Imperial Wars in the Americas

 

King William’s War: 1689-97

    British versus French and Indian Allies

    Indian raids: Deerfield and Schenectady

    British gained Port Royal but returned it

    British failed to take Quebec

 

Queen Anne’s War 1702-13:

    British versus France, Spain, Indians

    English fail to take Montreal and Quebec

    Peace of Utrecht:

         England gets: Acadia, Newfoundland,

                 Hudson Bay, trading rights in Spanish America

 

War of Jenkins’ Ear 1739 (later merged with King George’s War 1744-8)

    English versus French and Spanish

    New England invaded New France and captured Louisbourg

    1748 Treaty returned Louisbourg

 

7 Yrs War (French and Indian War): 1754-63

    England versus French and Indians

    Fought over Ohio River Valley

    French built forts along the Ohio River

    Ohio Company formed to connect Potomac with Ohio trade

    War spread to the 7 Seas, India: Clive

   

1754:

    Washington’s defeat at Fort Necessity

    Albany Conference convened

 

1755:

    Failure to take Fort Niagara

    British expulsion of Acadians

    Braddock defeated outside Ft Duquesne

    Indian raids along western frontier

 

1756:

    Invasion of Canada by the British

    European phase begins: England and

         Prussia versus Russia, Spain, France and Austria

    British still try non-concentrated strategy

   

1757:

    William Pitt reorganizes British

         younger generals, concentrated effort on Quebec and Montreal,

           back out of West Indies

   

1758:

    Defeat of French at Louisbourg

    Fort Duquesne captured, renamed Pittsburgh

   

1759:

    Wolfe captures Quebec and later dies

    British capture Niagara, Ticonderoga

   

1760: Montreal falls

 

1763: Peace of Paris

    French eliminated from North America

    Proclamation Line established

 

Paradox of victory:

    Training the next “Enemy”

    Bad Blood develops

    Flagrant self interest of colonists

    Removal of the “French Hawk”