MAIL-IT REQUESTED: JANUARY 27, 2000 10580X CLIENT: PAUL LIBRARY: NEWS FILE: ALLNWS YOUR SEARCH REQUEST AT THE TIME THIS MAIL-IT WAS REQUESTED: FRANCE BURUNDI NUMBER OF STORIES FOUND WITH YOUR REQUEST THROUGH: LEVEL 1... 38 LEVEL 1 PRINTED DISPLAY FORMAT: FULL SEND TO: WEBSTER LIBRARY, # 1 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 7141 SHERBROOKE STREET WEST MONTREAL, QUEBEC CANADA H4B 1R6 **********************************06519********************************** PAGE 1 LEVEL 1 - 1 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 The Washington Post The Washington Post December 24, 1999, Friday, Final Edition SECTION: METRO; Pg. B06 LENGTH: 795 words HEADLINE: OBITUARIES BODY: Charles Edward Krogmann Real Estate Broker Charles Edward Krogmann, 69, a real estate broker who retired in 1989 as manager of the Shannon & Luchs Uptown office in Washington, died of a heart attack Dec. 21 at Memorial Hospital in Easton, Md., where he lived. He was a native of Washington and a graduate of St. Paul's Academy and American University. He served in the Army in Germany in the mid-1950s and in the Navy Reserve until the 1960s. Early in his career, Mr. Krogmann worked for the real estate firms of Sam Bogley and Gil Schlesinger. In the early 1970s, he had his own company, which was bought by Shannon & Luchs. After he retired, he was a broker for Kagan & Associates. Mr. Krogmann was a member of the Elks, Odd Fellows and American Legion. His marriage to Flora M. Krogmann ended in divorce. Survivors include his wife of 10 years, Patti Hames Krogmann of Easton; three children from his first marriage, Karen L. Krogmann of North Bergen, N.J., Pamela Jouannet of Myersville, Md., and Kenneth Krogmann of Vienna; two stepchildren, Sean Hames and Kendra Roberts, both of Eldersburg, Md.; two sisters, Clare E. Bowell of Fairfax and J. Patricia Dunn of Rockville; a brother, John C. Krogmann of Great Falls; and eight grandchildren. A son from his first marriage, Carl Krogmann, was shot to death in 1990 as he attempted to deliver a Domino's pizza in Largo. Melvyn Royal Brokenshire Jr. Foreign Service Officer Melvyn Royal Brokenshire Jr., 71, a retired Foreign Service officer who also wrote freelance articles on sailing, died of cancer Dec. 19 at his home in Bethesda. PAGE 2 The Washington Post, December 24, 1999 Mr. Brokenshire had a 27-year career with the U.S. Information Agency, with assignments in Saigon, Burma, France, Burundi, Morocco, Australia and Zaire. He retired in 1983 and then spent his time sailing, writing and traveling. He cruised the Chesapeake Bay in a sloop, wrote articles for sailing magazines and founded Bethesda Writers, a freelance writing company. He also worked as a columnist and sailing editor for the weekly newspaper St. Mary's Today. He was born in Niagara Falls, N.Y., and was raised in Macon, Ga. He was a graduate of Duke University and was a Naval officer aboard the battleship Wisconsin in Korea during the war there. After receiving a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University, he briefly worked for NBC as a radio news reporter in New York City. Later, while with the USIA, he received a master's degree in public policy from Johns Hopkins University. Survivors include his wife of 43 years, Rosalie Ann Brokenshire of Bethesda; three children, Susan Brokenshire of Wilmington, N.C., Foreign Service officer Kent C. Brokenshire of Kinshasa, Congo, and Catherine Brokenshire-Scott of Johannesburg; and four grandchildren. David Vincent Gehle Foreign Service Officer David Vincent Gehle, 57, a retired Foreign Service officer who later worked as a Defense Department analyst, died of pancreatic cancer Dec. 18 at the Rome American Hospital in Rome. Mr. Gehle was born in Rosehill, Ohio. From 1960 to 1964, he served in the Army and attended the Monterey Institute of International Studies. He graduated from the University of Dayton and received a master's degree in Russian studies from Ohio State University. He joined the Foreign Service in 1969 and served in London, Afghanistan and Washington. In 1979, he left the Foreign Service and became a Defense Department analyst. He retired there in 1998. A former resident of Laurel, he moved to Rome on retirement. His marriage to Ingrid A. Gehle ended in divorce. Survivors include his wife of 11 years, Anna Marie Gehle, and their son, Joseph Delaine Gehle, both of Rome; two children from his first marriage, Kate Gehle of Clarksburg and Greg Gehle of Phoenix; and five siblings, Keith Gehle of Rockford, Ohio, Karen Moore of Armona, Calif., Betty Nieman of Alexandria, Jean Meiring of Fort Recovery, Ohio, and Dick Gehle of Okeechobee, Fla. PAGE 3 The Washington Post, December 24, 1999 Ruth Monser Nurse Ruth Monser, 72, a nurse and clinical specialist in psychiatry at St. Elizabeths Hospital from 1964 until her retirement in 1997, died of renal failure Dec. 21 at Georgetown University Hospital. Miss Monser, a longtime resident of Washington, was born in Oneonta, N.Y. She received a nursing degree at St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing in New York City and a bachelor's degree at Columbia. She received a master's degree from the Yale School of Nursing. She was a pioneer in the practice and teaching of poetry therapy and contributed to the use of literature in the treatment of children and the mentally ill. In September of this year, she received the National Association of Poetry Therapy Pioneer Award. Survivors include two sisters. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: December 24, 1999 PAGE 4 LEVEL 1 - 2 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Summary of World Broadcasts October 21, 1999, Thursday SECTION: Part 5 Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean; HORN OF AFRICA; ERITREA; AL/D3671/A LENGTH: 329 words HEADLINE: Burundi arms shipment impounded SOURCE: Source: 'The New Vision', Kampala, in English 19 Oct 99 BODY: [10] Text of report by Ugandan newspaper 'The New Vision' on 19th October Arms destined for Burundi were last week impounded in Kampala, 'The New Vision'has learnt. The Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) intercepted the 14 civilian-registered trucks, with the guns imported through the Kenyan port of Mombasa, at the Nakawa [central Uganda] revenue checkpoint, sources said yesterday. The vehicles, mainly hired from Interfreight Panalpina, a leading Kampala transport company, were intercepted by the URA's Revenue Protection Services (RPS) on Thursday [14th October] on suspicion that the cargo owner had evaded taxes. Sources said yesterday the 40-foot container trucks were driven under heavy military escort to Magamaga UPDF [Uganda People's Defence Forces] engineering Unit, Jinja [northeast of Kampala], for inspection. The trucks were taken to Magamaga military barracks where the containers were opened and it was established that the cargo was not taxable, a source said. The source said the UPDF acting chief-of-staff, Brig Steven Kashaka, ordered URA to release the consignment. Kashaka said, "Why don't you contact our minister (Steven Kavuma)? He knows about it and has all the information." Kavuma promised a comment later. Interfreight declined to talk to the press. The origin of the arms has, however, not been established but sources said the cargo entered Uganda from the Kenyan port of Mombasa on Thursday [14th October]. Security sources, though, said most arms into the Great Lakes Region originate from the former USSR, Yugoslavia and South Africa with middlemen in the United Kingdom and France. Burundi, Rwanda and Sudan are among the countries listed by the US Bureau of Intelligence and Research in July this year for reportedly mortgaging crops including sesame, coffee, cotton and tea, for arms. Reports say Hutu extremists, who have been terrorizing the region, obtain arms by trafficking drugs and wildlife. PAGE 5 The British Broadcasting Corporation, October 21, 1999 LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: October 20, 1999 PAGE 6 LEVEL 1 - 3 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 Africa News Service, Inc. Africa News October 19, 1999 SECTION: NEWS, DOCUMENTS & COMMENTARY LENGTH: 300 words HEADLINE: Uganda; Burundi Arms Impounded BYLINE: Grace Matsiko, New Vision (Kampala) BODY: Kampala - Arms destined for Burundi were last week impounded in Kampala, The New Vision has learnt. The Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) intercepted the 14 civilian registered trucks, with the guns imported through the Kenyan Port of Mombasa, at the Nakawa revenue check- point, sources said yesterday The vehicles, mainly hired from Interfreight Panalpina, a leading Kampala transport company, were intercepted by the URA's Revenue Protection Services (RPS) on Thursday on suspicion that the cargo owner had evaded taxes. Sources said yesterday the 40-feet container trucks were driven under heavy military escort to Magamaga UPDF engineering Unit, Jinja, for inspection. "The trucks were taken to Magamaga military barracks where the containers were opened and it was established that the cargo was not taxable," a source said. The source said the UPDF acting chief of staff, Brig. Steven Kashaka, ordered URA to release the consignment. Kashaka said, "Why don't you contact our minister (Steven Kavuma)? He knows about it and has all the information." Kavuma promised a comment later. Interfreight declined to talk to the press. The origin of the arms has, however, not been established but sources said the cargo entered Uganda from the Kenyan port of Mombasa on Thursday. Security sources, though, said most arms into the Great Lakes Region originate from the former USSR, Yugoslavia and South Africa with middlemen in the United Kingdom and France. Burundi, Rwanda and Sudan are among the countries listed by the US Bureau of Intelligence and Research in July this year for reportedly mortgaging crops including sesame, coffee, cotton and tea, for arms. Reports say Hutu extremists, who have been terrorising the region, obtain arms by trafficking drugs and wildlife. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PAGE 7 Africa News, October 19, 1999 LOAD-DATE: October 19, 1999 PAGE 8 LEVEL 1 - 4 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Monitoring Africa - Political Supplied by BBC Worldwide Monitoring October 19, 1999, Tuesday LENGTH: 326 words HEADLINE: UGANDA: BURUNDI ARMS SHIPMENT IMPOUNDED SOURCE: The New Vision', Kampala, in English 19 Oct 99 BODY: Text of report by Ugandan newspaper The New Vision' on 19th October Arms destined for Burundi were last week impounded in Kampala, The New Vision' has learnt. The Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) intercepted the 14 civilian-registered trucks, with the guns imported through the Kenyan port of Mombasa, at the Nakawa central Uganda revenue checkpoint, sources said yesterday. The vehicles, mainly hired from Interfreight Panalpina, a leading Kampala transport company, were intercepted by the URA's Revenue Protection Services (RPS) on Thursday 14th October on suspicion that the cargo owner had evaded taxes. Sources said yesterday the 40-foot container trucks were driven under heavy military escort to Magamaga UPDF Uganda People's Defence Forces engineering Unit, Jinja northeast of Kampala , for inspection. The trucks were taken to Magamaga military barracks where the containers were opened and it was established that the cargo was not taxable, a source said. The source said the UPDF acting chief-of-staff, Brig Steven Kashaka, ordered URA to release the consignment. Kashaka said, "Why don't you contact our minister (Steven Kavuma)? He knows about it and has all the information." Kavuma promised a comment later. Interfreight declined to talk to the press. The origin of the arms has, however, not been established but sources said the cargo entered Uganda from the Kenyan port of Mombasa on Thursday 14th October . Security sources, though, said most arms into the Great Lakes Region originate from the former USSR, Yugoslavia and South Africa with middlemen in the United Kingdom and France. Burundi, Rwanda and Sudan are among the countries listed by the US Bureau of Intelligence and Research in July this year for reportedly mortgaging crops including sesame, coffee, cotton and tea, for arms. Reports say Hutu extremists, who have been terrorizing the region, obtain arms by trafficking drugs and wildlife. LANGUAGE: English LOAD-DATE: October 19, 1999 PAGE 9 LEVEL 1 - 5 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 Africa News Service, Inc. Africa News May 7, 1999 SECTION: NEWS, DOCUMENTS & COMMENTARY LENGTH: 162 words HEADLINE: Zambia; Dunn replaces Render BYLINE: Reuben Phiri, Post of Zambia (Lusaka) BODY: Lusaka - United States President Bill Clinton announced his intention to nominate David Dunn to replace outgoing Ambassador to Zambia Arlene Render, reports the Washington Line. According to the publication from the United States Information Agency (USIA), Dunn, a native of Santa Cruz, California, is a career member of the senior foreign service. "He entered the foreign service in 1979, and has served in Jamaica, Tunisia, France, Burundi, Mauritius and Tanzania. In the latter three postings he served as deputy chief of mission," states the publication. Dunn is currently director for East African affairs in the State Department's African Bureau and has been involved extensively in US efforts to broker a resolution to the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Render has been recalled to Washington to work in the office of the director for Southern African affairs. The office is responsible for 10 Southern Africa countries including Zambia. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: May 7, 1999 PAGE 10 LEVEL 1 - 6 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 M2 Communications Ltd. M2 PRESSWIRE May 5, 1999 LENGTH: 191 words HEADLINE: THE WHITE HOUSE President Clinton names David B. Dunn as US Ambassador to the Republic of Zambia BODY: The President today announced his intent to nominate David B. Dunn to be U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Zambia. Mr. David Dunn, of Santa Cruz, California, is a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Counselor. He entered the Foreign Service in 1979, and has served overseas in Jamaica, Tunisia, France, Burundi, Mauritius, and Tanzania. In the latter three postings he served as Deputy Chief of Mission. Mr. Dunn is currently Director for East African Affairs in the State Department's African Bureau. In that capacity, he has been involved extensively in United States efforts to broker a resolution to the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Before joining the Foreign Service, Mr. Dunn worked for the City of Escondido in San Diego County, California. Mr. Dunn is the son of Colonel Elmer Dunn, USAF (ret.), and Marjory Dunn. He is a graduate of Occidental College and holds Masters degrees from American University and the National War College. He is married to the former Maria-Elena Dubourt, who moved from Cuba to the United States as a child. They have two sons, Tom, age 14, and Brian, age 11. LANGUAGE: English LOAD-DATE: May 6, 1999 PAGE 11 LEVEL 1 - 7 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 U.S. Newswire, Inc. U.S. Newswire May 04, 1999 15:08 Eastern Time SECTION: NATIONAL DESK LENGTH: 190 words HEADLINE: Clinton Nominates Dunn as U.S. Ambassador to Zambia DATELINE: WASHINGTON, May 4 BODY: The President today announced his intent to nominate David B. Dunn to be U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Zambia. Dunn, of Santa Cruz, Calif., is a Career Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Counselor. He entered the Foreign Service in 1979, and has served overseas in Jamaica, Tunisia, France, Burundi, Mauritius, and Tanzania. In the latter three postings he served as Deputy Chief of Mission. Dunn is currently Director for East African Affairs in the State Department's African Bureau. In that capacity, he has been involved extensively in United States efforts to broker a resolution to the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Before joining the Foreign Service, Dunn worked for the City of Escondido in San Diego County, California. Dunn is the son of Colonel Elmer Dunn, USAF (ret.), and Marjory Dunn. He is a graduate of Occidental College and holds Masters degrees from American University and the National War College. He is married to the former Maria- Elena Dubourt, who moved from Cuba to the United States as a child. They have two sons, Tom, age 14, and Brian, age 11. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: May 4, 1999 PAGE 12 LEVEL 1 - 8 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1999 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse March 25, 1999 18:33 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 550 words HEADLINE: In a first, Britain publishes arms export list DATELINE: LONDON, March 25 BODY: Britain for the first time published details Thursday of military arms exports in the Labour government's first year of power, including sales to some of the world's troublespots. The figures show it authorised sales to countries as diverse as Indonesia, France, Burundi and the Cayman Islands, with Saudi Arabia by far the biggest client. Exports were also allowed to some long-standing rivals, such as China and Taiwan, India and Pakistan, and to more traditional buyers among Middle East Gulf states and Latin America. But several export licences to Sierra Leone, which has long been racked by civil war, were revoked to comply with a UN arms embargo. The 144-page report details licences issued or refused by Labour from when it came to power on May 1, 1997 to the end of that year. Foreign Secretary Robin Cook said the publication of the report showed "our commitment to transparent and responsible arms exports." Another section outlines exports through the whole of 1997, some of which were based on licences before Labour took power, and their value. Most of the military hardware was communications and electronic equipment, although Indonesia took delivery of 23 armoured combat vehicles. In total, some 6,418 ordinary export licences were issued, 45 were turned down and eight were revoked. A number of other licences relating to individual companies or sales were also listed. A total of 64 licences issued for China included military demolition devices and charges, military imaging equipment and aircraft engines. Three licences were refused. The report noted however that Britain banned the export to China of bombs, missiles, machine guns, warplanes, tanks and warships and any equipment that might be used for "internal repression". PAGE 13 Agence France Presse, March 25, 1999 Seventy-seven licences were granted for exports to Taiwan, China's island neighbour and rival, including military explosives, detonators, components of weapons systems, radar technology, rocket motors and naval spares. Licences to Taiwan are considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the implications for regional stability, the report said. Exports were also allowed to regional rivals India and Pakistan. The 394 sales authorised to India included machine guns, aircraft spares, remote ground sensor system and thermal imaging equipment and chemical agent monitors. Licences to Pakistan were granted 93 times, including guidance equipment, machine gun spares, depth charge components and vehicles. One licence was issued for the export of pistols to Sierra Leone, but was later revoked after a UN arms embargo was imposed. Five other licences issued before Labour took office were also revoked. Gulf states such as Oman, Bahrain and Kuwait were also major purchasers of British military hardware. Saudi Arabia was by far the biggest customer in the whole of 1997, buying 1.57 billion pounds (2.5 billion dollars) worth. France was the next highest with 487.2 million pounds worth, followed by Germany with 292 million pounds. The report also outlines what criteria the government use to assess export licence applications, promising to ban production and sales of anti-personnel mines or equipment that might be used for internal repression, torture or for aggression abroad. km/ajp/cml LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 25, 1999 PAGE 14 LEVEL 1 - 9 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1998 British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Summary of World Broadcasts August 14, 1998, Friday SECTION: World Broadcast Information; FRANCE/BURUNDI; WBI/0033/WB LENGTH: 84 words HEADLINE: Kinshasa provincial radio to begin test broadcasts SOURCE: Source: RTNC TV, Kinshasa, in French 1230 gmt 11 Aug 98 BODY: [18] Text of report by Congolese TV from Kinshasa The chairman of the recovery committee of the Kinshasa Radio-Television Nationale Congolaise [RTNC] network wishes to inform the public that Radio Kinshasa, the provincial arm of the network, will begin test transmissions tomorrow. Listeners in and around Kinshasa are, hereby, invited to listen to the programmes on FM 91.8 and to report on reception to the following address: Direction Technique, Radio de la RTNC, BP 3171, Kinshasa-Gombe. