The Triangle Fire
The Triangle fire which occurred in the Asch building on the corner
of Washington and Greene St. (The site which is now Washington Square)
was one of the worst factory fires in New York history. It occurred on
March 25, 1911. This blaze killed a total of 146 women and girls, and injured
hundreds more. This fire later led to a huge American labor movement to
fight for the government to ensured safe workplaces. This fire also led
to the issuance of today’s labor laws that protect factory workers in health,
disability, and fire prevention.
This fire was a tragedy not only towards the victims, and their
famillies, but it also affected all New Yorkers. There were drives to raise
money for those familiers who lost mothers, sisters, wives, etc.
The mayor (Gaynor) contributed $100 which is equivalent to about $2000
in today’s money. There was a touching letter written by a child
along with $10. It read:
I went down town with my daddy yesterday to see that terrible fire where
all the littel girls jumped out of high
windows. My littel cousin Beartrice and I are sending you five
dollars a piece our savings bank to help them out of the trubbel
please give it to the right one to use it for somebody whose littel girl
jumped out of a window I woulden’t like to jump out of a window
myself.
The New York legislature, who were very upset over the events that led
to the fire, created a commission, which was headed by then Senator Robert
F. Wagoner, Alfred E Smith ( in which a high school is named after in the
Bronx), and Samuel Gompers (also named for a high school in the Bronx)
to be in charge of the investigations of the conditions in sweatshops.
The division of Fire Prevention was also created as part of the
Fire Department. Their function was to rid factories of fire hazards, and
there were also new restrictions put into play also. All doors must now
open outwards, they are not to be locked during school hours, there msut
also be sprinkler systems if a company employs more than 25 people above
the ground floor. Fire drills are also now mandatory for buildings lacking
sprinkler systems.
How did the fire begin? And what happened that day?
There is still specualtion
as to how the fire started in the first place. It is believed that one
of the men was smoking and threw a match or a cigarette onto the clutter-filled
floor.
The fire was discovered during the end of the work day. At
around a quarter to five, as the girls who worked for Issac Harrism and
Max Blanck were gathering their belongings, someone yelled out “Fire!”.
In a panic women and girls who worked at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company
jumped out of windows to save themselves form the fire. They instead jumped
to their deaths. Others jumped on elevators and staricases. Due to the
amount of panic stricken women the doors slammed shut locking them inside.
Unfortunately, the doors opened inwards, instead of towards the outside.
Only 10 passengers were able to fit in the elevators, but that still wasn’t
enough. There was finally a time when the door was opened, but this didn’t
nearly stop the tregedy of that March 25th 1911. Women jumped from floors
as high as the eighth floor, they jumped on top of elevator cars to escape
the huge blaze. The fire escape could not do nearly as much justice for
the hundreds of women in that building. It was one of the most horrendous
events that New York City had ever witnessed.
What has become of the Factory?
The Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory is now part of the New York University.