A.P.
Chapter 2: “The Planting of English
3.
In
the 1500s,
a.
King
Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s and launched the
English Protestant Reformation.
b.
After
c.
In
A.
Colonization
1.
After
a.
Sparked
new literature, like Shakespeare
2.
After
Drake circumnavigated the globe, Liz I knighted him on his ship.
3.
However,
English tries at colonization in the
A.
Reasons
for Emigration
1.
In
the 1500s,
2.
Farmers
were enclosing land for farming.
3.
Puritanism
took a strong root in the woolen districts of western and eastern
4.
Younger
sons of rich folk (who couldn’t inherit money) tried their luck with fortunes
elsewhere, like
5.
By
the 1600s, the joint-stock company was perfected, being a forerunner to today’s
corporations.
1.
In
1606, the Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to make a
settlement in the
a.
Such
joint-stock companies usually did not exist long, as stockholders hoped to form
the company, make a profit, and then quickly sell for profit a few years later.
2.
The
charter of the Virginia Company guaranteed settlers the same rights as
Englishmen in
3.
On
a.
Forty
colonists perished during the voyage.
b.
In
mosquito-ridden
4.
Luckily,
in 1608, a Captain John Smith took over control and whipped the colonists into
discipline.
a.
He
had been kidnapped by local Indians and forced into a mock execution by the
chief Powhatan and had been “saved” by Pocahantas.
b.
The
act was meant to show that Powhatan wanted peaceful relations with the
colonists.
5.
Still,
the colonists were reduced to eating cats, dogs, rats, even other people.
6.
Finally,
in 1610, a relief party headed by Lord De La Warr arrived to alleviate the
suffering.
7.
By
1625, out of an original overall total of 8000 would-be settlers, only 1200 had
survived.
V.
Cultural
Clash in the
A.
The
Indian’s Begin to Lose Power
1.
At
first, Powhatan possibly considered the new colonists potential allies and
tried to be friendly with them, but as time passed and colonists raided Indian
food supplies, relations deteriorated and eventually, war occurred.
2.
The
First Anglo-Powhatan War ended in 1614 with a
peace settlement sealed by the marriage of Pocahontas to colonist John
Rolfe.
3.
Eight
years later, in 1622, the Indians struck again with a series of attacks that left 347 settlers, including John Rolfe,
dead.
4.
The
Second Anglo-Powhatan War began in 1644, ended in 1646, and effectively
banished the Chesapeake Indians from their ancestral lands.
5.
After
the settlers began to grow their own food, the Indians were useless, and were
therefore banished.
A.
Tobacco
Info
1.
Tobacco
created a greed for land, since it heavily depleted soil and ruined the land.
2.
King
James I detested tobacco.
3.
Representative
self-government was born in
4.
Slavery
in the
A.
Religious
Diversity
1.
Founded
in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, Maryland was the second plantation colony and the
fourth overall colony to be formed.
2.
It
was a place for persecuted Catholics to find refuge.
3.
Lord
Baltimore gave huge estates to his Catholic relatives, but the poorer people
who settled there where mostly Protestant, creating friction.
4.
However,
Maryland prospered with tobacco.
5.
It
had a lot of indentured servants.
6.
Only
in the later years of the 1600s (in Maryland and Virginia) did Black slavery
began to become popular.
7.
Maryland’s
religious statute guaranteed toleration to all Christians, but decreed the
death penalty to Jews and atheists and others who didn’t believe in the
divinity of Jesus Christ.
VIII.
The
West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America
A.
Their
Use
1.
As
the British were colonizing Virginia, they were also settling in the West
Indies (Spain’s declining power opened the door).
2.
By
mid-1600s, England had secured claim to several West Indies islands, including
Jamaica in 1655.
3.
They
grew lots of sugar there.
4.
Thousands
of African slaves were needed to operate sugar plantations, and these weren’t
for the poor either.
5.
To
control so many slaves “codes” were set up that defined the legal status of
slaves and the rights of the masters.
They were typically strict.
IX.
Colonizing
the Carolinas
A.
Restoration
Period
1.
In
England, King Charles I had been beheaded.
Oliver Cromwell had ruled for ten years before tired Englishmen restored
Charles II to the throne.
2.
The
bloody period had interrupted colonization.
3.
Carolina
was named after Charles II, and was formally created in 1670.
4.
Carolina
flourished by developing close economic ties with the West Indies.
5.
Many
original Carolina settlers had come from Barbados.
6.
Interestingly,
Indians as slaves in Carolina was protested, but to no avail. Slaves were sent to the West Indies to work,
as well as New England.
7.
Rice
emerged as the principle crop in Carolina.
a.
African
slaves were hired to work on rice fields, due to their immunity to malaria and
their familiarity with rice.
8.
Despite
violence with Spanish and Indians, Carolina proved to be too strong to be wiped
out.
X.
The
Emergence of North Carolina
A.
Conflict
1.
Many
newcomers to Carolina were “squatters,” people who owned no land.
2.
North
Carolinians developed a strong resistant to authority, due to geographic
isolation from neighbors.
3.
In
1712, North and South Carolina were officially separated.
4.
In
1711, when Tuscarora Indians attacked North Carolinas, the Carolinians
responded by crushing the opposition, selling hundreds to slavery and leaving
the rest to wander north, eventually becoming the Sixth Nation of the Iroquois.
XI.
Late-Coming
Georgia: The Buffer Colony
A.
Georgia’s
Purpose
1.
Georgia
was intended to be a buffer between the British colonies and the hostile
Spanish settlements in Florida and the enemy French in Louisiana.
2.
Founded
in 1733 by a high-minded group of philanthropists, it was the last colony
founded.
3.
Named
after King George II of England, Georgia was also meant to be a haven for
wretched souls in debt.
4.
James
Oglethorpe, the ablest of the founders and a dynamic soldier-statesman,
repelled Spanish attacks.
a.
He
saved “the Charity Colony” by his energetic leadership and by using his own
fortune to help with the colony.
5.
All
Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration, and many missionaries
came to try to convert the Indians.
a.
John
Wesley was one of them, and he later returned to England and founded Methodism.
6.
Georgia
grew very slowly.
XII.
The
Plantation Colonies
A.
Comparisons
and Contrasts
1.
Slavery
was found in all the plantation colonies.
2.
Growth
of cities was often stunted by forests.
3.
Establishment
of schools and churches was difficult.
4.
In
the South, the crops were tobacco and rice.
5.
All
the plantation colonies permitted some religious toleration.
6.
Confrontations
with Native Americans was often.
XIII.
Makers
of America: The Iroquois
In what is now New York State, the Iroquois once
were a great power.
They were made up of the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the
Onondagas, the Deganawidah, and the Hiawatha.
They vied with neighboring Indians and later French,
English, and Dutch for supremacy.
The longhouse was the building block of Iroquois
society.
Only 25 feet wide but over 200 feet long, longhouses
were typically occupied by a few blood-related families (on the mother’s side).
The Mohawks were middlemen with European traders.
The Senecas were fur suppliers.
The Five Nations of the Iroquois’ rivals, the
neighboring Hurons, Eries, and Petuns, were vanquished.
Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, the Iroquois allied
with the British and French (whichever more beneficial).
When the American Revolution broke out, the decision
to side with who was split. Most sided
with the British, but not all.
Afterwards, the Iroquois were forced to
reservations, which proved to be unbearable to these proud people.
An Iroquois named Handsome Lake arose to warn his
tribespeople to mend their ways.
His teachings live today in the form of the
longhouse religion.
He died in 1815.