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: August 13, 1998 PAGE 15 LEVEL 1 - 10 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1998 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse June 26, 1998 09:40 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 397 words HEADLINE: WORLD NEWS SUMMARY China-US BODY: XIAHE, China: The landmark visit to China by US President Bill Clinton ran into trouble on its first full day with a row over the detention of Chinese dissidents. China-US-bishop BEIJING: A bishop of China's underground Catholic church has been detained because of US President Bill Clinton's visit to China, a US-based religious rights defence group said. Kosovo PRISTINA, Yugoslavia: US envoy Richard Holbrooke arrived here for a new round of talks with Kosovo Albanian leaders in a bid to prevent the violence in the Serbian province from escalating into a regional war. NIreland-vote BELFAST: Vote counting began after elections for the new Northern Ireland assembly, with an exit poll suggesting that hardline Protestants opposed to April's peace agreement won more votes than expected. SKorea-submarine TONGHAE, South Korea: Nine bodies with bullet wounds were found inside a captured North Korean submarine and the South Korean government called for an apology from the North for the "military provocation." China-Taiwan BEIJING: China's invitation to Taiwan's top reunification negotiator included a call for official peace talks as soon as possible, the China Daily said. Fbl-FR98-Bel-hooligans BRUSSELS: Belgian police detained 52 Britons after a night of violence by English football fans arriving in Ostend on their way to a key World Cup match in northern France. Burundi-rebels PAGE 16 Agence France Presse, June 26, 1998 NAIROBI: The armed wing of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy, the main rebel movement in Burundi, rejected an agreement for a civil war ceasefire by July 20 as "totally unrealistic." Lebanon-Israel KHIAM, Lebanon: Ten Lebanese prisoners released by Israel arrived here to join 50 other Lebanese detainees to be freed by the Israeli-allied South Lebanon Army (SLA) from Khiam jail. Japan-rights TOKYO: Amnesty International blasted Japan for widespread cruelty to prisoners, including beatings, shackling and lengthy isolation. India-Kashmir SRINAGAR, India: Indian and Pakistani troops exchanged heavy artillery and mortar fire on their disputed Kashmir border for a fourth day, a defence spokesman said here. Algeria-unrest TIZI-OUZOU, Algeria: Protestors attacked public buildings here on Friday, tearing down signs and smashing windows, following the murder of popular singer Lounes Matoub, AFP journalists said. afp LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: June 26, 1998 PAGE 17 LEVEL 1 - 11 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1998 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse March 06, 1998 08:20 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 1439 words HEADLINE: The AFP 0800 GMT news agenda DATELINE: March 6 BODY: The 0800 GMT news agenda: Duty editor: Gunther Kern Tel: Paris (33-1) 40.41.46.36 KIEV: US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visits Ukraine at the start of a tour of European countries and Canada that will focus on Iraq and the upheaval in Kosovo. Ukraine-US, moved Expect update PRISTINA, Yugoslavia: Developments in Kosovo after the United States scraps a recent offer to ease penalties against Belgrade and warns of "the most severe consequences" for rump Yugoslavia unless it halts a deadly police crackdown in the Serbian province. Yugo-Kosovo Expect update We have also moved: Yugo-Kosovo-demos Yugo-Kosovo-chrono PAGE 18 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 BAGHDAD: An American arms expert branded by Iraq as a US spy carries out two apparent inspections here, amid reports that UN chief Kofi Annan was not informed in advance about his return to Baghdad. Iraq 600 words around 0930 GMT by Steve Kirby We have also moved: Iraq-UN-India Iraq-UN-Russia Iraq-Jordan-US Iraq-UN-oil ROME: The Catholic Sant'Egidio foundation, which will host US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright Saturday in the search for a peaceful solution to the Kosovo crisis, is an honest broker in civil strife. Yugo-Kosovo-SantEgidio 550 words around 0830 GMT by Suzette Bloch PARIS: The military strongman of strife-torn Burundi, Major Pierre Buyoya, meets with French President Jacques Chirac and Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine. France-Burundi Meeting scheduled for 1000 GMT Press conference scheduled for 1130 GMT PARIS: Trevor Rees-Jones, sole survivor of the crash PAGE 19 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 that killed Diana, Princess of Wales and her companion Dodi Fayed, to be questioned by French investigators following the partial recovery of his memory. Diana-France Expect update (at 1330 GMT) PARIS: French Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine meets with Israeli Defense Minister Yitzhak Mordechai. France-Israel Expect update MAGDEBURG, Germany: The German Greens party meets to finalize its campaign platform and a shift into the political mainstream in order to be ready to join the government if the left wins general elections in September. Germany-Greens Expect update BONN: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meets with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. Germany-Israel Expect update Meeting scheduled for 1100 GMT No press conference scheduled JERUSALEM: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's European tour is widely seen as a media "charm offensive" PAGE 20 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 designed to counter a British-led initiative to press Israeli into a major troop withdrawal from the West Bank. Israel-Europe Expect update WASHINGTON: Powerful Washington lawyer Vernon Jordan tells a grand jury investigation his close friend President Bill Clinton asked him to find a job for a former White House intern in the alleged sex and perjury scandal, CBS television says. US-Clinton-testimony,2ndlead, moved Expect update UNITED NATIONS: The UN Security Council is set to renew sanctions against Libya, but agrees to hold a public debate on the issue later this month, western diplomats say. UN-Libya,lead, moved Expect update HARARE: Zimbabwe's former president Canaan Banana, who has been charged with sexual abuse, is to appear in court. Zimbabwe-Banana Expect update BEIJING: China will chop 15 ministries from its bloated government and cut its budget deficit by 18 percent over 1998 in a bold move to streamline PAGE 21 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 its unwieldly bureaucracy and meet key economic targets. China-NPC,lead. Picture 600 words around 0830 GMT by H. Asher Bolande We have also moved: China-NPC-analysis China-NPC-army,lead COLOMBO: Sri Lankan police investigating the bus bomb that killed 32 people and wounded 260 in Colombo arrest the Tamil woman owner of the vehicle and its conductor, officials say. SriLanka-blast,lead, moved Expect update Also moved: SriLanka-suicides NEW DELHI: India's outgoing United Front coalition holds a crucial meeting to decide if it can thwart a power bid by Hindu nationalists following deadlocked elections. India-vote,lead, moved Expect update MANILA: ASEAN and major western partners meet in Manila to review the progress of an international initiative to resolve the political chaos in Cambodia. ASEAN-Cambodia,2ndlead, moved Expect update PHNOM PENH: Fears that Cambodia's scheduled July elections PAGE 22 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 will not take place in a free and fair environment intensify after reports of a second possibly politically-motivated murder in the past three days. Cambodia-killings,lead, moved Expect update SEOUL: South Korea says it will soon announce its food aid program for North Korea as reports hint that the United States may meet with Northern officials to discuss easing of US sanctions ahead of the March 16 four-party talks in Geneva. Korea-aid,lead, moved Expect update TOKYO: Japanese prosecutors raid the finance ministry, one day after the arrest of two bureaucrats on bribery allegations. Japan-scandal,2ndlead, moved Expect update TURBAT Pakistan: Rescue workers recover some 200 bodies in a grim relief operation after raging floods bring chaos to southwest Pakistan leaving 1,500 people missing and feared dead. Pakistan-floods,lead, moved Expect update PORT VILA: More than 110,000 voters go to the polls throughout this 80-island South Pacific PAGE 23 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 archipelago to choose their next 52-member parliament. Vanuatu-vote,lead 500 words around 0900 GMT by Patrick Decloitre We have also filed the following news items: LONDON: British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook announces in a speech an intensive European effort to stimulate progress in the stalled Middle East peace process. Britain-Mideast-Cook BOGOTA: The Colombian government decides not to declare a state of emergency amid rebel violence that has killed at least 100 people but vows to maintain public security in upcoming elections, Defense Minister Gilberto Echeverri says. Colombia-rebels LOS ANGELES: "Titanic", the biggest box office hit in cinema history has sailed past the one-billion dollar mark, but questions remain in Hollywood over how the bounty will be split. US-Titanic LOS ANGELES: A California businessman is charged with conspiring to evade US election laws by using straw donors to President Bill Clinton's re-election campaign and later reimbursing them. US-finance-Chung,lead PAGE 24 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 ANTANANARIVO: In 10 days, Madagascar will vote on a constitutional reform granting a wide degree of autonomy to the island's six regions, but the opposition charges it will enable President Didier Ratsiraka to restore dictatorship through the back door. Madagascar-vote BOGOTA: An unprecedented number of candidates have thrown their hats into the ring for Colombia's legislative elections Sunday despite widespread apathy and rebel calls to boycott the vote. Colombia-vote WASHINGTON: A key committee of the House of Representatives approves a bill supporting President Bill Clinton's request for 18 billion dollars for the International Monetary Fund. US-IMF,3rdlead MADRID: Europe, with its long experience in the Middle East, can help revive the Middle East peace process, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says. Spain-Israel-Netanyahu,2ndlead LONDON: The British former nanny convicted of killing her employers' baby in the United States speaks for the first time of her fear of being returned to prison. US-Britain-nanny PAGE 25 Agence France Presse, March 06, 1998 WASHINGTON: A US space probe has found ice on the Moon's surface, a discovery seen as a giant leap toward the colonization of the orb and its use as a launching base for Mars missions. US-Moon,3rdlead LOS ANGELES: In the latest twists in a lingering scandal over questionable contributions to the Democratic party, a Taiwan-born businessman is charged and a Senate report finds "strong circumstantial" evidence China tried to influence US elections in 1996. US-finance We have filed the following features: AUCKLAND: Sensuous, freewheeling brushstrokes of intense colour have endeared art lovers worldwide to New Zealand painter Jane Evans, whose vibrant art belies her battle with crippling illness. NZealand-painter SEATTLE, Washington: Tina Podlodowski, a former Microsoft executive who retired in 1992 as a 32-year-old millionaire, repeats a credo that is fast gaining popularity the newly rich here: "Don't ask me for my money. Ask me for my brains." US-philanthropists LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 06, 1998 PAGE 26 LEVEL 1 - 12 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1998 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse March 04, 1998 16:22 GMT SECTION: International news LENGTH: 1381 words HEADLINE: The AFP 1600 GMT news advisory DATELINE: March 4 BODY: The 1600 GMT news advisory:- Duty Editor: Charles Whelan Tel: Washington (202) 414-0541 TOP WORLD NEWS STORIES ARE NEWS FILE PLANS BY REGION PRISTINA, Yugoslavia International efforts to defuse the crisis in Kosovo gather pace as a militant Albanian group vows revenge against Serbs BAGHDAD A French presidential envoy meets Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein over weapons inspections PHNOM PENH A Phnom Penh military court sentences deposed Cambodian co-premier Prince Norodom Ranariddh to five years in prison STTUGART Former Gestapo solidier Alfons Goetzfried confesses to personally shooting 500 people in Poland in World War II HARARE Zimbabwe's labour movement claims victory in a mass protest against the government's economic policies -- EUROPE -- PRISTINA, Yugoslavia: Ethnic Albanians in the troubled Serbian province PAGE 27 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 of Kosovo call for international intervention, to prevent their confrontation with security forces from igniting a new round of Balkan fighting. Yugo-Kosovo,lead 600 words around 1630 GMT. Picture by Victoria Stegic SARAJEVO: British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook says ahead of a visit to Belgrade that he would press Yugoslav leaders to grant more autonomy to ethnic Albanians in the flashpoint province of Kosovo. Yugo-Kosovo-EU 500 words moved We have already moved Yugo-Kosovo-chrono Yugo-Kosovo-militants We will also move Yugo-Kosovo-reax SARAJEVO: A Bosnian Serb accused of war crimes surrenderes to NATO forces in eastern Bosnia, bringing to 24 the number of suspects in the custody of the international tribunal in the Hague. Bosnia-warcrimes,3rdlead 400 words around 1645 GMT STUTTGART, PAGE 28 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 Germany: Former German Gestapo soldier Alfons Goetzfried has confessed to personally shooting 500 people, including women and children, in a concentration camp in Poland during World War II, court sources say. Germany-Nazi,3rdlead 600 words around 1630 GMT BELFAST: Two lifelong friends -- a Catholic and a Protestant -- shot dead in a bar have paid with their lives for the Northern Ireland peace process which extremists from both sides of the political divide are determined to sabotage. NIreland,lead 600 words around 1615 GMT. Graphic We will also move NIreland-chrono PARIS: France's Socialist government unveils a 51.4 billion franc (8.5 billion dollars) plan to fight deprivation in a country where one household in 10 lives below the poverty line. France-poverty,lead 650 words around 1700 GMT. Graphic by Geoffrey Varley VERSAILLES, France: The trial of a 19-year-old Russian for the PAGE 29 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 murders of his millionaire father and five other people opens amid questions on possible Russian mafia involvement. France-murders,lead 700 words moved by Gerard Dubus MOSCOW: Moscow denounces a Latvian police crackdown on elderly Russian demonstrators in the capital Riga, where inter-ethnic relations have been strained since the Baltic republic regained independence in 1991. Russia-Latvia,2ndlead 500 words around 1630 GMT by Laurence Peter MOSCOW: Deputies give Russia's much-delayed 1998 budget a final reading, authorizing the government to cut spending if tax revenues fall short as Moscow aimes to restore order to state finances following the Asian crisis. Russia-budget,3rdlead 600 words moved by Anton Tikhonov THE HAGUE: Polls are held in the Netherlands for local council elections seen as a dress rehearsal for the more important general election in May. Netherlands-vote,lead 600 words moved PAGE 30 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 by Sabine Gillot BRATISLAVA: Slovak premier Vladimir Meciar grants an amnesty to kidnappers of the son of ex-President Michal Kovac, his arch-rival whose powers he has just assumed, officials say. Slovakia-politics,lead 500 words moved PARIS: OPEC urges oil ministers to meet in Vienna later this month but it is not clear whether member countries are prepared to cut output to reverse a 20 percent slide in prices since they last met three months ago. OPEC-meet,3rdlead 600 words around 1630 GMT by Sue Kendall -- MIDDLE EAST -- BAGHDAD: A French presidential envoy meets Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein to deliver a message from President Jacques Chirac on Iraqi compliance with the latest UN resolution on weapons inspections. Iraq,lead 700 words around 1615 GMT. Pictures. by Steve Kirby. WASHINGTON: In a potential blow to Iran, the United States hopes to convince Ukraine to scrap contracts for the supply of turbines and other parts to the Russian-designed nuclear PAGE 31 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 power plant at Bushehr. US-Ukraine-Iran 600 