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Katie, Kelsey, Omita, Mackenzie, |
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and Drew |
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Uses enzymes to process proteins, lipids, and
steroids. |
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Moves molecules around for use by parts of the
cell. |
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Smooth ER uses various chemicals to carry out
jobs specific to the cell’s type (ex. detoxification, muscle contraction). |
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Rough ER consists of flat membranous sacs
(cisternae) whose outer surface is covered with ribosomes. It attaches to the nucleus. |
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Smooth ER is made up of tubules and sacs. Often located outside the rough ER, it
does not have ribosomes on the outside. |
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In order to synthesize a protein, the ER
requires mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, and ribosomes. |
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Energy from ATP is needed to transport
molecules. |
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Phospholipids and cholesterol are needed to make
vesicles for transport to the golgi. |
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Enzymes are needed to make all ER functions
possible. |
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum is located
around the nucleus of the cell. It
connects directly to the nucleus. |
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The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is usually located outside of the rough
ER. The amount of smooth ER depends
on the type of cell. |
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There is usually one network of rough ER and one
network of smooth ER in each cell, although the size of the network can
vary. |
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Proteins produced by the ribosomes are processed
in the rough ER. |
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Enzymes in the rough ER attach proteins to
carbohydrates to make glycoproteins. |
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Proteins are also attached to phospholipids,
chemicals that go into the building of membranes. |
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The smooth ER synthesizes fats and steroids such
as estrogen and testosterone. |
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In liver cells, the smooth ER uses enzymes to
break down potentially harmful chemicals. |
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In muscle cells the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a
variation of the smooth ER, controls the release of calcium ions that cause
muscle contractions. |
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Vitiligo is a disease caused by the dilation of
the rough ER in melanocytes. This
condition causes large patches of skin to lose their pigmentation, and
become white. Cyclobeximide is
being being experimented with as a cure.
It inhibits protein synthesis and stops the dilation of the rough
ER. |
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The ER doesn’t have a defined shape, it is
constantly changing shape and moving around. |
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Accounts for more than half the total membrane
in most eukaryotic cells. |
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Enzymes built into the outside of the ER
membrane automatically synthesize phospholipids using proteins found in the
cytosol to repair the ER and to strengthen its membrane. |
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What smaller organelle covers the surface of the
rough ER? |
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Which is responsible for the production of
testosterone and estrogen, the smooth or the rough ER? |
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In liver cells, what are broken down in the
smooth ER? |
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Is the rough ER connected directly to the
nucleus? |
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Notes