List of papers:
Due to their special characteristics textile material has been known and used for long time for medical purposes. Two of the most familiar examples are its use in the form of monofilament fiber as surgical sewing thread and in the form of finished fabric for surgical gown. In this study, we used an anti-bacterial agent (Sanitized T 96-20), glyoxal, and fluorocarbon (Aversin KFC-I) to produce fabric for surgical gown with anti-bacterial and blood-repellent properties. Glyoxal provides crosslinking for both anti-bacterial agent and fluorocarbon and improve their washing fastness. It was found that higher concentration of glyoxal and anti-bacterial agent gives result to higher tensile strength and air permeability. This is most probably due to the crosslinking formed by the presence of glyoxal. The efficiency of stain removal was evaluated by spectrophotometry. It was shown that blood stain still remains after manual washing of fabric treated by finishing liquor containing 1% anti-bacterial agent and 10% glyoxal. However, stain was completely removed when 5% glyoxal was used alone with Aversin KFC-I. It seems that anti-bacterial agent has an adverse effect to blood repellency, but actually stain was also removed by the addition of 2% anti-bacterial agent and 15% glyoxal. In all cases, we used 3% Aversin KFC-I to generate blood repellency effect onto the fabric.
Socks made from cotton offers more comfort in the sense that it readily absorbs sweat produced during its use. This is primarily due to the presence of hydroxy groups in the molecular structure of cotton fiber. This group may also form hydrogen bond with other polar molecules or particles such as fats, soil and dirt. Another consequence of the presence of hydroxy groups is that it is susceptible to microbial attacks under suitable condition like warm temperature and moist. The purpose of this study is to investigate ways of producing rot-proof (odor-free) and soil-resistant socks by chemical treatment. Fluorocarbon-based chemical (Oleophobol SL) and copper sulphate were used in this study as soil-resistant finish and rot-proofing agent respectively. It was found that 50 ml/l Oleophobol SL and 3,95 g/l CuSO4 was adequate to impart the above mentioned properties to cotton fabric as shown by reflectance data and tensile strength after soil burial.
The material used in this study is 100% cotton, and is intended for use as working uniform in steel industry or metal workshop. The selection was made based on the absorption property of cotton which is normally attributed to higher comfort. One of the most important requirements for any outfit used in such an environment like steel industry or metal workshop is adequate flame retardancy, that is material should not easily be consumed by fire and not propagate flame. This study was aimed at finding an optimum formula and condition for flame retardant finishing of 100% cotton without giving any adverse effect to its handle as well as its absorption. The fabric was first treated with nitrogen-containing phosphor compound (Pyrovatex CP New) to give the desired flame retardant property, and then with softening agent (Silicone N-100) to improve its handle. Cotton fabric treated with 500 g/l Pyrovatex CP New and 30 g/l Silicone N-100 showed good flame retardancy before repeated laundering, with ignition time and char length less than 2 seconds and 6 inch respectively, but then it failed to reach the same level of performance after 5 times repeated laundering. This shows that the treatment can only give a non-durable flame retardancy.
(Mariati Sihotang, Megie Yunita, Midian Pasaoran Napitupulu, Mulyono)
Underwear in general must be able to offer comfort. It must also provide an adequate protection from bacterial growth which may arise from favourable conditions created by warm temperature, perspiration and other metabolismic residue. This is especially true for active persons. Such an underwear must therefore conform these requirements; it must have good absorption, soft, does not retain dirt and prevent bacterial growth. In this experiment we used cotton knitted fabric, which has been desized, scoured, bleached and subsequently dyed with reactive dye. The finishing was performed with Sanitized® T96-20 as anti-bacterial agent, Oleophobol SL as soil-resistant agent and Silicon N-100 softener.
(Achmad Fadjry, Anita Puspita, Depi Natalia P, Emma Sukmawati)
Some of the most important features required for babies products are safety and comfort. In addition to that, textile products for babies require good stain release mechanism due to risks of food spill on the material on wear. Aversin KFC-I is a perfluoro alkyl acrylic copolymer that gives water- and oil-repellent effect and is safe for human, even for babies. The purpose of this study is to investigate optimum condition for stain-release finishing of polyester-rayon fabric intended for baby apron. The addition of silicon as a softener decreases stain repellency of finished product. The permanent effect of finished product is strongly influenced by the addition of dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (Decaresin) as cross-linking agent. It was shown that the best result in this circumstances is obtained by the use of Aversin KFC-I at 60 g/l, DMDHEU (Decaresin) 30 g/l, and magnesium chloride 15 g/l.
