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India Lies between latitudes 8 degrees and 38 degrees north and longitudes 68 degrees and 97 degrees east and includes Andaman and Nicobar Islands to east and Laccadive Islands (Lakshadweep) to southwest. Mainland has three main regions: Himalayan Mountains rising over 8,800 metres in north; Indo-Gangetic Plain; and, Southern Peninsula. Mountain ranges include Aravallis and Vindhyas in central India and Western and Eastern Ghats. Main rivers include Ganges, Jumna, Indus and Brahmaputra.
Neighboring countries:
northwest: Afghanistan and Pakistan;
north: China, Bhutan, and Nepal;
east: Burma and Bangladesh; and,
southeast: Sri Lanka.
Time: Greenwich Mean Time plus 5.5 hours
Climate:
temperate to tropical;
four distinct seasons:
December to March remains cold;
April to May hot;
June to September rainy or monsoon season; and,
October to November retreating monsoon season;
average summer temperature in the plains is 29 degrees Celsius; and,
rainfall range 10.1 centimetres in Thar desert (northwest) to 1,079.5 centimetres at Cherrapunji in Assam
(northeast).
Status:
federal republic.
Capital:
New Delhi
Other main towns:
Greater Bombay
Calcutta
Delhi
Madras
Hyderabad
Bangalore
Ahmedabad
Main languages:
Hindi, Punjabi, Tamil, Gujarati, Urdu, Bengali,
Telugu, Assamese, Kanada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi,
Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi. (English widely used as lingua franca).
Official language:
Hindi.
Main religion:
Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Christianity.
Currency:
Rupee
Exports:
gems and jewellery, textiles and garments,
engineering products, tea, iron ore,
leather and leather goods,
chemicals, agricultural products.
Imports:
machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and lubricants, food and edible oils, gems and other
precious stones, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizers.
Main industries:
machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, fabrics and garments, cement, chemicals.
Main crops:
rice, wheat, sorghum, sugar cane, millet, peas, beans, cotton, tea, jute.
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