words around 1630 GMT by Carole Landry JERUSALEM: Israeli President Ezer Weizman is reelected by parliament for a second five-year term, defeating a right-wing challenger backed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Israel-president,lead 600 words moved. Pictures. by Jean-Luc Renaudie. We have also moved Israel-president-bio -- AFRICA -- CAPE TOWN: President Nelson Mandela and the leader of the Anglican Church in Southern Africa meet in a bid to resolve a simmering Church-State row threatening to impact on next year's elections. SAfrica-Mandela-Church 700 words by around 1600 GMT by Michael Hamlyn HARARE: Zimbabwe's labour movement claims victory in a mass protest against the government's economic policies and successfully shuts down the country as a two-day national strike ends. PAGE 32 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 Zimbabwe-unrest,2ndlead 600 words around 1615 GMT by Susan Njanji PARIS: Burundi's military strongman, Pierre Buyoya, has begun a three-day visit to France notably in the hope of bending President Jacques Chirac's ear for help in having African states lift an embargo against his strife-torn country/ France-Burundi,lead 550 words around 1700 GMT by Adnane Zaka PARIS: Controversy resurfaces on France's role in Rwanda ahead of the 1994 genocide after the national assembly decides to open an investigation on the issue that falls short of a fully-fledged parliamentary inquiry. Rwanda-France,lead 600 words around 1630 GMT MORONI: An overwhelming majority of inhabitants of the Comoran island of Anjouan have decided on independence and new institutions in a constitutional referendum, a senior separatist official says. Comoros-Anjouan 400 words moved -- AMERICAS -- PAGE 33 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 WASHINGTON: Fed chairman Alan Greenspan warns Congress that both the future course of the US economy and the prospect of indefinite budget surpluses remain uncertain. US-economy 600 words for 1715 GMT by Nathaniel Harrison WASHINGTON: The voluble William Ginsburg, who critics say talks too much and contradicts himself too often, is the lawyer Monica Lewinsky is counting on to guide her through the White House sex-and-perjury maze. US-Clinton-Ginsburg 500 words around 1930 GMT by Brigitte Dusseau -- ASIA -- PHNOM PENH: A Phnom Penh military court finds deposed Cambodian co-premier Prince Norodom Ranariddh guilty of smuggling weapons in his absence and sentences him to five years in prison. Cambodia-trial,3rdlead 830 words moved by Reach Sambath We have also moved Cambodia-trial-analysis TURBAT, PAGE 34 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 Pakistan: Relief and rescue teams spread out in this remote area of southwestern Pakistan's Baluchistan province, as local officials say they fear around 1,000 may have died in floods. Pakistan-floods,5thlead 550 words moved by Owais Tohid NEW DELHI: India's Hindu nationalists, the dominant force following deadlocked national polls, inch closer to power after a rival party hints it might switch camps following hectic rounds of negotiations. India-vote,2ndlead 600 words moved BEIJING: Premier Li Peng takes over as head of the presidium of China's parliament, signalling the start of a long-anticipated reshuffle at the top of the Chinese leadership. China-NPC,lead 650 words moved by H. Asher Bolande JAKARTA: Thousands of students rally across Indonesia to demand President Suharto's resignation and protest the country's woeful economic conditions. Indonesia,lead. 700 words moved. Picture by Kieron Flynn afp PAGE 35 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 04, 1998 PAGE 36 LEVEL 1 - 13 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1998 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse March 04, 1998 22:06 GMT SECTION: Advisory LENGTH: 1163 words HEADLINE: The AFP 2200 GMT news advisory DATELINE: March 4 BODY: The 2200 GMT news advisory:- Duty Editor: Patrick Moser Tel: Washington (202) 414-0541 TOP WORLD NEWS STORIES ARE NEWS FILE PLANS BY REGION PRISTINA, Yugoslavia World powers called an emergency meeting in London to try to defuse violence between ethnic Albanians and police in Kosovo. BAGHDAD A French presidential envoy meets Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein over weapons inspections STUTTGART Former Gestapo solidier Alfons Goetzfried confesses to personally shooting 500 people in Poland in World War II -- EUROPE -- PRISTINA, Yugoslavia: World powers called an emergency meeting in London to try to defuse escalating violence between ethnic Albanians and police in the Serbian province of Kosovo, stirring fears of a new regional bloodbath Yugo-Kosovo,3rdlead PAGE 37 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 700 words around 2345 GMT by Victoria Stegic WASHINGTON: The US envoy to the Balkans warned of "serious action" against the Serb-led Yugoslav government to stop police violence against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, and indicated US military force remains an option. Yugo-Kosovo-US,2ndlead 650 words words moved by Jim Mannion SARAJEVO: A Bosnian Serb accused of war crimes surrenderes to NATO forces in eastern Bosnia, bringing to 24 the number of suspects in the custody of the international tribunal in the Hague. Bosnia-warcrimes,3rdlead 400 words moved THE HAGUE: The Netherlands' left-wing D-66 party -- part of the governing coalition -- suffered a hammering in local elections, seen as a dress rehearsal for the general election in May. Netherlands-vote,3rdlead Moved 550 words by Sabine Gillot STUTTGART, Germany: Former German Gestapo soldier Alfons PAGE 38 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 Goetzfried has confessed to personally shooting 500 people, including women and children, in a concentration camp in Poland during World War II, court sources say. Germany-Nazi,3rdlead 600 words moved BELFAST: Two lifelong friends -- a Catholic and a Protestant -- shot dead in a bar have paid with their lives for the Northern Ireland peace process which extremists from both sides of the political divide are determined to sabotage. NIreland,lead 600 words moved. Graphic We have moved NIreland-chrono PARIS: France's Socialist government unveils a 51.4 billion franc (8.5 billion dollars) plan to fight deprivation in a country where one household in 10 lives below the poverty line. France-poverty,lead 650 words moved. Graphic by Geoffrey Varley MOSCOW: Moscow denounces a Latvian police crackdown on elderly Russian demonstrators in the capital Riga, where inter-ethnic relations have been strained PAGE 39 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 since the Baltic republic regained independence in 1991. Russia-Latvia,2ndlead 500 words moved by Laurence Peter PARIS: OPEC urges oil ministers to meet in Vienna later this month but it is not clear whether member countries are prepared to cut output to reverse a 20 percent slide in prices since they last met three months ago. OPEC-meet,3rdlead 600 words moved by Sue Kendall -- MIDDLE EAST -- BAGHDAD: A French presidential envoy meets Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein to deliver a message from President Jacques Chirac on Iraqi compliance with the latest UN resolution on weapons inspections. Iraq,2ndlead 700 words around 2215 GMT. Pictures. by Steve Kirby. WASHINGTON: President Bill Clinton is seeking to re-activate the Mideast peace process as Israeli supporters warn him against imposing a troop withrawal plan for the West Bank. US-Mideast 600 words around 2230 GMT PAGE 40 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 by Christian Chaise JERUSALEM: Israeli President Ezer Weizman is reelected by parliament for a second five-year term, defeating a right-wing challenger backed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Israel-president,lead 600 words moved. Pictures. by Jean-Luc Renaudie. We have also moved Israel-president-bio JERUSALEM: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu names Israel's ambassador to the European Union, Ephraim Halevy, to head the troubled Mossad spy agency. Israel-Mossad,2ndlead 600 words moved. Also moved: Israel-Mossad-bio WASHINGTON: In a potential blow to Iran, the United States hopes to convince Ukraine to scrap contracts for the supply of turbines and other parts to the Russian-designed nuclear power plant at Bushehr. US-Ukraine-Iran 600 words moved by Carole Landry -- AFRICA -- ABUJA: Rallies staged to back Nigerian military PAGE 41 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 ruler General Sani Abacha as a presidential candidate drew limited support, while police deployed to prevent a counter-rally. Nigeria-demo Moved 750 words by Jacques Pinto NAIROBI: Kenyan Finance Minister Simeon Nyachae suspended a tax on soft loans to employees of banks and other institutions to avert a general strike. Kenya-strike Moved 600 words HARARE: Zimbabwe's labour movement claims victory in a mass protest against the government's economic policies and successfully shuts down the country as a two-day national strike ends. Zimbabwe-unrest,2ndlead 600 words moved by Susan Njanji PARIS: Burundi's military strongman, Pierre Buyoya, has begun a three-day visit to France notably in the hope of bending President Jacques Chirac's ear for help in having African states lift an embargo against his strife-torn country/ France-Burundi,lead PAGE 42 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 550 words around 1700 GMT by Adnane Zaka PARIS: Controversy resurfaces on France's role in Rwanda ahead of the 1994 genocide after the national assembly decides to open an investigation on the issue that falls short of a fully-fledged parliamentary inquiry. Rwanda-France,lead 600 words moved -- AMERICAS -- MIAMI: A judge throwsw out the results of last November's municipal election here, citing incidents of voter fraud that included at least one ballot from a deceased man counted. US-Florida-election,lead 450 words around 2330 GMT by Marcelo Brusa WASHINGTON: The US House of Representatives begins an impassioned debate on the fate of Puerto Rico and whether speaking English is required to be a full-fledged American. US-PRico,lead 550 words moved by James Robinson WASHINGTON: Fed chairman Alan Greenspan warns Congress that both the future course of the US economy and the prospect of indefinite budget surpluses PAGE 43 Agence France Presse, March 04, 1998 remain uncertain. US-economy 600 words moved by Nathaniel Harrison WASHINGTON: The voluble William Ginsburg, who critics say talks too much and contradicts himself too often, is the lawyer Monica Lewinsky is counting on to guide her through the White House sex-and-perjury maze. US-Clinton-Ginsburg 500 words moved by Brigitte Dusseau -- ASIA -- WASHINGTON: Thailand scores a double victory in Washington, securing a fresh injection of IMF money and a vote of confidence from the United States. US-Thailand-IMF,2ndlead 500 words for 2300 GMT by Nathaniel Harrison LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 04, 1998 PAGE 44 LEVEL 1 - 14 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1996 The New York Times Company The New York Times November 7, 1996, Thursday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section A; Page 12; Column 1; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 1107 words HEADLINE: Zaire Sets Stringent Terms for Effort to Help Refugees BYLINE: By HOWARD W. FRENCH DATELINE: KINSHASA, Zaire, Nov. 6 BODY: Still reeling from the loss of several important cities to Rwandan-backed rebels, the Zairian Government today set stringent conditions for any Western-led intervention on its soil, and vowed to recapture the lands it had lost, whatever the cost. France pressed ahead today with efforts to gain international support for a military intervention in Zaire that would seek to rescue over one million refugees from Rwanda and Burundi, who have been scattered from camps in Zaire by the recent fighting. Relief agencies say they face increasingly grave risk from hunger and disease. But Zairian officials, worried by mounting popular outrage at home over their country's military humiliation by a much smaller nation, and fearing a growing sense of anarchy here, said that any future intervention on behalf of the refugees should focus solely on returning refugees to their home countries. "Our conflict is born of a refugee crisis," Jean-Marie Kititwa Mansi, the Zairian deputy prime minister in charge of foreign relations, said in an interview. "Rwanda professes not to oppose the return of its citizens from Zaire. If the international community wishes to help them now, they will have to do it on Rwandan soil, where they can feed the returnees, provide them medical care and then perhaps help them return to their homes. Not in Zaire." International aid officials share the goal of returning the Hutu refugees to their homes in Rwanda and Burundi, and avoiding a resettlement of refugee camps that became centers of guerrilla resistance to the home governments. But for the last two years the refugees -- some of whom participated in massacres against Tutsi in 1994 -- have refused, fearing reprisals from the Tutsi-dominated governments at home. While France and the United States are discussing plans to open up safe corridors from Zaire to Rwanda and Burundi, such efforts could not succeed without at least temporary aid efforts on Zairian soil. And it remains unclear whether international officials would take the risky step of forcing refugees home against their will. On his way to Central Africa, Raymond Chretien, a United Nations envoy who is charged with staving off the looming disaster, stopped in Nice, France, for talks today with President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire, who is convalescing from PAGE 45 The New York Times, November 7, 1996 surgery for prostate cancer at his Riviera villa. Mr. Chretien said that Mr. Mobutu pledged his support for an international effort aimed at returning the refugees to Rwanda and Burundi, according to Reuters. In seeming reaction to boisterous street demonstrations here denouncing the Government for its weakness, a number of senior Zairian officials have begun taking an increasingly hard line on the crisis with Rwanda. A close associate who returned today from a visit with Mr. Mobutu, who has been in Europe since August and is believed to be in an advanced stage of cancer, said that Mr. Mobutu himself had been "deeply humiliated," by Zaire's loss of control over its eastern provinces. Mr. Mobutu's associate, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said that Mr. Mobutu, who is 66, was not likely to return home before some time next month. Paraphrasing Mr. Mobutu, the associate said: "If it is Zairians who are attacking Zaire, they will be treated as such. If they are invaders, we will deal with them, not just in Zaire, but we will return their trouble all the way back into Rwanda. Even if I'm no longer here. Even if it takes 10 years." Mr. Kititwa Mansi made much the same point, warning that "the international community should know right now that as long as there are Rwandans in Zaire, there can never be peace." Rwanda denies that any of its troops are in Zaire, although its forces are known to have fired artillery across the border and there have been reports of cross-border commando raids. Rwanda is also widely suspected of providing aid to the rebels. It is far from clear that Zaire has the military ability to carry out its threats any time soon. Despite many years and billions of dollars worth of military assistance from partners as varied as the United States, France, Israel, North Korea, and China, the Zairian Army is considered by most observers to be a toothless force that has not had any significant training since 1991. "The Special Presidential Division is their best outfit, and the best of them were employed, fed, housed and commanded by the U.N. to protect the refugee camps," said one Western diplomat. "They are also the guys who just got beaten." The crisis between Zaire and Rwanda has its roots in Hutu-led attacks on Tutsi in Rwanda in 1994 and the civil war that followed, which was won by the Tutsi rebels.. The takeover by a Tutsi-led Government sent as many as one million Rwandan Hutu fleeing into Zaire, where they have languished in refugee camps near the border ever since. Almost from the start of this exodus, Rwanda has accused Zaire of cooperating with leaders of the genocidal attacks on the Tutsi, and of helping armed Hutu groups mount military strikes inside Rwanda. The recent conflict in eastern Zaire, which ended in the capture by rebels of the capitals of Zaire's North and South Kivu provinces, came after Zaire announced last month that it intended to expel all the Banyamulenge, or ethnic Tutsi who had long resided in Zaire, from South Kivu. The bulk of the rebel forces appear to be Zairian Tutsi, although rebel leaders said this week that other ethnic groups were also involved and that the aim was not secession but PAGE 46 The New York Times, November 7, 1996 toppling the Mobutu Government. For many diplomats, the immediate fear is less of a Zairian counter-offensive, however, but rather, the acceleration of a process that has long worried the West: the disintegration of Zaire itself. Zaire's early history as an independent nation in the 1960's was repeatedly scarred by secession attempts by its far-flung provinces. More recently, in 1991 and 1993, as Mr. Mobutu's grip on his country has slipped, the capital, Kinshasa, has been the scene of devastating riots that left hundreds dead. Many here have feared that as tensions mount over the humiliation at the hands of the rebels in the east, Kinshasa, and other major cities could again spin out of control. In recent days, for example, students and others have demonstrated against the Government and hunted down Tutsi, lynching them and destroy their property At least two people were killed in a demonstration yesterday that began at the national university. In response, the Government has stepped up army and police patrols of the streets and issued orders to shoot troublemakers on sight. GRAPHIC: Photos: A young boy walking through a refugee camp outside Gisenyi, Rwanda, near the Zairian border. There is little help for refugees on the Zairian side. (Reuters); President Mobutu Sese Seko on the French Riviera. (Associated Press/France 2) Maps show the location of Kinshasa, Zaire. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: November 7, 1996 PAGE 47 LEVEL 1 - 15 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1996 Inter Press Service Inter Press Service August 20, 1996, Tuesday LENGTH: 730 words HEADLINE: BURUNDI: BOUTROS-GHALI WARNS OF POSSIBILITY OF GENOCIDE DATELINE: UNITED NATIONS, Aug. 20 BODY: Burundi could face genocidal massacres, similar to those that occurred in neighboring Rwanda two years ago, if it does not receive international help, U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali warned. In a report to the U.N. Security Council, the Secretary-General argued that the world "must allow for the possibility that the worst may happen and that genocide could occur in Burundi." "Military intervention to save lives might become an inescapable imperative," he added. Boutros-Ghali called on nations to support U.N. efforts to organize a force, possibly as large as 50,000 soldiers, to deploy in Burundi should tensions worsen between the Tutsi-led military dictatorship and rebel groups led by the Hutu majority. But support for such a force has been lagging. So far, out of some 80 countries asked by the United Nations to lend support for a possible peacekeeping mission, only three -- the African states of Chad, Malawi and Zambia -- have offered to send troops, Boutros-Ghali noted. Three other African states -- Tanzania, Ethiopia and Uganda -- are ready to send troops as part of a voluntary African force planned in recent weeks, U.N. Under-Secretary-General Kofi Annan said recently. But, Annan added, "a voluntary force...simply isn't going to happen that quickly." Speedy action is necessary "before everything blows up in our faces," Annan cautioned. U.N. officials have noted that no Western country has offered to lead a U.N. force -- a move they deem essential for a successful mission. Given Burundi's terrain and land-locked location, Boutros-Ghali said, major logistical and transport support is needed. "The United Nations is ready to help, within its limited capacity. But I am convinced it is a delusion to think that such an operation could be planned, deployed and commanded by the United Nations as if it were a peace-keeping operation," he wrote. President Bill Clinton, who faces election in November, is ambivalent about the prospect of providing U.S. troops for a U.N. mission at this time. But U.S. officials, including U.N. Ambassador Madeleine Albright, maintain that Washington is supporting contingency efforts for Burundi. PAGE 48 Inter Press Service, August 20, 1996 "We have for some time been pressing for a contingency force," Albright said recently. "We would provide logistical support." But she acknowledged, "There will not be any U.S. ground forces." France, Burundi's long-time ally, has also resisted calls to take leadership of a Burundi force, although French troops guarded south-western Rwanda during the 1994 massacres there. U.N. officials have repeatedly warned over the past year that the political crisis in Burundi could lead to a wave of massacres as large as those which wracked Rwanda, similarly divided between a Hutu majority and Tutsi minority, in 1994. At that time, a small U.N. force left at the height of the killings, which as many as one million people may have died. Since the 1993 assassination of President Melchior Ndadaye, Burundi's first elected Hutu head of state, more than 50,000 people have been killed. Killings by both the Tutsi-dominated Army and Hutu extremist rebels have stepped up dramatically in recent weeks. Boutros-Ghali noted that the United Nations had warned in early May that Burundi's fragile coalition government, which then comprised the main Hutu and Tutsi parties, was in danger of being overthrown by the military. Following a massacre of more than 300 people in Gitega province on July 20, the military stepped in, installing former president Major Pierre Buyoya as the head of state. The coup, Boutros-Ghali warned, "will reinforce the fears of one side and strengthen extremists on both sides." But several countries -- including the United States, which contributed funds to Buyoya's private think tank over the past year -- have been wary of taking any strong action against the new government. The U.N. Security Council in recent weeks has refused to make public a report, prepared by an independent commission, which reportedly blames members of the Burundian Army for orchestrating Ndadaye's assassination. A source familiar with the report told IPS that Buyoya is not mentioned as a coup plotter, but that several top Army officials, including the current chief of staff, may have been implicated in the abortive 1993 coup. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: August 21, 1996 PAGE 49 LEVEL 1 - 16 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1996 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur August 10, 1996, Saturday, BC Cycle 12:38 Central European Time SECTION: International News LENGTH: 120 words HEADLINE: Burundi embargo threatens aid, relief group warns DATELINE: Paris BODY: The embargo clamped on Burundi in the wake of the coup there threatens aid to the ravaged country, a relief group warned Saturday. Embargo restrictions would prevent food and medical supplies from reaching civilians, announced Medecins Sans Frontieres. dpa eg LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: August 10, 1996 PAGE 50 LEVEL 1 - 17 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1996 Inter Press Service Inter Press Service July 25, 1996 Friday LENGTH: 582 words HEADLINE: TANZANIA: FRANCE WOOS TANZANIA, BUT WHY? BYLINE: By Lawrence Kilimwiko DATELINE: DAR ES SALAAM, Jul. 25 (AIA/GIN) BODY: -- Crowds thronged the Diamond Jubilee Hall in Dar es Salaam in April to gyrate to the frantic rhythms of Papa Wemba and his hip-swaying dancers. The concert was part of what appears to be France's new diplomatic strategy to exert influence over Rwanda and Burundi through Tanzania.The French embassy has been very busy recently, donating food and other relief support, distributing French literature on diplomatic relations, football and culture. Papa Wemba is one of many groups which have come from France on government-sponsored tours.France's remarkable degree of interest in Tanzania coincided with the outbreak of the Rwanda-Burundi crisis.France accounts for 25 percent of total European aid to Tanzania. Since 1992, France has donated over 8,000 tonnes of food. It has also donated more than Tanzania shillings 450 million (US$ 750,000) for agricultural projects and is supporting food aid projects in Zanzibar."I want this country to be better known in France and for people in Tanzania to know a bit more of France," says French Ambassador Alain du Boispean.Du Boispean has met President Benjamin Mkapa at least twice, with the Rwanda issue featuring prominently.Tanzanian Foreign Minister Jakaya Kikwete has been the first from the country to go to Paris on an official visit.A French frigate has docked at Dar es Salaam for the first time. In May there was a French Week in Dar es Salaam, during which Ambassador du Boispean highlighted the friendship between Tanzania and France. He noted the importance of Tanzania's political stability, its large population of 30 million and its strategic location on the Indian Ocean.He has also said, "Look at the role Tanzania is now playing in the Great Lakes crisis".This statement is the real key to France's new diplomatic, cultural and economic initiative in Tanzania, according to Dr Charles Gasarasi, international relations specialist at the University of Dar es Salaam. He says France is using Tanzania as a path to Rwanda and Burundi, hoping to improve its tarnished reputation over its involvement in the massacres there.Some 700,000 refugees have poured into Tanzania from the two countries, leading to difficult relations in the region.Gasarasi says, "The challenge here is how Tanzania, given her economic dependence, can defend and promote her foreign policy towards her neighbours without a clash of interest with that of her donor, France."Burundi has complained that since the death of President Melchior Ndadaye in 1993, military groups based in Tanzania have tried to overthrow the government and shipped weapons across the border into Burundi. Tanzania has alleged that Burundi soldiers have conducted cross-border raids.Accusation and counter-accusation led to the border being closed and the and the Burundi ambassador being recalled.If France is successful in mediating in the dispute, its reputation will be enhanced enormously.Gasarasi says France can regain prestige and exert influence in Rwanda and Burundi, as well as Zaire and Uganda, by going through the Great Lakes, using Tanzania as the entry point.Ambassador du Boispean says, PAGE 51 Inter Press Service, July 25, 1996 "Obviously the French-speaking countries will still be priority because we are heavily engaged in traditional partnerships, but we are going to show more interest in the English-speaking countries."(Lawrence Kilimwiko is a correspondent for Africa Information Afrique, a news and feature service based in Harare, Zimbabwe.) LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: July 31, 1996 PAGE 52 LEVEL 1 - 18 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1996 Micromedia Limited Canadian Business and Current Affairs Catholic New Times June 23, 1996 SECTION: v.20(13) June 23, 1996 pg 5; ISSN: 0701-0788 CBCA-ACC-NO: 3678751 LENGTH: 698 words HEADLINE: Burundi is burning! Why the silence? BODY: The present situation of Burundi almost defies description. Every day is an explosion of rapes, kidnapping, looting every night is a nightmare of houses burning, light and heavy weapons firing, grenades detonating. The whole nation is held hostage while the forces of hate consume each other. And they consume the people. While tens of thousands have been killed, the number of orphans, widows and displaced persons is in the hundreds of thousands. Burundi has been hurled into fire and blood by those whose duty is to protect and preserve the state. At present, there seems to be some sort of pact between high officials of FRODEBU (the party in power) and senior army commanders. Some of these senior officers, no doubt, were complicit in the violent 1993 putsch that killed President Melchior Ndadaye. Other FRODEBU personalities are thought to be responsible for massacres of Tutsis by Hutus immediately following the coup no doubt they collaborate with the armed gangs of Hutus now spreading terror throughout the countryside. With so many hidden connections corrupting both the legislative power and the defence establishment of Burundi, how will the country emerge from its bloody crisis? Once the worm is in the heart of the fruit, the role of the fruit is simply to provide conditions for the worm's survival. Other forces are assaulting Burundi from outside its borders. The mad extremists of the Parti pour la liberation du peuple hutu (PALIPEHUTU), organized into militias and supported financially by Juvenal Habyarimana, the genocidal ex-president of Rwanda, are agitating for the systematic extermination of all Tutsis. They recruit elements of the former Rwandan army (now residing in refugee camps in Zaire, Tanzania and elsewhere) and organize raids into Burundi. They burn, loot, rape and kill all Tutsis, from infants to elders. They seek to create a purely Hutu state. PAGE 53 Catholic New Times June 23, 1996 When the Burundian army is summoned to protect people from such raids, it generally arrives too late. If the rebels have melted back into the civilian population, what follows, frequently, is another massacre, this one carried out by the army. Soldiers shoot anything that moves. Sometimes the shooting is done not by the army, but by armed groups of Tutsis determined to avenge the Tutsis slaughtered by Hutu bandit groups. Zaire and Tanzania have allowed themselves to become secure headquarters for bands of extremist militias. Military training, re-arming and re-equipping of the bandits goes on in these countries without hindrance. Theoretically, the bandits are refugees. Thus, the fact that they are armed and active shatters all the Geneva conventions governing the behaviour of refugees. Ironically, there are representatives of the UN High Commission for Refugees in Zaire and Tanzania. But they refuse to insist on the disarming of these bandits. No one insists on it. In this lawless conflict, even humanitarian organizations are complicit. Space will not permit me to document this, but France appears to have by far the most disturbing record when it comes to complicity with extremists, and willingness to arm those who seek very violent solutions. To give only one example: in the bilateral arrangements between France and Burundi, military aid has the lion's share--despite the fact that Burundi is an agricultural country with an illiteracy rate of 95 per cent. I am myself a Burundian refugee, now almost two years in Toronto. I beseech all who love peace: do not ignore the agony of Burundi! The international community, intent as it is on the globalization of economies in the interests of the financial world, sits on the fence with regard to Burundi. There is no oil to protect there there is no communism to fight. A whole people is exploding, killing each other in full view of the world, and those who call themselves "civilized and civilizing" do nothing. Let it be far from the family of God throughout the world to keep an equally indifferent silence. May all who call themselves Christian cry out together, without ceasing, until love and peace come to that tortured land. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH JOURNAL-CODE: 0962 LOAD-DATE: July 08, 1999 PAGE 54 LEVEL 1 - 19 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1996 The New York Times Company: Abstracts Information Bank Abstracts PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER May 9, 1996, Thursday SECTION: Section A; Page 19, Column 1 LENGTH: 68 words HEADLINE: MARKING 50 YEARS OF CARING FOR OTHERS BYLINE: BY HOWELL JOURNAL-CODE: PHI ABSTRACT: CARE celebrates 50th anniversary of organization that began by sending cardboard boxes of military surplus food to France in 1946; CARE now offers food, emergency relief and medical, educational and agricultural aid to all parts of globe; original package will be displayed at Smithsonian, and Pres Bill Clinton and 40 members of Congress will pack CARE boxes for children in Burundi to mark day (M) LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: August 20, 1996 PAGE 55 LEVEL 1 - 20 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1996 Gannett Company, Inc. USA TODAY February 23, 1996, Friday, FINAL EDITION SECTION: NEWS; Pg. 4A LENGTH: 466 words HEADLINE: U.S. to compensate Iranians for downing of airliner in '88 BODY: The United States agreed Thursday to pay $ 62 million to compensate families of Iranians killed when a U.S. Navy ship, the Vincennes, accidentally hot down a civilian airliner in the Persian Gulf during the Iran-Iraq war in 1988. All 290 people aboard were killed. Naval officials said human error led them to misidentify the Iranian Airbus as a threat; the Vincennes was battling Iranian gunboats. ETHNIC WARS: With ethnic violence increasing in Burundi, the United Nations considered a rapid intervention force of at least 8,000 soldiers to prevent widespread genocidal massacres, as occurred in neighboring Rwanda in 1994. In Burundi, more than 100,000 people have been killed in violence since the 1993 assassination of the country's first freely elected president, Hutu Melchior Ndadye. Zaire, overwhelmed by about 1 million Hutu Rwandan refugees, said it plans to start closing refugee camps in early March. Refugees warn of violence. FRENCH MILITARY: President Jacques Chirac's plan to slash the size of his nation's armed forces stunned France. Chirac said he would create an all-professional force by 2002 and abolish the draft, a cornerstone of defense policy since the 1789 Revolution. Chirac's plans to cut the armed forces to 350,000 from 500,000 led former defense minister Jean-Pierre Chevenement to declare, "There's never urgency to make bad reforms." The plan needs parliament approval. SOUTH AFRICAN DESEGREGATION: President Nelson Mandela appealed for calm Thursday as black children began attending a former whites-only South African school. A majority of the white students boycotted the school, and white parents threatened to start a new institution. At least 16 black children started their first day with only 20 of the 700 white students at the primary school in Potgietersrus, 150 miles north of Johannesburg. PEOPLE WATCH: REAL ESTATE TYCOON JUERGEN SCHNEIDER left Miami for Germany on Thursday to face fraud charges. Schneider, arrested in Miami last May, had been one of the world's most wanted men. He disappeared from Germany in April 1994 as his European property empire began collapsing under $ 3.5 billion in debt. . . . CARLOS THE JACKAL, the infamous outlaw jailed in Paris for a string of international bombings and hijackings, has been charged in a Sept. 15, 1974, grenade attack at a Paris cafe. Two people were killed and 34 were wounded in the explosion. . . . NATION OF ISLAM MINISTER LOUIS FARRAKHAN's passport will be examined to see whether it was used on his controversial visits to Iraq and Libya, a possible violation of U.S. law, State Department spokesman Nick Burns said. He said Farrakhan was "standing with dictators." Farrakhan, who returns home this weekend, wants to repeat his trip, "if American officials allow me." PAGE 56 USA TODAY, February 23, 1996 GRAPHIC: PHOTO, b/w, Reuters LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: February 24, 1996 PAGE 57 LEVEL 1 - 21 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1995 British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Summary of World Broadcasts November 1, 1995, Wednesday SECTION: Part 5 Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean; AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; EE/D2450/A LENGTH: 199 words HEADLINE: BURUNDI; President discusses international conference with President Chirac in ParisBURUNDI; Five people killed in attack by extremist group in south SOURCE: Source: Radio Burundi, Bujumbura, in French 0430 gmt 1 Nov 95Source: Radio Burundi, Bujumbura, in French 0430 gmt 31 Oct 95 Excerpt from report by Burundi radio on 31st October Kabonga phonetic zone in Makamba south Burundi Province was, during the night of the day before yesterday, once again the target of an attack by armed gangs claiming to be Frolina Front for National Liberation - Hutu extremist grouping elements. Here are the details from Yvonne Ndakayitawa phonetic : Ndakayitawa Security was once again disrupted in Kabonga zone in Nyanza-Lac commune on Lake Tanganyika near the Tanzanian border on the night of Sunday 29th October to Monday. According to members of the security forces, Frolina elements carried out a fresh attack on Gisenga phonetic village at Kabonga at around time indistinct . The Frolina elements this time targeted innocent people, shooting and using grenades. Some 20 houses were burnt down and five people were killed by the attackers. Following the security forces'intervention, the attackers withdrew to the highlands of Mukelezi. At the moment the security forces are continuing to track the assailants, while the people of Gisenga and Kabonga have left the area, fleeing to Nyabigima phonetic and to Nyanza-Lac centre. Only some (?400) people fled to the Burundi-Tanzania border at Banda phonetic , because Tanzanian security forces have refused to let them enter Tanzanian territory. This is happening at a time