(Aris Hudayana, Aryaji, Berlian Zain, Eka Diasy)
Mail bag requires certain qualities to serve its purpose, one of which most important is that it must provide sufficient protection for postal material contained in it. Water-proof, in this case, is extremely important especially in region like Indonesia. Such a property is normally provided by treating mail bag, which is usually made of canvas, with wax emulsion. This type of coating is not permanent, in the sense that it may be removed either by rubbing and/or other severe condition during its use. Chemical treatment with fluorokarbon and melamine resin was proposed to improve its water-proof effect. The experiment shows that fluorokarbon and melamine resin can work together in improving the quality of mail bag.
(Ami Sebastian, Ari Rahmasari, Dini Nursari, Dreta Wulandari)
In this work, we studied the application of perfluoro alkyl acrylic copolymer (Aversin KFC-I), a water-repellent agent, on 100% polyester fabric. The purpose of the study is to find an optimum recipe of water-repellent finishing that gives the fabric qualities required by an umbrella. The material for an umbrella is normally made of nylon or cotton. The latter is in general more expensive than the former. In addition to cost factor, cotton is normally much heavier than nylon, especially when gets wet. Polyester may offer some advantages over nylon both technically and economically. Technically, it has a lower moisture regain, which means that it retains less water than nylon does. It was found from the experiments that the best result was obtained by the use of 50 g/l Aversin KFC-I. Spray test showed a value of 100, which means wetting does not take place on the surface of 100% polyester fabric of concerned.
(Selly, Sigit, Sri W, Ujang GP)
A pillowslip is a cover for a pillow, made of cotton or other fabric, that can be removed and washed. It adds an aesthetic value as well as provides protection to the pillow which otherwise looks dull and may cause some difficulties when gets dirty. The purpose of this work is to develop a process by which 100% cotton fabric, which is intended for use as a material for pillowslip, has the ability to resist creasing during its use and to release soil easily when washed. The type of dirt or soil that develops on a pillowslip normally comes from the perspiration and dust. In this experiment, we used water- and oil-repellent agent (Oleophobol SL) to impart soil-release property to the fabric. Silicone-based softener was added to improve the handle, which normally becomes somewhat stiff if fluorocarbon was used alone. The treated fabric was subsequently evaluated by its absorptivity, crease-resistance, stiffness, tensile strength and its fastness to crocking. It was found that the best result was obtained by treating the fabric with 30 g/l solution of Olephobol SL. The fabric was first impregnated with the finishing liquor at WPU of 60% and cured at 170°C for 45 seconds.
(Maskur, Muhamad Sofkhal Jamil, Mujib Islani, Risky Rinaldy )
Curtain is one of the most familiar examples of textile application in interior design and home decoration. It serves the purpose based on aesthetic as well as functional performance. Basically it provides a cover for a window to keep the light out or prevent people in the house from being seen by others outside. In addition to these, curtain must also meet some minimum requirements in relation to fire hazard; it must not propagate flame in case of fire. This study was directed toward the application of organic/inorganic salt of phosphor and perfluoro alkyl acrylic copolymer to obtain flame-retardant and durable-press as well as soil-release fabric made out of 100% polyester. The higher the concentration of chemicals used in the finishing the more pronounced the results: flame-retardancy, stiffness, and crease recovery angle (crease resistance) as well as soil-release ability.
(Esti Yuliani, Fernando S, Fina Dwi N, Ica Yuniarti)
Water-repellent finishing is a chemical process by which a certain kind of textile material is made resistant to water penetration but at the same time still allows transportation of air. Fabric made of polyester-cotton is in general considered more comfortable than that of polyester alone. In this study, fluorocarbon-based chemical (Aversin KFC-I) was used to generate water-repellent properties on polyester-cotton fabric. This particular chemical has good properties as water-repellent finish: can be used for polyester-cotton fabric, good water-repellent properties, and does not change the color of the treated fabric. The addition of additives such as softener to the finishing liquor often produce an adverse effect to water-repellency, so experiment was also performed to investigate the effect of silicon type softener (Silicone N-100) to water-repellency. The data shows that the best result was obtained by the use of 90 g/l Aversin KFC-I without the addition of softener. Silicone N-100 only slightly improves the handle but it decreases the water-repellency of the treated fabric, which is obviously observed at higher concentration of Aversin KFC-I (90 g/l).
