1° Latitude= | 69.125 miles |
Temp(F)= | Tf= (1.8*Tc)+32 |
Temp(C)= | Tc= (Tf-32)/1.8 |
Kelvin(Tk)= | Tk= 273.15 + Tc |
Temp (Reamur) = | (25/36)(°F-32) |
Temp (Rankine) = | °F + 459.67 |
Knots= | Knots= Wind Speed MPH * 0.868976241091 |
MPH= | MPH= Knots * 1.15077944802 |
Miles= | MI= Kilometers * 0.6214 |
Kilometers= | KM= Miles * 1.61 |
Kilometers= | KM= Meters / 1000 |
Meters= | Meters= Kilometers * 1000 |
Meters= | M= Feet * 0.305 |
Meters Per Second= | M/S= Knots * 0.5148 |
Feet= | Ft= Meters*3.2808 |
Inches= | IN= CM / 2.54 |
Centimeters= | CM = IN * 2.54 |
Pascals(Pa)= | Pa= (Mb*100) |
Kilopascal (Kp)= | Kp= InHg * 3.38638815789 |
Millibars(Mb)(Hectopascal)= | Mb= (In*33.86388158) |
Inches of Mercury(InHg)= | InHg= (Mb/33.86388158) |
Dew Point(F) Knowing Tc= | X= 1-(0.01*RH) K= Tc-(14.55+0.114*Tc)*X-((2.5+0.007*Tc)*X)^3- (15.9+0.117*Tc)*X^14 Tdf= (K*1.8)+32 |
Dew Point(F) Knowing Tf= | Tdf= ((((Tf-32)/1.8)-(14.55+0.114*((Tf-32)/1.8))* (1-(0.01*RH))-((2.5+0.007*((Tf-32)/1.8))*(1-(0.01*RH))) ^3-(15.9+0.117*((Tf-32)/1.8))*(1-(0.01*RH))^14)*1.8)+32 |
Before Winter 2001/2002 Wind Chill(F)= | Wc= 0.0817*(3.71*SQRT(WIND SPEED MPH)+ 5.81-0.25*WIND SPEED MPH)*(Tf-91.4)+91.4 |
Starting Winter 2001/2002 Wind Chill °F = T = Air Temperature °F V = Wind Speed MPH | 35.74 + 0.6215 * T - 35.75(V ^ 0.16) + 0.4275 * T (V ^ 0.16)
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Heat Index(HI)= | HI= -42.379 + 2.04901523(Tf) + 10.14333127 (RH) - 0.22475541(Tf)(RH) - 6.83783x10^(-3)*(Tf^(2)) - 5.481717x10**(-2)*(RH^(2)) + 1.22874x10^(-3)* (Tf^(2))*(RH) + 8.5282x10^(-4)*(Tf)*(RH^(2)) - 1.99x10^(-6)*(Tf^(2))*(RH^(2)) |
Summer Simmer Index(SSI)= | SSI= 1.98(Tf - (0.55 - 0.0055(RH))(Tf-58)) - 56.83
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Saturation Vapor Pressure(Mb)= | Es= (6.11*10^(7.5*Tc/(237.7+Tc))
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Vapor Pressure(Mb)= From Dew Point | E= (6.11*10^(7.5*Tdc/(237.7+Tdc)))
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Vapor Pressure(Mb)= From Temp and Humidity |
E = (6.11*10^(7.5*((Tc - (14.55 + 0.114 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH)) - ((2.5 + 0.007 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH))) ^ 3 - (15.9 + 0.117 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH)) ^ 14))/(237.7+((Tc - (14.55 + 0.114 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH)) - ((2.5 + 0.007 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH))) ^ 3 - (15.9 + 0.117 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH)) ^ 14)))))
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Specific Humidity(kg/kg)= | SH= (0.622*E)/(Mb-(0.378*E))
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Relative Humidity(%)= | RH= (E/Es)*100
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Relative Humidity(%) Knowing Tdf and Tf= | RH = (((6.11*10^(7.5*((Tdf-32)/1.8)/(237.7+((Tdf-32)/1.8))))/((6.11*10^(7.5*((Tf-32)/1.8)/ (237.7+((Tf-32)/1.8)))))*100)) |
Relative Humidity and Dew Point knowing Wet & Dry Bulb Temps |
Relative Humidity & Dew Point using Wet & Dry Bulb Temps
'Saturation Vapor Pressure Wet E = Ew - 0.35 * (Td - Tw) 'Actual Vapor Pressure
Relative Humidity
Dew Point |
Dew Point from just T and RH: |
Tdc = (Tc - (14.55 + 0.114 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH)) - ((2.5 + 0.007 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH))) ^ 3 - (15.9 + 0.117 * Tc) * (1 - (0.01 * RH)) ^ 14)