when the people of Kabonga were recovering after a similar attack on the night of Friday to Saturday when Frolina elements attacked the military post at Kabonga... BODY: [4] Text of report by Burundi radio on 1st November The president's visit to Paris: Mr Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, the president of the republic, is continuing his visit to Paris. He was received yesterday by the French head of state, Jacques Chirac. During their talks, the two officials stressed the necessity for an international conference on peace, stability and development of the Great Lakes region. The Burundian president said support must be given to the idea of an international conference. However he added that he was not in a position to PAGE 58 The British Broadcasting Corporation, November 1, 1995 set a date for the holding of the conference. He pointed out that consultations were under way on organizing the conference. An Elysee spokesman noted that France, Burundi and other countries in the region had come out in favour of the conference on the basis of preparatory work by the UN and OAU. From France's point of view, the agenda should deal with the general problems in the region, in particular that of refugees. Regarding the refugee issue, the president of the Republic of Burundi, Mr Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, said that everything must be done to allow the refugees to return to their countries. LastParaLastPara 5 LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: November 1, 1995 PAGE 59 LEVEL 1 - 22 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1995 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur March 31, 1995, Friday, BC Cycle 13:59 Central European Time SECTION: International News LENGTH: 400 words HEADLINE: France's development help minister opposes intervention in Burundi DATELINE: Paris BODY: French Development Help Minister Bernard Debre Friday opposed military intervention in the central African nation Burundi which appears on the verge of civil war. "For many this is easy and theoretically can be the ideal solution. But this military intervention would be one against the well organized burundian troops and would be a terrible undertaking," Debre told journalists on his return from Burundi. Debre who had mediated between the rival Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups in Burundi said neither France, nor the United States or Belgium were prepared to provide troops for the intervention in Burundi: The minister said even the African states did not want to intervene in Burundi, where clashes between the two rival tribes on the lines of last year's Rwanda violence are feared. Debre said there was need to create better understanding between the two rival tribes and combat hate. He said France was keen to help train the local police to provide protection to Hutu and Tutsi politicians. France would also help rebuild the houses destroyed in the recent disturbances in the Burundian capital Bujumbura besides provideing 7,000 tons of foodstuffs to Burundi and 5,000 tons to Rwanda, he said. dpa mvb LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 31, 1995 PAGE 60 LEVEL 1 - 23 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1995 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur March 30, 1995, Thursday, BC Cycle 21:19 Central European Time SECTION: International News LENGTH: 214 words HEADLINE: Francophone movement to send delegation to Burundi DATELINE: Paris BODY: Foreign ministers of 47 French-speaking countries meeting at the Francophone summit in Paris Thursday decided to send a delegation of ministers to Burundi. The ministers are to assist efforts to mediate between the parties to the conflict in Burundi and help avoid genocide like that which occurred in neighbouring Rwanda. The one-day summit chaired by Benin's Foreign Minister Robert Dossou centred on efforts to increase the movement's political role. The issue of organizational reform was also addressed. The next summit is scheduled in Benin in December. dpa cro LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: March 31, 1995 PAGE 61 LEVEL 1 - 24 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1995 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur January 24, 1995, Tuesday, BC Cycle 15:34 Central European Time SECTION: International News LENGTH: 560 words HEADLINE: Volunteer doctors lament ineffectiveness of aid without politics DATELINE: Paris BODY: The international aid organisation "Doctors Without Frontiers" (Medecins Sans Frontieres/MSF) lamented in its annual report Tuesday that humanitarian aid was ineffective unless it was backed by political will. The organisation, which deployed around 2,000 volunteer doctors from 45 countries in a total of 70 countries last year, also warned of what it called "conflict fatigue", saying the public was becoming increasingly oblivious to bloodshed and suffering around the world. In more than two years - from spring 1992 to summer 1994 - the war in Bosnia alone claimed the lives of some 200,000 people and reduced three million people to refugees, said the MSF report. "The organisations still present in the enclaves are completely helpless in the face of the tragedy which is unfolding before their eyes," said the MSF. "Since aid for the victims is linked to all manner of political dealings, we have restricted ourselves to maintaining a social service for what has become an imprisoned city," said the report referring to the siege of the Bosnian capital Sarajevo by Bosnian Serb forces which surround the city. The indifference of the international community was highlighted by the crisis in the eastern African country of Burundi where between 50,000 and 80,000 people have been killed in massacres and a further 700,000 left as refugees, said the report. "The crisis in Burundi is a good example of the double-speak and of the international community distancing itself at times of crisis, something which the media has scarcely touched upon," said the MSF report. The doctors' organisation warned that smaller conflicts around the world were in danger of being forgotten completely. It said one such example was in the Zairean province of Shaba where the ethnic Kasai population was being subject to "ethnic cleansing". dpa mb LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: January 24, 1995 PAGE 62 LEVEL 1 - 25 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1994 The New York Times Company The New York Times October 28, 1994, Friday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section A; Page 6; Column 1; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 1038 words HEADLINE: In Africa, the U.S. Takes a Back Seat BYLINE: By HOWARD W. FRENCH, Special to The New York Times DATELINE: ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast, Oct. 27 BODY: When the Deputy Secretary of State, Strobe Talbott, set out for Africa last week on his first diplomatic mission here, he openly acknowledged that for him, as for much of the American foreign policy establishment, this continent was "terra incognita." And from the very first stop, Bujumbura, Burundi's capital, the trip was full of reminders that for much of Africa visits by high-level American officials are just as unfamiliar an experience. The Air Force plane on which Mr. Talbott was traveling touched down in Bujumbura late last Friday for a quick refueling stop on its way to Zimbabwe during which he planned to hold a 45-minute discussion with the Foreign Minister of Burundi on the ethnic conflict that has riven that country and neighboring Rwanda. The only problem was that by the time the talks were completed, no one had bothered to refuel the plane. In fact, American Embassy officials soon discovered, the airport was effectively closed for business and the people who ordinarily handle refueling were nowhere to be found. In the first of several sharp reminders of whose influence penetrates most deeply in Africa, including countries like Burundi, a former Belgian colony, Mr. Talbott's tightly scheduled journey resumed only after a resident official from a French airline who held the key to the airport fuel depot was roused and persuaded to turn the pumps on. In Harare, Zimbabwe, where Mr. Talbott had scheduled talks on managing regional conflicts -- the theme of the entire trip -- his presence, however welcome, seemed the source of confusion for many, who were unused to visits by Americans of his rank. For years, much of United States policy on Africa has been run by freewheeling Assistant Secretaries of State like Chester A. Crocker and Herman Cohen with what has seemed here little visible input or interest from higher levels in Washington. In Zimbabwe, and elsewhere on a trip that covered six countries, the presence at Mr. Talbott's side of the current Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, George E. Moose, left many perplexed about the role of the Deputy PAGE 63 The New York Times, October 28, 1994 Secretary of State. After Mr. Talbott spoke at a military academy on the importance of regional peacekeeping, a Zimbabwean journalist, echoing a puzzlement detected at several stops, approached an American colleague with this question: "Who is this Mr. Talbott? I mean is he really someone important?" Mr. Talbott had other reasons to wonder briefly about his importance here when it proved impossible to see Zimbabwe's President, Robert Mugabe, on the Saturday that had been scheduled for the working part of his visit. Only on Sunday, after Mr. Talbott had flown to Malawi, the next country on the itinerary, did Zimbabwean officials signal their President's willingness to see the American diplomat, if only he would be so kind as to return. Mr. Talbott obliged, juggling his schedule in Malawi for a lightning trip to Harare for what by all accounts turned out to be constructive talks about ending conflicts in nearby Mozambique and Angola. Members of his party said afterward that the scheduling problem seemed due at least in part to the pique of his host that the last three American officials of any rank to visit Zimbabwe had come, like Mr. Talbott, on a Saturday, insisting that Mr. Mugabe make time for them. Jetting off for Zaire, Mr. Talbott's party was at pains to explain why they had agreed to a fueling stop in Kinshasa, Zaire, to meet with the country's recently appointed Prime Minister, Kengo wa Dondo, for what would inevitably appear to some as an embrace of the longtime dictator Mobutu Sese Seko. Mr. Kengo, they said, had begun to undertake bold economic reforms. "You can't attack Mobutu head on without bringing on something cataclysmic," one official said. "The trick for us is to incrementally extend legitimacy to Kengo without letting Mobutu hijack it for himself." Leaving Kinshasa for Ghana 45 minutes later, after a quick session with Mr. Kengo in the VIP lounge, the American delegation could scarcely repress a somewhat different appraisal of the situation in Zaire. American aides had been left waiting in a steamy transit lounge with severe looking but loudly dressed security agents and hostesses dressed in tightly wrapped dyed cloth who passed out beer in long-stemmed glasses. Climbing back aboard the Air Force plane, a senior official exclaimed, "Yucky!" Another proclaimed the milling agents in their dark glasses reminiscent of the Tontons Macoute in Haiti and said, apparently in an allusion to Mr. Mobutu, "You kind of get the feeling that they were not exactly Kengo's security." France has led the way in urging Western cooperation with Mr. Kengo, and that country's long diplomatic shadow was evident almost everywhere on the trip. Nowhere was it more evident than in the Ivory Coast, where Mr. Talbott concluded his African journey on Wednesday. In talks in Ghana, officials in that former English colony complained bitterly about the strong French influence in the region, which they said usually worked against Mr. Talbott's stated aim of getting Africans to unite across the colonial language divide and work together on a regional level to PAGE 64 The New York Times, October 28, 1994 contain conflicts in their neighborhoods. Mr. Talbott arrived in the Ivory Coast on Tuesday eager to urge that this most French of France's former colonies take the lead diplomatically in working with countries like Ghana to end a five-year-old civil war in neighboring Liberia. But from his address at the National Assembly before openly dozing legislators to the end of his stay here, it often seemed to members of Mr. Talbott's delegation not only that they were literally not speaking the same language as their Ivoirian hosts, but also that this country is so unaccustomed to thinking about Washington as a factor in West Africa that its officials had often only politely pretended to hear out the American's message. As the meetings wound down, with little reply to Washington's diplomatic urgings from Ivoirian leaders other than a request for refugee aid, one official said with a note of resignation, "I think we are going to have work with Paris a little bit on this one." GRAPHIC: Map of Africa. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: October 28, 1994 PAGE 65 LEVEL 1 - 26 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1994 Inter Press Service Inter Press Service April 19, 1994, Tuesday LENGTH: 512 words HEADLINE: RWANDA-POLITICS: FRESH ROUND OF PEACE TALKS SET FOR WEEKEND BYLINE: By Paul Chintowa DATELINE: DAR ES SALAAM, Apr. 19 BODY: Rwanda's interim government and rebels are scheduled to meet in Tanzania on Apr. 23 in another attempt to set the derailed peace process in the central African nation back on track and avoid further bloodshed. A Tanzanian government statement said the one-day meeting in the northern town of Arusha will involve the interim government, the rebel Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) and observer countries. "The aim of the meeting is to discuss and agree to an end to the current killings in Rwanda," the statement said. The meeting comes two weeks after the death of Presidents Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda and Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi, killed when the plane in which they were travelling was hit by a rocket as it was approached Kigali airport. The two had been returning from a regional peace summit in Tanzania. Tanzanian President Ali Hassan Mwinyi convened the Apr. 23 meeting following the deterioration of the situation in the former Belgian colony and the failure of U.N. peacekeepers to stop the fighting. Since Apr. 6, more than 20,000 people have died there in fighting between government troops and the RPF as well as civilian massacres, according to press reports. Late last week, a U.N.-brokered meeting between the belligerents resolved nothing. Also last week, the United States appealed to Tanzania to help the two warring parties to stop fighting. Earlier, Mwinyi had told a U.S. envoy that he was in contact with the leaders of other east and central African nations with the aim of setting the Rwanda peace process in motion once again. Tanzania had hosted meetings arranged by the Organization of African Unity (OAU) that led to the signing of the Arusha peace accord between the Rwandese government and the RPF on Aug. 4, 1993. The pact had ended a bloody, three-year civil war which started when the RPF, a mainly Tutsi movement, had invaded northern Rwanda from Uganda in October 1990, with an estimated 10,000 troops. PAGE 66 Inter Press Service, April 19, 1994 However, political bickering caused the accord to remain a dead letter and, when Habyarimana died, fighting broke out again. "We hope the warring parties will come up with a positive agreement in order to restore peace," a Western diplomat told IPS here today. Belgium, France, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya and Zaire are among countries expected to take part in the Apr. 23 meeting, said a foreign ministry official here. Belgium and France evacuated their nationals from the war-torn country last week, but thousands of people from other African nations are still stranded there. Three Tanzanian truck drivers were killed and about 300 others have been blocked in the Rwanda capital, Kigali, as a result of the fighting. Reports reaching here said the truckers had ferried in about 3,000 tons of food aid for famine-stricken Rwandese before the war erupted. "We are still investigating," a statement by the ministry said here today. And about 5,000 Zairians who have sought refuge in their embassy in Kigali have urged the United Nations to help them return home, according to radio reports monitored here. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: April 20, 1994 PAGE 67 LEVEL 1 - 27 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1994 The British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Summary of World Broadcasts April 15, 1994, Friday SECTION: Part 5 Africa and Latin America; AFRICA; RWANDA; AL/1972/A; LENGTH: 94 words HEADLINE: [7]; RPF radio says Burundi refuses entry to Rwandan government escapees SOURCE: (a) Radio Muhabura in French 0500 gmt 14 Apr 94 BODY: Excerpts from report by Rwandan Patriotic Front radio More than 200 people who fled Kigali are currently in transit at Bujumbura international airport, Burundi. Among them are several members of the former regime who are accused of flagrant violation of human rights... These people, as we said earlier who are [word indistinct] Rwandan blood, are currently stuck at Bujumbura international airport, as Burundi has refused them entry into its territory. They want to be taken to Paris, France, and Burundi has given France 36 hours to comply with the wish... LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: April 14, 1994 PAGE 68 LEVEL 1 - 28 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1994 The New York Times Company The New York Times April 14, 1994, Thursday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 3; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 1629 words HEADLINE: Anarchy Rules Rwanda's Capital And Drunken Soldiers Roam City BYLINE: By DONATELLA LORCH, Special to The New York Times DATELINE: KIGALI, Rwanda, April 13 BODY: Food had run out, drinking water was scarce and the streets of this capital city, empty of residents, was a terrifying obstacle course today of drunken soldiers and marauding gangs of looters dressed in a patchwork of uniforms, armed with machetes, spears, bows and arrows and automatic weapons. Children carried hand grenades, and open-back trucks, loaded with angry men waving weapons at passing cars, sped through the city. As night fell, screams could be heard coming from a church compound where more than 2,000 Rwandans had taken refuge. A short time later, after the sound of machine-gun fire, the screaming stopped. As tribal and political violence that began last week continued unabated, with tens of thousands of deaths reported, the evacuation of foreigners, most of them Belgians, was completed today by Belgian troops. Rwanda is a former Belgian colony. The French and Belgian troops were still at the airport but were to leave on Thursday in accordance with an ultimatum by rebel troops that required all foreign soldiers to be out of Rwanda by midday. As soon as the foreign military pulls out, Rwandans and officials of the International Committee of the Red Cross expect rebel troops to begin a major offensive to take Kigali. On Tuesday the interim government fled to the town of Gitarama, about 30 miles southwest of the capital. Rebel officials said the attack was meant to end the chaos and bloodshed in the capital, but many here worried that it would only provoke another cycle of violence and killing. "And the tragedy is that I don't know whether anyone will be able to stop it," said Philippe Gaillard, the head of the International Red Cross here. "When you negotiate with people with machetes, how can you make them understand about humanitarian neutrality?" Tens of thousands of refugees who left the city during the past few days still lined the road south toward neighboring Burundi, walking with little more than the clothes they wore and a few bags. Although the thousands of rotting bodies that have littered the streets were cleared up with bulldozers and trucks on Tuesday, the streets of each neighborhood are barricaded by roadblocks -- some belonging to the Rwandan Army, others to the presidential guard and still others to looters. PAGE 69 The New York Times, April 14, 1994 Officials of the International Red Cross, the only foreigners left in Kigali except for journalists and the 2,500-member United Nations military contingent, said the tension and terror in the city had steadily increased since the fighting began last Wednesday. It was virtually impossible for anyone to move around in the capital. "There is nothing these people can do," said Mr. Gaillard. "The only thing left to do is to save your skin. Many, many people have been killed. I guess every Rwandan is fighting against his own brother and this is very sad. I asked the Minister of Transport to organize the pickup of the bodies. He looked into my eyes. He said, 'It is impossible to say how many died because it is so awful.' " Fighting broke out last Wednesday after the Rwandan President, Juvenal Habyarimana, was killed in a suspicious plane explosion here that also took the life of Burundi's President, Cyprien Ntaryamira. Both men were members of the Hutu, the majority tribe in both countries that has long been subject to the political domination of the minority Tutsi tribe, members of which make up the rebel army. Their deaths fed a centuries-old tribal hatred that erupted into an all-out battle for political control and spawned a terror campaign in Kigali by troops loyal to Mr. Habyarimana. As the showdown for Kigali approaches, this city of gently rolling lush green hills has become the site of a free-for-all. No one is in control and discipline is nonexistent, even within the Rwandan military ranks. The rebels control at least three neighborhoods of the city, and officials say there are some 2,000 of them in the capital out of a total force of about 20,000. The Rwandan Army also numbers in the tens of thousands, many of whom are highly undisciplined conscripts. A Game of Chance For many, survival in Kigali is a game of chance. With food stores closed and then looted, food is a rarity. Today, for the first time since the battle began, the Red Cross distributed 30 tons of food to 6,000 people. Many city residents have either fled or taken refuge in churches or hotels. Eighteen Belgian nuns and lay brothers abandoned a hilltop hospital for the insane, leaving behind 200 patients, The Associated Press reported. As the Belgians were picked up by an armored Belgian convoy, the hospital administrator, Gerard Van Selst, said he had no illusions about the fate of the patients or of the 500 Tutsi refugees camped out there. "They're finished," he said. "A huge number will be killed." At the Milles Collines Hotel, in the heart of the city, there is CNN, but no food. The rooms are full of Rwandan military families who have taken refuge here and who tend to stay in their rooms or huddle and talk in dark hallways. The hotel is also the headquarters for about 20 foreign journalists, whose presence the families hope will somehow protect them from attack by the rebels. Looting for Food PAGE 70 The New York Times, April 14, 1994 The only way to get food or cars and gasoline is by looting houses and embassies. Many Rwandans have taken to sewing homemade scarves with a Red Cross emblem, hoping it will save their lives. "We came here because of the security," said a woman who would give her name only as Agnes and said she had traveled with five other families from the northern suburbs of the city. "There was so much killing and everybody was running so we ran also." A Plea to Outsiders About 30 Red Cross workers and a half-dozen members of Doctors Without Borders are the only relief workers left in the city. Besides distributing food, the Red Cross brought in surgical teams and five trucks with 25 tons of medical equipment by convoy from Bujumbura, Burundi. Starting Thursday the Red Cross planned to set up its own hospital in Kigali as well as help pick up the wounded from churches. The doctors also brought a surgical team, but it has been difficult for them to work here. On Tuesday the Hutu radio station accused the Red Cross of using its convoys to help only Tutsi wounded. The Red Cross suspended operations for a day until the radio rescinded its broadcast. "We haven't been able to evacuate the wounded to a hospital," said Mr. Gaillard. "It is not possible to go everywhere because fighting is high. They have been gathered in churches and many haven't eaten for six days or a week. Trucks will go out with food to the churches tomorrow and try and bring the wounded to the hospital. I hope the international community and the donors will not forget this little country in Africa and will come once more to help the people." But even with good contacts on all sides, nothing can be taken for granted by the Red Cross. Its convoy from Burundi had no trouble until it reached Gitaram, where it met up with two cars from the Kigali office that came to help talk it through the roadblocks. At first the barricades were manned mostly by relaxed army soldiers. But the roadblocks multiplied as the convoy approached Kigali and were often little more than half a mile apart. No one seemed to be in charge. At one barricade, as a soldier waved on the trucks, two others demanded that they stop and pointed their stick grenades at the lead car and truck. A Rwandan soldier, brandishing a knife, threatened to slash the truck tires unless all the vehicles were immediately unloaded. By midday most of the soldiers seemed drunk, many swigging beer and homemade whisky. Rwandans fleeing the fighting filled the roads. 'Do Not Panic' The most difficult area to navigate, even with the help of a Rwandan Army colonel as a guide, was the last mile or so on the outskirts of Kigali, where there was sporadic heavy fighting today. "You will hear the whistle of bullets over your head," said Mr. Gaillard to the convoy passengers as he briefed them beforehand. "Do not panic. Duck PAGE 71 The New York Times, April 14, 1994 down." A few dead bodies were lying on the side of the road, which was empty except for the militia and looters at the checkpoints. The groups of men at the barricades brandished machetes, guns and spears, surrounding the passing cars and peering threateningly through the windows. The last several hundred yards were driven crouched down in the car to avoid any shooting. In town all the stores were barricaded and closed down, and many streets empty of cars. But everywhere -- on doorsteps, in driveways and along the road -- were men with knives and guns. -------------------- Special to The New York Times UNITED NATIONS, April 13 -- The Rwandese Popular Front has agreed to hold peace talks with Government representatives on Thursday in Kigali, Colin Keating, ths month's Security Council President, announced tonight, Mr. Keating, New Zealand's representative to the Council, called the announcement the "first encouraging development" since the crisis began. The peace talks have been arranged by the United Nations mediator in Rwanda and the commander of the 2,500-member peacekeeping force there. Earlier today, Belgium informed the United Nations that it planned to withdraw its 400 soldiers from the peacekeeping force "at the earliest possible date." Belgian diplomats said the move was necessary because of a strong current of anti-Belgian feeling in the strife-torn capital. As a result of Belgium's decision, Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali told the Security Council tonight that he was drawing up contingency plans to withdraw the entire force "should this prove necessary." GRAPHIC: Photos: Rwandans ran to seek help from Belgian soldiers who arrived to evacuate foreigners from Kigali yesterday. (Associated Press) (pg. A1); Under fire from rebels, Belgian paratroopers evacuated workers yesterday from a psychiatric hospital in Kigali, Rwanda's capital. (Agence France-Presse) (pg. A12) Map of Rwanda showing locaiton of Kigali. (pg. A12) LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: April 14, 1994 PAGE 72 LEVEL 1 - 29 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1994 The Washington Post The Washington Post April 10, 1994, Sunday, Final Edition SECTION: FIRST SECTION; PAGE A1 LENGTH: 1592 words HEADLINE: Westerners Begin Fleeing Rwanda; 170 Americans Leave by Convoy SERIES: Occasional BYLINE: Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post Foreign Service DATELINE: NAIROBI, Kenya, April 9 BODY: Foreigners began fleeing blood-soaked Rwanda today -- some by air and others, including Americans, overland in convoys -- as international aid workers found scenes of unspeakable horror from three days of tribal slaughter in the Rwandan capital: bodies littering the streets and, outside the main hospital, a pile of corpses six feet high. French paratroopers landed at the airport in Kigali, the Rwandan capital, and Belgium and the United States positioned hundreds of their troops in central Africa to begin mass evacuations -- possibly Sunday -- of about 1,500 Belgian, 600 French and the remaining 85 American citizens in Rwanda. Three convoys carrying 170 Americans departed Kigali for neighboring Burundi, and one of the convoys crossed the border before it closed at nightfall, a U.S. military spokesman said. The Americans in the remaining convoys were spending the night at a Danish hospital near the border, said the spokesman, U.S. Army Col. Robert Mirelson of the U.S. European Command in Stuttgart, Germany. Standing by in Bujumbura, the Burundian capital, were 330 U.S. Marines flown in by helicopter this morning from American warships off Somalia, Mirelson said. "Their mission really is contingency, in case there's any problem with the evacuation of U.S. citizens," he said. So far, he added, there have been no "reports of any trouble or confrontation or anything along those lines" involving Americans. Once the American evacuees reach Bujumbura, they will be flown by U.S. Air Force C-141 transport jets to Nairobi, the Kenyan capital. Two C-141s arrived in Bujumbura today, and two others were standing by in Mombassa, on the Kenyan coast, Mirelson said. About 280 French paratroops seized the Kigali airport at dawn today, according to a French announcement, but troops of the Rwandan Presidential Guard later used trucks to block the runway to prevent more planes from landing. PAGE 73 The Washington Post, April 10, 1994 As night fell over the embattled capital, and the sounds of machine-gun fire and mortar rounds resumed after a brief daytime lull, control of the airport -- and the evacuation plans -- remained in doubt. However, the Foreign Ministry in Paris announced late tonight that the first evacuation flight of 43 French nationals had managed to take off. It said other rescue flights would probably wait until after daylight Sunday. [In Washington, President Clinton said in his weekly radio address from the White House that he was "deeply concerned about the continuing violence" in Rwanda, "and I want you to know that we're doing all we can to ensure (the Americans') safety." The president asked Americans to "join together ... in praying for their safety and for a return to peace in Rwanda."] It was a flight at the Kigali airport that ignited Rwanda's ethnic explosion this week. Wednesday night, a plane carrying Presidents Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda and Cyrpien Ntaryamira of neighboring Burundi crashed on landing, and the two leaders were killed. The Rwandan government, dominated by the majority Hutu tribe, immediately announced that rebels of the minority Tutsi tribe had shot down the plane with rockets. Rwanda quickly degenerated into a tribal bloodbath. The 700 troops of the now leaderless Presidential Guard and a 600-member rebel force engaged in open warfare on Kigali's streets, and roving Hutu death squads and youths armed with machetes and panga knives went on killing sprees, executing and mutilating their victims, either Tutsis or their Hutu sympathizers. Among the dead, reported in the thousands, were prime minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana, at least 10 Belgian U.N. peacekeepers and 19 Catholic clerics. There were reports today of continued gunfire across the capital that grew more intense by early evening, but for a few hours Kigali residents received a respite from the fierce battles of Thursday and Friday, and from mortar shells raining down on their neighborhoods. Some foreign aid workers were able to venture outside for their first horrifying glimpse at the battlefield that Kigali has become. One report, from the French medical relief group Doctors Without Borders, said bodies were piled at least six feet high outside of Kigali's main hospital, and one worker said the pile contained at least 400 victims. The group's spokeswoman in Nairobi, Samantha Bolton, said the French medical team was at the hospital and hundreds of injured people came in with bullet wounds and cuts from machetes. "The doctors were overwhelmed," she said. Most of the victims needed surgery, but an agency surgical team was stranded in Bujumbura, unable to get to Kigali, she said. Bolton said the French medical team and one from the International Red Cross were forced to flee the hospital and return to their homes at 3 p.m. when heavy fighting again erupted, with greater intensity than before. "It's getting worse," she said. Today's evacuations came after a group of Rwandan politicians, mostly aligned with the late president, claimed to have established a new interim government headed by the parliamentary speaker, Theodore Sindikubwabo. In a broadcast on state radio, Sindikubwabo said his goal was to try to impose some semblance of order on the country. PAGE 74 The Washington Post, April 10, 1994 Habyarimana's apparent assassination and the orgy of killing that followed left Rwanda without a government. Constitutional council president Joseph Kavaruganda, who would have been interim president following Habyarimana's death, also was a victim of Kigali's bloodbath, along with the first vice president of the Social Democratic Party, Felicien Ngango, Labor and Social Affairs Minister Landouald Ndasingwa, Information Minister Faustin Rucogoza, Agriculture Minister Frederic Nzamurambaho and Finance Minister Marc Rungera. Three opposition parties, in a statement released in Paris today, said the death of Habyarimana, a Hutu, "gave a pretext to the Presidential Guard to exterminate the Tutsi minority and liquidate the politicians who are not in the presidential movement," the Reuter news agency reported. "Thus, thousands and thousands of innocent citizens have already been massacred and the opposition political class has been decimated," said the statement, signed in Bujumbara by leaders of the Inkinzo, Raddes and Uprona parties. Guerrillas of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, which had battled Habyarimana's troops to a standstill in three years of civl war, immediately rejected the new interim government and vowed to launch an all-out attack on Kigali. "We cannot accept the new president," said Maj. Gen. Paul Kagame, the rebel commander, in a broadcast on the rebel radio station monitored in neighboring Uganda. "He is among those who are linked to the murder of civilians in Kigali." "We are moving on Kigali," the rebel leader announced in his broadcast. He said, "Anyone who attempts to stop them [the rebel troops] is our enemy." He also urged government troops to switch sides and fight with the guerrillas. A rebel spokeswoman in Kampala, the Ugandan capital, told Agence-France Press that French troops in Kigali should confine their activities to evacuating foreign nationals, and she warned the French not to interfere with the progress of the advancing rebel forces. A similar rebel statement from their Brussels headquarters warned France as well as Belgium and the United States to limit their intervention to removing their nationals and not to provide any backing for the new government in Rwanda. "The Rwandan Patriotic Front will not give any warning to those who seek to transform what they claim as humanitarian missions into military assistance for autocratic regimes which are close to the end," the statement said. From Mulindi, a town about 45 miles north of the capital, foreign journalists traveling behind rebel lines reported that it appeared the offensive had already begun. Initial reports from there said distant shelling could be heard during the day, and a U.N. observer was quoted telling reporters that the rebels seemed to be advancing along a broad front from at least three separate positions. Reuter reporter Aidan Hartley, accompanying the rebels, reported from Mukarange, Rwanda, that the guerrillas and government forces pounded each other with mortars from hilltop trenches today, and that the rebels said they intended to slip around government defenses near the capital. PAGE 75 The Washington Post, April 10, 1994 "There are ways of going around defenses to get to a place and leave the battlefront behind," rebel Col. Frank Mugambage said from the battlefront at Mukarange, about 40 miles north of Kigali. "The idea is to get to Kigali... . We can take care of the enemy left behind later." The report said rebel officers claimed the guerrillas have advanced their main positions to within 20 miles of the capital. The Rwandan army is believed to number about 30,000 men, and the guerrillas are thought to have between 15,000 and 20,000. The rebels, however, are considered more cohesive, better motivated and more experienced bush fighters. Hartley described teen-age rebels splashing through the muddy steep trenches, and cupping their hands to their ears in Mukarange to hear the sound of a mortar being launched on the opposite hillside. "He has launched one," said