The Three Forces in Psychology Compared   |
The Three Forces in Psychology | |||
First Force Behaviourism |
Second Force Psychoanalysis |
Third Force Humanism |
|
Where are the answers? | In careful observation of behaviour and environment and their relations. | Somewhere beneath the surface, in the unconscious | In consciousness or experience. |
Streams and Theorists | Behaviourists, as well as their modern descendants the cognitivist (Hans Eysenck, B. F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura) |
1. Freudian view proper, (Sigmund and Anna Freud, and the ego psychologists (Erik Erikson) 2. The transpersonal perspective, which has a much more spiritual streak (Carl Jung). 3. The social psychological view. (Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Erich Fromm). |
1.Humanism proper (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, George Kelly) 2. Existential Psychology (Ludwig Binswanger and Victor Frankl). |
Emphasis | The importance of changing current thinking and behaviour. | The importance of early childhood experiences and internal forces. | Inherent processes of self-actualisation. |
Methods | Quantitative and experimental methods | Phenomenological methods | |
Therapy | Behavioural, Cognitive-Behavioural, and Reality Therapies | Psychoanalysis | Existential, Person-Centred and Gestalt Models |