovo region. Indeed, I said this morning that, speaking for myself, I would be satisfied if a British officer were to command the ground elements of any NATO force that goes in. Now, we have now a French command in Macedonia for the emergency extraction forces. I think to the degree we do have the commands of others in there shows greater support from Europe and Great Britain. Of course, the supreme allied commander is a United States officer, General Clark. QUESTION: Senator? WARNER: Yes. Go ahead. Anybody else? QUESTION: Was there any new -- new information presented at the briefing? WARNER: Oh, I think there was considerable new information presented at the briefing, and I think I've covered it in some detail. Thank you very much. QUESTION: Are you meeting later with him, sir? WARNER: No. I think that's it for the day. END NOTES: Unknown - Indicates Speaker Unkown Inaudible - Could not make out what was being said. off mike - Indicates could not make out what was being said. PAGE 71 FDCH Political Transcripts, February 3, 1999 LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PERSON: JOHN WILLIAM WARNER (98%); LOAD-DATE: February 3, 1999