a wide-eyed youth, ducking into an earth bunker on the side of the trench and then bursting into laughter as the mortar bomb exploded some way off. With a tin hat cramped on his head and a crucifix around his neck, a rebel stood grinning as his comrade popped a bomb in the mortar tube and sent it whistling across the valley. GRAPHIC: PHOTO, AN AMERICAN EVACUEE CARRIES CHILDREN AS SHE ARRIVES IN KANYARU, 70 MILES NORTHWEST OF THE BURUNDI CAPITAL, BUJUMBURA, AFTER CROSSING RWANDA BORDER. AP LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: April 8, 1994 PAGE 76 LEVEL 1 - 30 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1993 The British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Summary of World Broadcasts November 8, 1993, Monday SECTION: Part 5 Africa and Latin America; AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; AL/1840/A; LENGTH: 468 words HEADLINE: [10]; French troops arrive in Bujumbura; France resumes cooperation SOURCE: (a) Radio Burundi, Bujumbura, in French 1800 gmt 5 Nov 93 BODY: Text of report Around [as heard] 15 French soldiers arrived in Bujumbura this afternoon as part of the military cooperation [agreement] between France and Burundi. They were welcomed at Bujumbura airport by Col Charles Ntakije, the Burundian defence minister, who briefed [correspondent] Gerard Furanzima [phonetic] on the mission of the French soldiers: [Ntakije - recording] The group of French soldiers is here following a request by the government. The government expressed the need to have a [personal] safety detachment. Under the cooperation [agreement] already existing between France and Burundi at the military level, they have just sent another group of DAMI elements - DAMI means Detachment of Military Assistance for Training [French: Detachement d'Assistance Militaire d'Instruction] - to train a force out of our own soldiers, to train a protection group for the government, to allow the government to deal with its business in a more reassured [words indistinct]. [A] (?Does it mean) now that each Burundian minister will have one French gendarme and one Burundian gendarme attached to them to ensure his or her personal safety ? [A] It has not been designed in that manner. We are going hold discussions with the group in order to define a more adequate formula, but it will be mainly our soldiers - the selected ones - who are going to deal with the protection after acquiring know-how on personal safety of officials from the French who have come to train them. A large number [of French soldiers] have been sent this time in order to do things in the shortest time possible. Formerly we counted on two, three. In fact we had already made a request and four of them had already arrived to train a contingent and they needed about three months [to complete the training]. Now we are going to accelerate the training [and complete it] in a shorter period because there are urgent security needs. [Q] Is it possible to know when the government will come out of its exile at the French embassy here in Bujumbura? [A] Well, there is a security commission which has started examining the issue and which has not yet handed over its findings. As soon as the findings are handed over, the following information will be made public: when the government will come out and where it will go to when it comes out. [End of PAGE 77 The British Broadcasting Corporation, November 8, 1993 recording] That was Col Charles Ntakije speaking to Gerard Furanzima. It is worth noting that 14 other French soldiers had already arrived in Bujumbura a few days ago within the legal framework that each embassy has to ensure its safety should it judge that it is operating under insecure conditions. They also came to improve the embassy's communications system following unpredictable breakdowns in the national telephone system. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: November 7, 1993 PAGE 78 LEVEL 1 - 31 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1993 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse November 5, 1993 SECTION: News LENGTH: 747 words HEADLINE: French military advisers to train Burundian troops DATELINE: BUJUMBURA BODY: BUJUMBURA, Nov 5 (AFP) - Some 15 French military advisers arrived here Friday to train Burundian forces in protecting the country's leadership following last month's coup attempt. They arrived at the request of the Burundian government, which has called for foreign protection of its ministers following a coup bid on October 21 in which President Melchior Ndadaye and several of his aides were murdered. The new advisers, mostly members of France's elite GIGN anti-terrorist police, will join four other GIGN members already in the capital under a programme decided before the coup attempt. In particular they will be called on to protect government ministers, most of whom are still sheltering in the French embassy here, where they took refuge after the coup. Government spokesman Jean-Marie Ngendahayo said they would leave the shelter "in a matter of days." The new arrivals, seen arriving at the airport by an AFP correspondent, were to be welcomed by Defence Minister Lieutenant Colonel Charles Ntakije. Two military companies are to be set up, made up of Burundian soldiers chosen for their loyalty to the government as well as for their ability, according to government officials. French officials said the new advisers were a "reinforcement of military cooperation between France and Burundi." About 20 military staff are stationed in Burundi permanently. France is the former colonial power in the country. But the French defence attache in Bujumbura, Colonel Michel Cabriere said: "There is no way that we will have a French soldier at the side of every minister." Ngendahayo welcomed the decision, although he added that he could not be completely happy at having to call on outsiders to ensure (his) protection. more He also warned that the new reinforcements may not be enough to bring the situation under control. "If the situation develops along peaceful lines, this PAGE 79 Agence France Presse, November 5, 1993 will perhaps be enough. If not, we will need to find something else," he said. Defence Ministry spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Bosco Daradangwe said other countries had offered help. But "many have proposed overwhelming solutions, which would cause unrest among Burundi soldiers and would take a long time to implement," he said. Last month's attempted coup, which senior officers refused to back, unleashed inter-tribal killings and sent hundreds of thousands of people fleeing to neighbouring countries. Meanwhile, the envoy for the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), Louis Fall, said Friday he would extend his visit to Burundi for consultations on restoring normal government after the attempted military coup. The Senegalese diplomat, accompanied by a military adviser, said he had met "almost everybody" since his arrival on Tuesday, including ministers, military officers, foreign ambassadors, politicians and prominent civilians. He was to have left on Saturday but would now stay on until next Tuesday to talk about a government request for a multi-national military force to be stationed in Burundi to protect them and some strategic installations. In Geneva Friday the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees estimated more than 700,000 Burundi refugees homeless in neighbouring African countries, were threatened by cold and disease. The UNHCR is to organise an air-lift over the weekend to bring tents and aid to refugees currently sheltering in Rwanda, Tanzania and Zaire, UNHCR spokeswoman Sylvana Foa said. The UNHCR has already released 4.5 million dollars to cope with the Burundi refugee crisis, and called for donor countries to put up a further 17 million dollars. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: November 8, 1993 PAGE 80 LEVEL 1 - 32 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1993 The New York Times Company The New York Times October 25, 1993, Monday, Late Edition - Final SECTION: Section A; Page 11; Column 1; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 591 words HEADLINE: President of Burundi Was Killed In Coup, Leaders of the Army Say BYLINE: Reuters DATELINE: BUJUMBURA, Burundi, Oct. 24 BODY: The Government radio of Burundi, which has been controlled by the army since it overthrew the President on Thursday, announced today that he was killed in the takeover. The announcement stirred fears that the north-central African country could be plunged back into the tribal violence that has afflicted Burundi for much of its history since gaining independence from Belgium in 1962. Indeed, while negotiations were being held in the capital, an international relief worker reported deadly clashes between rival tribes. "It's a mess -- the war is going on with machetes," said Herve Leguillouzic, a doctor with the International Committee of the Red Cross. "The country is on fire." Farms Are Seen Burning Dr. Leguillouzic, who flew across the hilly northern region of Burundi by helicopter, said he had seen peasants attacking and burning farms, large groups of refugees fleeing and bodies lying in deserted villages. The violence appeared to be directed by members of the majority Hutu group against the Tutsi group, whose members dominate the Burundian Army and all other key sectors of economic life, Red Cross officials said. At the same time, the coup appeared to be collapsing as rebel soldiers fled the country while their leaders bargained for an amnesty, diplomats said. Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi, who along with seven other Government ministers have taken refuge in the French Embassy, said the rest of the 23 ministers known to be alive were hiding in the city or had fled the country. 'I Have No Military' "It's very difficult to say who has power now," the Prime Minister told reporters at the embassy. "The army does not seem to want to lose it. I have no military, no police force, and no control of the media. I have nothing." PAGE 81 The New York Times, October 25, 1993 The Prime Minister said she believed that the coup leaders had panicked when they realized they that were faced with a popular uprising by Burundians who overwhelmingly voted for Mechior Ndadaye, a Hutu, as their first elected President in June. She asserted that 60 percent of the army was still loyal to her and that the coup had been organized by officers mainly from Burure Province, home to many of the Tutsi aristocracy that for generations has ruled Burundi, a landlocked nation of about 6 million people. Prime Minister Kinigi also appealed for international military intervention, saying that there was no guarantee for the security of civilian governments at this stage and that "I cannot approve of my Government entering into negotiations with people who assassinated our leaders." A Surrender for an Amnesty Those accused of leading the coup, meanwhile, have sought to distance themselves from its aftermath. The army chief, Lieut. Col. Jean Bikomagu, who has denied any role in the coup, told the Burundi Radio that soldiers who toppled Mr. Ndadaye were ready to surrender in return for an amnesty. Francois Ngeze, a former Interior Minister who had been installed as head of state, said he had been forced to support the coup. The Prime Minister accused Mr. Ngeze of being a front for the military. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, who governed Burundi from 1976 to 1987 and who recently returned from exile, told the Belgian radio that the coup did not have sufficient support, saying: "Contrary to what you might believe abroad, the coup has failed. There was, of course, the assassination of President Ndadaye, but there was no other government to replace his. The coup leaders did not have the support of the population nor of the entire army." LANGUAGE: ENGLISH LOAD-DATE: October 25, 1993 PAGE 82 LEVEL 1 - 33 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1987 The New York Times Company The New York Times September 5, 1987, Saturday, Late City Final Edition SECTION: Section 1; Page 2, Column 4; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 151 words HEADLINE: Rwanda Refuses Entry To Ousted Burundian BYLINE: Reuters DATELINE: NAIROBI, Kenya, Saturday, Sept. 5 BODY: The deposed President of Burundi, Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, left Nairobi for Paris today after Rwanda said it would not accept him and Kenya apparently would not let him enter. The colonel, who was at a conference in Quebec when he was overthrown Thursday by the military leadership, stopped in Nairobi on Friday as he sought to return to his country. But the military in Burundi had closed the airport in Bujumbura, the capital. The Kenyan authorities refused Friday to discuss the colonel's presence. Diplomats in Africa and Europe said Friday that their missions in Burundi reported by radio that the capital was calm. The Bujumbura radio, monitored by the BBC, declared in its only broadcast Friday that a committee of national redemption was in charge. Burundi's new leader, Maj. Pierre Buyoya, has not said why he deposed the leftist 41-year-old colonel, who seized power 11 years ago. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PAGE 83 LEVEL 1 - 34 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1986 The British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Summary of World Broadcasts November 25, 1986, Tuesday SECTION: Part 4 The Middle East, Africa and Latin America; Weekly Economic Report; A. ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL; 2. AFRICA; ME/W1417/A2/1; LENGTH: 46 words HEADLINE: BURUNDI; FRENCH AID SOURCE: Text Radio France International 1245 gmt 15 Nov 86 BODY: France and Burundi have just signed a 16m franc financial convention in Bujumbura. The convention provides for the financing of the extension of a ground station and a centre for international transit in the Burundi capital by the Central Fund For Economic Co-operation. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PAGE 84 LEVEL 1 - 35 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1985 The Economist Newspaper Ltd. The Economist April 20, 1985 SECTION: World politics and current affairs; Pg. 13 (U.S. Edition Pg. 17) LENGTH: 1544 words HEADLINE: Ten years since Vietnam HIGHLIGHT: And America's foreign policy is still in flux, but no longer in shock BODY: What did Vietnam do to America? In April, 1975, as helicopters lifted the last American officials into the skies, leaving Saigon to the communists, the American eagle was as bald behind as he was on top. He fluttered home to an introspective country and a foreign-policy industry already discussing the Vietnam syndrome -- America's excessive wariness of foreign entanglements. Ten years later, the industry is still alive, but the syndrome is in decline. The question now is what will replace America's post-Vietnam circumspection: the old mix of internationalism and interventionism; a new mix of nationalism and unilateralism; or something else -- perhaps isolationism or perhaps multilateralism? Examples of all these many-syllabled isms are clearly to be seen, and several owe at least part of their existence to Vietnam. Perhaps the most notable, because dominant, is nationalism, which might also be called Reaganism. The "America-is-back" sort of national pride that the president represents, garlanded with Olympic bunting and gilded till lately by a mighty dollar, helped relegate memories of Vietnam and the acute sense of humiliation over the Iranian hostage drama, which itself might not have taken the form it did had not the mullahs of Teheran been emboldened by the fanatics of Vietnam. The legacy lives on The question that remains 10 years after Vietnam is not just whether America has the will to venture militarily abroad; it is whether it has the stomach to sustain military action once undertaken. By intervening in Grenada Mr Reagan was able to make people think, for a moment, that nothing had changed since Lyndon Johnson breezed into the Dominican Republic in 1965 to restore democracy and remind everyone who's in charge. Yet things had changed, as the president's experience in Lebanon was quickly to show. Johnson would surely not have announced his pull-out from Beirut, as Mr Reagan did in February, 1984, just six days after declaring that the survival of Lebanon, of hopes for peace in the Middle East and of American credibility all depended on the United States staying there. Mr Reagan deplores the Vietnam syndrome, is sufficiently free of it to send marines to Lebanon in the first place, but, when the going gets tough, even he is not immune from it. The doubts are evident in his administration. The secretary of state, Mr George Shultz, would like to hew to a good old-fashioned multilateralist-cum-interventionist line; but the secretary of defence, Mr Caspar Weinberger, believes that in the post-Vietnam era excursions abroad are PAGE 85 The Economist, April 20, 1985 best confined to episodes where America's vital interests are clearly at stake and, just as important, where American involvement enjoys support at home. Mr Shultz still believes in international institutions, in joint ventures with other countries and in the use of American forces to back diplomacy in places like Lebanon; Mr Weinberger is more sceptical, suspicious from the start about Lebanon and reluctant now to contemplate a creep towards military intervention in Central America. The two can agree about Grenada -- a popular and winnable war as they rightly saw -- but Mr Weinberger's unilateralism would seem to reduce the scope for the use of American force to fairly few occasions. Some people to the right even of Mr Weinberger, drawing on the old isolationist streak in American politics, saw reinforcement for their views in the experience of Vietnam. For them Vietnam showed the dangers of treaty obligations and of quixotic attempts to maintain democracy in improbable places. They would welcome a fortress America, defended perhaps by missiles placed not on the shifting clay of allied lands but safely at sea. In time that protection-through-deterrence could give way to, or be supplemented by, the supposedly impenetrable defence of "star wars": America could then retire behind its shield, leaving its allies to defend their own territory, at any rate so long as America's national interest was not threatened. The neo-isolationists are not all on the right. Just as Mr Jonathan Schell, nuclear-freezer par excellence ("The Fate of the Earth"), can now join hands with some of the hottest nuclear-fryers over star wars, so some Democrats are now so nervous of foreign intervention that they may as well be considered isolationists. Generally, they prefer to consider themselves multilateralists -- that is, they want America to act with allies or through international organisations rather than on its own. This would be fine if America were Britian, or France, or Burundi. But it isn't. As a world power and leader of the west, it has to be different. It certainly used to be, before Vietnam. Yet there were few echoes during the Democratic campaign last year of the "We will pay any price, bear any burden" attitude that John Kennedy enunciated so stirringly at his inauguration in 1961. Senator Gary Hart, for instance, was even more anti-interventionist at the Democratic convention in San Francisco than was Mr Walter Mondale, notably in his references to Central America and the Gulf. Multilateralism, even of the wishy-washy kind, is not necessarily tantamount to Vietnam-syndrome isolationism, particularly when espoused by Democrats out of office; their task then is, to some extent, to oppose and their words are seldom a guide to their behaviour in office. Nor, more notably, is Vietnam-syndrome isolationism necessarily still dominant in congress. True, there is no likelihood of congress repealing the War Powers Act, the piece of Vietnam legislation that most infuriates the supporters of a vigorous foreign policy.