(Yanti W, Yayu R, Yullia P)
Fluorocarbon-based compound was used in this experiment to obtain water-repellent finish on nylon (Nylon 66) fabric intended for use as material for umbrella. This compound polymerizes when cured under suitable condition to form a film of low surface energy which subsequently lowers the critical surface tension of solid and hence renders it water-repellent and oil-repellent. The material was treated with finishing liquor containing: 10, 20, and 40 g/l, and then was subjected to various tests to evaluate the result. It was found that the best result was obtained by the use of fluorocarbon as much as 40 g/l.
(Anita Anathasia, Anita Ris Herliana, Dian Rosdiana, Elsa Dewi Sulastri)
“Mukena” is a praying set for muslimah (muslim women) which covers all but the face and palms and is worn especially for praying (shalah). As a praying set it must always be clean and comfortable too. In relation to the latter, cotton fabric is usually the first choice of material for this particular clothing. There are certain parts that frequently get wet by traces of water left on the face and hands of the wearer after she takes ablution, especially those that are in contact with the face. This condition favors the growth of mildew or fungus on the fabric which creates an unpleasant look and may reduce the strength of the material if left for longer time (people does not normally wash this particular clothing every day). In this study, we used benzoic acid in combination with a crosslinking agent, dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU), to inhibit fungal growth on the fabric and to improve its crease-resistance respectively. The best result was obtained when using 60 g/l DMDHEU and 0.05% benzoic acid. The crease recovery angle (CRA) of such treated fabric is 141.5° and it does not lose its strength significantly on two-weeks burial test. For comparison, untreated fabric loses 90% of its strength after the burial.
(Tutty Sussy Nelly, Wendi Kartiwan, Yuliyana, Yulia Ratna Wulan)
Abstract not available
(Shinta Citra N, Taufiq F, Wawan G, Yanti W, Yayu R)
In this experiment we explored the possibility of using the extract from the skin of mangosteen, which is usually regarded food waste, as textile dye. The skin of mangosteen has been known and used for quite a long time in the leather industry, and is regarded potential for textile dye because it contains tannin, which is widely known as one of chemical base for dyes. We used the extract to dye cotton, polyester, acrylic and nylon by exhaust method which is subsequently followed by an aftertreatment for each of the dyeing process. It gives good coloration to each type of fiber with colors ranging from yellow to brown. Qualitative analysis shows that the extract from mangosteen skin has the properties of acid mordant dyes. We suggest that the good coloration results from polar hydroxy groups of tannin having the capability to form metal complex These groups form mordant with metals during the aftertreatment, which also improves its washing fastness as well as enriches its color depending upon the metal used in that particular process.
(Indri Eka Putri, Noerlina, Prihartini)
“Kembang pukul empat” or Mirabilis Jalapa L is a seasonal small plant (bush), 50-80 cm high. Its leaves contain saponin, flavonoida and tannin which is very useful as source for natural dyes. Flavonoida, especially flavonol, is one of benzene derivatives that can be used to dye textile material. We used the extract from the leaves of “kembang pukul empat” to dye cotton, nylon, polyester, and acrylic to study its dyeing properties. Cloth of cotton, nylon, polyester and acrylic were immersed in the extract solution at boiling temperature for 1 hour, and was subsequently aftertreated with FeSO4, salt yellow, alum, and potassium bichromate at 80ºC for 15 minutes. Cotton and polyester is slightly stained whereas nilon and acrylic is highly coloured. The dyeing shows good washing as well as good rubbing fastness. The dye identification shows that the dye obtained from the extract of Mirabilis Jalapa L belongs to the acid dyes group. We also obtained some powder out of the extract.
(Arif Wibisana, Budiyono)
Abstract not available
(Mohamad Widodo)
Nanotechnology is a new emerging field of technology. It has been defined as "thorough, three-dimensional structural control of materials and devices at the molecular level", and is conceived as "... the ability to do things on the scale of atoms and molecules". In this paper, the concept of the new technology and terminology used therein was described and connection was established to provide an entry point for the discussion of its application in textile and the progress being made in this field as well as its possibilities for further application in the future. Textile products manufactured based on this technology were discussed and comparison was made with the existing textile technology. The paper also discussed the future impact of nanotechnology to the way we see things in general and especially to textile industry.