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LCL Height (Estimated FT)= | H= 222(Tf-Tdf)
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Rankine Temperature(R)= | R= Tf+460
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Saturation Mixing Ratio(g/kg)= | Ms= 3.884266*10^[(7.5*Tc)/(237.7+Tc)] OR MORE ACCURATELY 0.622 * Es/(P - Es) |
Mixing Ratio(g/kg)= | M= RH*Ms/100 & M= ((0.622*E)/(Mb-E))*1000 |
Virtual Temperature(C)= | Tv= [(1+1.609*M)/(1+M)]*Tc
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Lifted Index= | LI= Tc(500mb) - Tp(500mb)
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Showalter Index= | SI= 1) From the 850mb temp, raise a parcel dry
adiabatically to the mixing ratio line
that passes through the Tdc(850mb) 2) From that point, raise the parcel moist adiabatically to 500mb. 3) SI= Tc(500mb) - Tp(500mb) |
Vertical Totals = | VT= T(850mb) - T(500mb)
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Cross Totals = | CT= Td(850mb) - T(500mb)
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Total Totals= | TT= Tc(850mb) + Tdc(850mb) - 2*Tc(500mb)
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(30 or greater strong thunderstorms) Deep Convection Index = | DCI= T(850 mb) + Td(850 mb) - LI(sfc-500 mb)
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K Index= | KI= Tc(850mb) - Tc(500mb) + Tdc(850mb) - 2* Tdc(750mb) - Tc(750mb) |
Energy Helicity Index = | EHI= (CAPE * Helicity) / 160000
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Significant Tornado Parameter = F2+ damage associated with STP values >1 | STP= (mean layer CAPE / 1000) * ((2000 - mean layer LCL meters) / 1500) * (0-1 km Helicity / 100) * (0-6 km Shear meters per second / 20)
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ThetaE (any level) = [Saturated Potential Temperature] | ThetaE = (Tc + 273.15) * ( 1000 / Mb ) ^ 0.286 + (3 * M) OR ThetaE = (273.15 + Tc) * ( 1000 / Mb ) ^ 0.286 + (3 * (RH * (3.884266 * 10 ^ [( 7.5 * Tc ) / ( 237.7 + Tc )] ) /100 )) |
Theta (any level) = [Dry Potential Temperature] | Theta= (T + 273.15) * (1000 / P) ^ 0.2854
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WMAX (Maximum Potential Speed of an Updraft) = | WMAX = (( SQRT(2 * CAPE) ) / 2 ) / 0.5148
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Vertical Velocities can overcome the cap if: | VV > SQRT(2 * CINH)
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Convective Temperature= | CT = CCL Tc *(1000.0/CCL Mb)0.286 * (SFC Mb/1000.0)*0.286
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Maximum Hail Size= | Hail = 2*((3*0.55*1.0033*(MVV*MVV))/(8*9.8*900))*100 MVV = Max Vertical Velocities in M/S |
Normalized CAPE= | NCAPE = CAPE / (ELm - LFCm)
<= 0.1 Weak Updrafts 0.1 - 0.3 Moderate Updrafts >= 0.3 Strong Updrafts |
TQ Index (low top convection potential)= | (T850 + Td850 ) - 1.7 (T700)
> 12 Storms Possible > 17 Low-Top Storms Possible |
Delta Theta-E= (Wet Microburst Potential) | (SFCThetaE - LowestMidLevel ThetaE)
>= 20 Wet Microbursts Likely <= 13 Wet Microbursts Unlikely |
U and V Components of Horizontal Wind= SPD is in Knots DIR is in Degrees | U = -(SPD * 0.5148) * Sin(DIR * (PI / 180)) V = -(SPD * 0.5148) * Cos(DIR * (PI / 180)) |
Speed (Knots) and Direction (Degrees) from U and V Components= |
Speed = Sqr(U ^ 2 + V ^ 2) / 0.5148
If V > 0 Then ANG = 180 Direction = (180 / PI) * Atn(U / V) + ANG |
BRN Shear = | 0.5 (( 6km AVG U Component) ^ 2)
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Bulk Richardson Number = | BRN= (CAPE / BRN Shear) |