(The act, passed in 1973 over President Nixon's veto, spelled out the circumstances in which a president could send troops abroad.) But that is largely because congress -- wary of excessive presidential power for reasons other than Vietnam, particularly Watergate -- will not now relinquish to the president authority which it believes the constitution gives it, and which it reckons it was entitled to all along. Congress consents The Supreme Court could judge it wrong, of course. But that might be unnecessary. Recent congressional actions suggest that congressmen still want to play their part in foreign-policy making, but not in foreign-policy breaking. PAGE 86 The Economist, April 20, 1985 In the Awacs vote in October, 1981, for instance, in confirming the role of the marines in Lebanon in September, 1983, in the votes on the MX missile last month, in fact in all President Reagan's main requests, congress has deferred to him. It probably would on Central America, too -- notwithstanding the Boland amendment, which has tried to tie presidential hands much as the Clark amendment did in Angola in 1976 -- if congress knew what Mr Reagan was trying to do there (see page 31). More telling, however, is the current congressional initiative to give American help to the non-communist guerrillas fighting the occupying Vietnamese in Kampuchea. Indochina is surely the foulest of Vietnam-syndrome territory, from which even strong interventionists shrink. Yet here is an attempt at involvement, albeit on a modest scale, and it originated not with anti-communists in the White House but with Mr Stephen Solarz, a liberal Democrat on the house of representatives foreign affairs committee. Among the public at large, foreign policy does not loom large until a crisis breaks. Yet a recent New York Times poll showed support for the use of American troops abroad to be increasing. Diplomacy is still preferred to bellicosity -- Camp David was judged to be the most successful American foreign-policy venture of recent years, followed by Grenada -- but the necessary backing of diplomacy by the willingness to be assertive seems to be more accepted again. Whether support for a messy, bloody war -- and all wars except those waged against Caribbean nutmeg republics are messy and bloody -- would endure for long enough to allow it to be won is less certain. In a democracy, a war nowadays must be fought for the strongest of reasons to withstand the undermining effects of television, domestic discontent about completely unrelated issues and the switchback nature of public opinion; and in post-Vietnam America, that stomach for a long fight just does not seem to be there. It probably is not. But with provocation and a just cause it might be. As Hitler learnt, assumptions about American behaviour can be misleading. The Vietnam syndrome lives on, therefore, but not in the virulent form that some people suggest. America is undeniably more wary of foreign intervention than it was 25 years ago, just as it is undeniably more hostile to internationalism: who could imagine the Reagan administration taking a lead in the creation of institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank or the International Energy Agency, let alone the United Nations? But this reticence cannot all be laid at the door of Vietnam. And whether it will endure is another matter again. The many isms of American foreign policy are clearly in fierce competition with each other now and it is too soon to say which will predominate. GRAPHIC: Picture, no caption LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PAGE 87 LEVEL 1 - 36 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1984 The Perth Corporation Defense & Foreign Affairs January, 1984 SECTION: ARMS TRANSFER TABLES; Pg. 20 LENGTH: 2215 words HEADLINE: Significant International Transfers of Arms and Related Military Equipment In The Past Quarter BODY: Acquiring System Item From Country/ Group Australia Support Spares for US-origin aircraft US Australia Avionics Pave Tack Target Designator (Ford US Aerospace & Communications) Australia Aircraft Ecureuil helicopters (Aerospatiale) France Burundi NA Unspecified Military Assistance Egypt Colombia Aircraft PC-6 Turbo-Porters (Pilatus) Switzerland Colombia Aircraft F-27 transports (Fokker) Netherlands Colombia Aircraft C-130 Hercules transports (Lockheed) US Colombia Aircraft PC-6 Turbo-Porters (Pilatus) Switzerland Colombia Aircraft F-27 transports (Fokker) Netherlands Egypt Vessels Anti-submarine warfare ships PRC Egypt Support For F-16s (General Dynamics) US Egypt Armor M60A3 tanks, machine guns, US grenades, spares (General Dynamics) Egypt Missiles RGM-84D Harpoon missiles (McDonnell Douglas US Egypt Ordnance M198 155mm towed howitzers US Egypt Vessels Anti-submarine warfare vessels PRC Egypt Missiles Chaparral missiles (Ford Aerospace) US Greece Ammunition HEI-TMK11 and AP-t M81A1 cartridges US India Aircraft Sea Harrier aircraft (British Aerospace) UK India Radar Super Search (MEL) UK Indonesia Vessel Kri Siribua Attack-class patrol boat Australia Iran Armor TAM medium tanks Argentina Iraq Aircraft Super Etendards (AMD Breguet) France Italy Missiles Stinger (General Dynamics) US Korea Support Cooperative logistics for US-origin US (ROK) aircraft Korea Support Installation and spares for chaf/flare US (ROK) countermeasures (Tracor) Korea Support AN/AVQ-26 Pave Tack pds, training, US (ROK) support (Ford Aerospace) Kuwait Aircraft Hawk trainers (BAe) UK Kuwait Radars Radars for air defense (Thomson-CSF) France Lebanon Various Artillery rifles ammunition, mortars, US machineguns Lebanon Armor M48A5 tanks, ammunition, spares and US training PAGE 88 1984 Defense & Foreign Affairs, January, 1984 Lebanon Ammo 155mm ammunition Greece Lebanon Munitions 5.56mm, 7.62mm, .50 caliber, 40mm, 81mm US 105mm, 155mm ammo; mines; flares hand grenades Lebanon Various M113A2 APC with comm. equipment, M2 US .50 caliber machineguns, spares Lebanon Ammunition 155mm for Lebanese Army Greece Liberia Aircraft Aravas for Armed Forces Air Liberia (IAI) Israel Malaysia Radar Air defense radar (Hughes Aircraft) US Nicaragua Vessel Patrol boats France Nigeria Missiles Swingfire anti-tank missiles (BAe UK Dynamics) Norway Aircraft F-16A/Bs (General Dynamics) US Oman Construction Army base for Safrat al-Dawh (Costain UK Group Pakistan Vessel Gearing-class destroyer US PNG Vessels Patrol boats for surveillance Australia Peru Aircraft Mi-24 Hind helicopters gunships USSR Peru Inf. equip. Various night vision, other infant. FRG equipm. Saudi Artillery M-198 155mm towed howitzers US Arabia Saudi Support Turnkey facilities for F-15 (Metcalf US Arabia & Eddy) Saudi Support Contractor Technical Services for F-15s US Arabia (McDonnell Douglas) Saudi Ammunition 155mm projectile rounds, propellant US Arabia charges, fuzes, percussion primes Saudi Armor M578s, M88A1s, M106A2s, M109A2s, M577A2s US Arabia M992, M113A2s (FMC/BMY) Singpore Aircraft E-2C Hawkeyes (Grumann) US Solomon Is. Vessels Patrol boats for surveillance Australia Spain Armor LVTP7A1 personnel and LVTC7A1 com- US mand vehicles (FMC) Spain Aircraft P-3A aircraft with modif., rework, US logist., support Spain Vessels Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates US (Various) Thailand Vessel HMS Songkhla frigate Italy Thailand Aircraft Nomad Searchmaster (GAF) Australia Turkey Aircraft F-16 Fighting Falcons (General Dynamics) US Turkey Aircraft AH-1S Cobra/TOW attack helicopters (Bell) US Turkey Aircraft Components and subassemblies for US UH-1H helicopters (Bell) Turkey Support For Us origin aircraft US UK Missiles MLRS with rockets, support (Vought) US Venzuela Support Inertial measurement units (Singer) US Acquiring Item Quantity Cost Country/ Group Australia Spares for US-origin aircraft NA $12m Australia Pave Tack Target Designator (Ford 1 NA Aerospace & Communications) Australia Ecureuil helicopters (Aerospatiale) 6 NA Burundi Unspecified Military Assistance NA NA PAGE 89 1984 Defense & Foreign Affairs, January, 1984 Colombia PC-6 Turbo-Porters (Pilatus) 10 NA Colombia F-27 transports (Fokker) 2 NA Colombia C-130 Hercules transports (Lockheed) 2 NA Colombia PC-6 Turbo-Porters (Pilatus) 10 NA Colombia F-27 transports (Fokker) 2 NA Egypt Anti-submarine warfare ships 2 NA Egypt For F-16s (General Dynamics) NA $120m Egypt M60A3 tanks, machine guns, 94 $145m grenades, spares (General Dynamics) Egypt RGM-84D Harpoon missiles (McDonnell Douglas 16 $40m Egypt M198 155mm towed howitzers 42 $33m Egypt Anti-submarine warfare vessels 2 NA Egypt Chaparral missiles (Ford Aerospace) 450 $160m Greece HEI-TMK11 and AP-t M81A1 cartridges 900,000 $30m 300,000 India Sea Harrier aircraft (British Aerospace) NA NA India Super Search (MEL) 20 $13.5m Indonesia Kri Siribua Attack-class patrol boat 1 NA Iran TAM medium tanks 100 NA Iraq Super Etendards (AMD Breguet) 5 NA Italy Stinger (General Dynamics) 150 $51m Korea Cooperative logistics for US-origin aircraft NA $71m (ROK) Korea Installation and spares for chaf/flare NA $3.7m (ROK) countermeasures (Tracor) Korea AN/AVQ-26 Pave Tack pds, training, 8 $50m (ROK) support (Ford Aerospace Kuwait Hawk trainers (BAe) 12 $42.8m Kuwait Radars for air defense (Thomson-CSF) NA $12.3m Artillery rifles ammunition, mortars, Lebanon machineguns NA NA Lebanon M48A5 tanks, ammunition, spares and training 68 $64m Lebanon 155mm ammunition NA NA Lebanon 5.56mm, 7.62mm, .50 caliber, 40mm, 81mm NA $102m 105mm, 155mm ammo; mines; flares hand grenades Lebanon M113A2 APC with comm. equipment, M2 253/NA $61m .50 caliber machineguns, spares Lebanon 155mm for Lebanese Army NA NA Liberia Aravas for Armed Forces Air Liberia (IAI) 1/3 $10m Malaysia Air defense radar (Hughes Aircraft) NA $180m Nicaragua Patrol boats 2 NA Nigeria Swingfire anti-tank missiles (BAe Dynamics) NA NA Norway F-16A/Bs (General Dynamics) 24 $460m Oman Army base for Safrat al-Dawh (Costain NA $112.5m Group Pakistan Gearing-class destroyer 1 NA PNG Patrol boats for surveillance NA NA Peru Mi-24 Hind helicopters gunships 16 NA Peru Various night vision, other infant. equipm. NA $32m Saudi M-198 155mm towed howitzers 42 $33m Arabia Saudi Turnkey facilities for F-15 (Metcalf & Eddy) NA $15m Arabia Saudi Contractor Technical Services for F-15s NA $1.5b Arabia PAGE 90 1984 Defense & Foreign Affairs, January, 1984 (McDonnell Douglas) Saudi 155mm projectile rounds, propellant 985,920 $126m Arabia charges, fuzes,percussion primes Saudi M578s, M88A1s, M106A2s, M109A2s, M577A2s 523 $271m Arabia M992, M113A2s (FMC/BMY) Singpore E-2C Hawkeyes (Grumann) 4 $410m Solomon Is. Patrol boats for surveillance NA NA Spain LVTP7A1 personnel and LVTC7A1 com- 11/2 $16m mand vehicles (FMC) Spain P-3A aircraft with modif., rework, 4 $64m logist., support Spain Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates (Various) 2 $250m Thailand HMS Songkhla frigate 1 NA Thailand Nomad Searchmaster (GAF) 4 $7.5m Turkey F-16 Fighting Falcons (General Dynamics) 160(?) $4b (est.) Turkey AH-1S Cobra/TOW attack helicopters (Bell) 6 $50m Turkey Components and subassemblies for 15 $27m UH-1H helicopters (Bell) Turkey For US origin aircraft NA $75m UK MLRS with rockets, support (Vought) 44 $520m Venzuela Inertial measurement units (Singer) 106 $9m Acquiring Item Status Country/ Group Australia Spares for US-origin aircraft Ordered (September 1983) Australia Pave Tack Target Designator (Ford Delivered Aerospace & Communications) (October 1983) Australia Ecureuil helicopters (Aerospatiale) Reported ordering (October 1983) Burundi Unspecified Military Assistance Reported provid. (September 1983) Colombia PC-6 Turbo-Porters (Pilatus) Reported ordering (December 1983) Colombia F-27 transports (Fokker) Reported ordering (December 1983) Colombia C-130 Hercules transports (Lockheed) Pending order (December 1983) Colombia PC-6 Turbo-Porters (Pilatus) Reported ordering (December 1983) Colombia F-27 transports (Fokker) Reported ordering (December 1983) Egypt Anti-submarine warfare ships Delivered (October 1983) Egypt For F-16s (General Dynamics) Ordered (September 1983) Egypt M60A3 tanks, machine guns, Letter of grenades, spares (General Dynamics) Offer (October 1983) Egypt RGM-84D Harpoon missiles (McDonnell Douglas Letter of Offer (October 1983) Egypt M198 155mm towed howitzers Letter of Offer (October 1983) Egypt Anti-submarine warfare vessels Delivered (November 1983) Egypt Chaparral missiles (Ford Aerospace) Before Congress PAGE 91 1984 Defense & Foreign Affairs, January, 1984 (October 1983) Greece HEI-TMK11 and AP-t M81A1 cartridges Before Congress (October 1983) India Sea Harrier aircraft (British Aerospace) Pending negot. (November 1983) India Super Search (MEL) Ordered (December 1983) Indonesia Kri Siribua Attack-class patrol boat Delivered (October 1983) Iran TAM medium tanks Ordered (October 1983) Iraq Super Etendards (AMD Breguet) Delivered (October 1983) Italy Stinger (General Dynamics) Before Congress (November 1983) Korea (ROK) Cooperative logistics for US-origin aircraft Letter of Offer (September 1983) Korea Installation and spares for chaf/flare Ordered (ROK) countermeasures (Tracor) (September 1983) Korea AN/AVQ-26 Pave Tack pds, training, Letter of Offer (ROK) support (Ford Aerospace (December 1983) Kuwait Hawk trainers (BAe) Ordered (November 1983) Kuwait Radars for air defense (Thomson-CSF) Ordering (November 1983) Artillery rifles ammunition, mortars, Lebanon machineguns Supplying (September 1983) Lebanon M48A5 tanks, ammunition, spares and training Letter of Offer (September 1983) Lebanon 155mm ammunition Delivered (October 1983) Lebanon 5.56mm, 7.62mm, .50 caliber, 40mm, 81mm Before Congress 105mm, 155mm ammo; mines; flares hand grenades (October 1983) Lebanon M113A2 APC with comm. equipment, M2 Before Congress .50 caliber machineguns, spares (October 1983) Lebanon 155mm for Lebanese Army Delivered (October 1983) Liberia Aravas for Armed Forces Air Liberia (IAI) Ordered (September 1983) Malaysia Air defense radar (Hughes Aircraft) Planning to order (October1983) Nicaragua Patrol boats Commissioned (September 1983) Nigeria Swingfire anti-tank missiles (BAe Dynamics) Ordered (November 1983) Norway F-16A/Bs (General Dynamics) Letter of Offer (November 1983) Oman Army base for Safrat al-Dawh (Costain Letter of Intent Group (November 1983) Pakistan Gearing-class destroyer Delivered (October 1983) PAGE 92 1984 Defense & Foreign Affairs, January, 1984 PNG Patrol boats for surveillance New construct. interest (Sept. 1983) Peru Mi-24 Hind helicopters gunships Reported (September 1983) Peru Various night vision, other infant. equipm. Reported (September 1983) Saudi Letter of Offer Arabia M-198 155mm towed howitzers (September 1983) Saudi Ordered Arabia Turnkey facilities for F-15 (Metcalf & Eddy) (September 1983) Saudi Contractor Technical Services for F-15s Before Congress Arabia (McDonnell Douglas) (October 1983) Saudi 155mm projectile rounds, propellant Before Congress Arabia charges, fuzes,percussion primes (October 1983) Saudi M578s, M88A1s, M106A2s, M109A2s, M577A2s Before Congress Arabia M992, M113A2s (FMC/BMY) (November 1983) Singpore E-2C Hawkeyes (Grumann) Before Congress (October 1983) Solomon Is. Patrol boats for surveillance Interest in new construct (Sept. 1983) Spain LVTP7A1 personnel and LVTC7A1 com- Letter of Offer mand vehicles (FMC) (October 1983) Spain P-3A aircraft with modif., rework, Letter of Offer logist., support (October 1983) Spain Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates (Various) Before Congress (November 1983) Thailand HMS Songkhla frigate Delivered (September 1983) Thailand Nomad Searchmaster (GAF) Agreed (October 1983) Turkey F-16 Fighting Falcons (General Dynamics) Selection (September 1983) Turkey AH-1S Cobra/TOW attack helicopters (Bell) Before Congress (October 1983) Turkey Components and subassemblies for Before Congress UH-1H helicopters (Bell) (October 1983) Turkey For US origin aircraft Before Congress (October 1983) UK MLRS with rockets, support (Vought) Letter of Offer (October 1983) Venzuela Inertial measurement units (Singer) Ordered (September 1983) LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PAGE 93 LEVEL 1 - 37 OF 38 STORIES Copyright 1982 The New York Times Company The New York Times October 7, 1982, Thursday, Late City Final Edition SECTION: Section A; Page 6, Column 2; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 118 words HEADLINE: AROUND THE WORLD; Mitterrand in Burundi; Next Stop Is Zaire BYLINE: Reuters DATELINE: BUJUMBURA, Burundi, Oct. 6 BODY: President Francois Mitterrand of France arrived in this tiny landlocked country today on the first leg of a seven-day official visit to French-speaking countries in central Africa. On Thursday Mr. Mitterrand will fly to Kinshasa, the capital of Zaire, for the annual meeting of French and African leaders. President Mitterrand was greeted at the airport by President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, an army colonel who has governed Burundi since a military coup in November 1976. According to World Bank figures, the former Belgian colony ranks among the 20 poorest countries in the world with an annual per capita income of $200. President Mitterrand's talks in Bujumbura were expected to concentrate on aid. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH PAGE 94 LEVEL 1 - 38 OF 38 STORIES The Xinhua General Overseas News Service The materials in the Xinhua file were compiled by The Xinhua News Agency. These materials may not be republished without the express written consent of The Xinhua News Agency. DECEMBER 15, 1980, MONDAY LENGTH: 59 words HEADLINE: communications satellite station set up in burundi DATELINE: kinshasa, december 12; Item No: 121427 BODY: a communications satellite station financed jointly by france and burundi was set up recently in bujumbura, capital of burundi. president jean baptiste bagaza presided over the station's inauguration ceremony. thanks to the completion of the project the speed and quality of communications in the mountainous country will be greatly improved. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH