Broken down behaviorism has three aspects Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Vicarious Learning.
Classical Conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov . In an experiment on digestion, Ivan Pavlov discovered that the dogs would begin to salivate upon the scientists who would subject them to meat powder entrance. Now, there is no reason for salivation to occur upon the mere entrance of a scientist. Pavlov soon realize this and hypothesized that a neutral stimulus if paired with a stimulus that is has a response that we are inborn with, will soon have the same effect as the unconditioned stimulus.
This discovery not only allowed Pavlov to win a Nobel peace prize but helped support the contention of John Watson theories that psychology should not study myths of an unconscious that could never been seen, proven, or even could even be understood by those who knew of its existence. He felt that psychology should look at overt behavior. This could be measured, observed, predicted and quite possibly controlled.
Operant conditioning was a theory discovered by Edward Lee Thorndike . This 2-part theory basically goes on the theory that behaviors are performed because they are rewarded by the giving of a stimulus that elicits positive feelings (positive reinforcement) or by the removal of a stimulus that elicits negative feelings ( negative punishment). The second part believes that behaviors can be reduced when a stimulus that elicits negative feelings is given ( positive punishments) and that when a stimulus that causes positive feelings is taken away( negative reinforcements then the performing of a specific behavior would reduced. Thus became the reason of what is known to be the "Law Of Effect".
Vicarious learning is a what we would call Social Learning Theory