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Att rökare skadas beror inte enbart på röknin .
Tänk på att en del forskare kan vara antinikotinister.
AU MUTO-H, TAKIZAWA-Y.
TI DIOXINS IN CIGARETTE SMOKE.
SO ARCH-ENVIRON-HEALTH 44 (3). 1989. 171-174.
IN DEP PUBLIC-HEALTH, AKITA UNIV SCH MED, HONDO 1-1-1, AKITA 010, JPN.
AB Dioxins in cigarettes, smoke, and ash were determined using gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total concentration of
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in cigarette smoke was
approximately 5.0 .mu.g/m3 at the maximum level, whereas various
congeners from tetra-octa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (-CDD) were
detected. Particularly, the total concentrations of hepta-CDD
congeners was the highest among these congeners. Mass fragmentograms
of various PCDD congeners were similar to those in flue gas samples
collected from a municipal waste incinerator. The PCDD congeners that
were not present in the cigarettes were found in the smoke samples.
The 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent value.sbd.an index for effects on
humans.sbd.for total PCDDs in smoke was 1.81 ng/m3 using the toxic
factor of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Daily
intake of PCDDs by smoking 20 cigarettes was estimated to be
approximately 4.3 pg .cntdot. kg body weight/day. This value was
close to that of the ADIs: 1-5 pg .cntdot. kg body weight/day
reported in several countries. A heretofore unrecognized health risk
was represented by the presence of PCDDs in cigarette smoke.
AU Ott-M-G, Zober-A.
TI Morbidity study of extruder personnel with potential exposure to
brominated dioxins and furans. II results of clinical laboratory
studies.
SO Occupational-and-Environmental-Medicine 53 (12). 1996. 844-846. ISSN
1351-0711.
IN Occupational Med Health Protection Dep, BASF Aktiengesellschaft,
D-67056 Ludwigschaften, Germany.
AB Objectives-To test whether dioxins affect liver and thyroid function,
lipid metabolism and glucose or immunological variables, in workers
exposed to brominated dioxins and furans. Methods-34 male production
employee (29 were extruder operators) and eight technical support
personnel were studied, all of whom were potentially expose to
polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and furans (PBDFs) during
production of resins containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDEs). Controls were from a similar resin producing plant that did
not use PBDEs. Blood samples were analysed for tetra, penta, and
hexabrominated congeners, but 2,3,7,8-TBDD was the only exposure
measure used in the regression analyses. Seven liver function
indicators, five measures of blood lipids and glucose, four
haematology and blood coagulation measures, and three measures of
thyroid function were examined. Results-None of the variables was
statistically related to concentration of 2,3,7,8-TBDD in the
regression analyses. Cigarette smoking was related to several
outcomes at the 0.05 level: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine
aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), erythrocyte
sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count. Body mass index was
also related to alanine aminotransferase, gamma-
glutamyltranspeptidase, cholinesterase, GLDH, cholesterol,
triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and
glucose concentrations. No definitive associations between liver,
blood lipid, thyroid, or immunological variables and exposure to
brominated dioxins or blood lipid concentration of 2,3,7,8-TBDD were
found. Conclusions-The study population was small and hence the
findings must be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, these
results provide a base for interpreting the results of clinical
studies in similarly exposed populations.
AU Malkin-R.
TI Occupational and environmental lead and PCB exposure at a scrap metal
dealer.
SO Environmental-Research 70 (1). 1995. 20-23. ISSN 0013-9351.
IN Div Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations Field Studies, Natl Inst
Occupational Safety Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop R-10,
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA.
AB Blood lead levels (BPb) and serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels
(PCB) were obtained from 17 employees at two adjacent scrap metal
dealers. One facility was located outdoors, directly on top of soil
known to be contaminated with lead and PCBs, and the other was
located indoors with a concrete floor. BPbs ranged from 4.0 to 39.8
mu-g/dl (mean 19.9 mu-g/dl, geometric mean 17.5 mu-g/dl) and PCB
levels ranged from lt 1 to 65.3 ppb (mean 7.5 ppb). There was no
significant difference in either BPb or serum PCB between the two
sites. BPb was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes
smoked at work, and both BPb and serum PCB were significantly related
to eating lunch outside the lunchroom, suggesting hand-to-mouth
contact as a source of exposure. The lack of difference in BPb
between employees of the two scrap metal dealers suggests an ongoing
source of lead exposure at the sites, other than the soil.
AU Flesch-Janys-D, Becher-H, Gurn-P, Jung-D, Konietzko-J, Manz-A,
Paepke-O.
TI Elimination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in
occupationally exposed persons.
SO Journal-of-Toxicology-and-Environmental-Health 47 (4). 1996. 363-378.
ISSN 0098-4108.
IN Med Cent Chemical Workers' Health, Fuhlsbuettler Str 401, 22309
Hamburg, Germany.
AB The elimination of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) was investigated in a group of n =
43 exposed workers with 2 blood measurements and n = 5 workers with 3
measurements. Under the assumption of a one-compartment, first-order
kinetic model the median half-life for 2,3,7,8-TCDD was 7.2 yr, while
for the other dioxins the estimates were between 3.7 yr for
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD (hepta-chlorinated) and 15.7 yr for 1,2,3,7,8-
PCDD (penta-chlorinated). For the furans median half-lives between
3.0 yr for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and 19.6 yr for 2,3,4,7,8-PCDF were
observed. There was no indication for a deviation from a first-order
kinetic. Increasing age and percent body fat were associated with
increasing half-life for most of the congeners. Smokers in general
had a faster decay than non- and ex-smokers. In summary, the higher
chlorinated PCDD/F like TCDD appear to be highly persistent in humans
with half-lives ranging between 4 and 12 yr.
AU Halperin-W, Kalow-W, Sweeney-M-H, Tang-B-K, Fingerhut-M, Timpkins-B,
Wille-K.
TI Induction of P-450 in workers exposed to dioxin.
SO Occupational-and-Environmental-Medicine 52 (2). 1995. 86-91. ISSN
1351-0711.
IN Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluations Field Studies, National Inst
Occupational Safety Health, Cent Disease Control Prevention, 4676
Columbia Parkway, Cinicinnati, OH 45226, USA.
AB Objectives: To examine the effects of occupational exposure to
substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) on cytochrome P-4501A2 activity in a cross sectional medical
survey. Methods: The exposed workers had been employed at two
chemical plants gt 15 years earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-
trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The control group consisted of
people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and who
lived within the communities of the exposed workers. A total of 58
workers and 125 unexposed controls participated in the analysis.
Cytochrome P-450 activity was assessed with a test that measures
caffeine metabolites in the urine. A ratio of metabolites of caffeine
(CMR) constituted a measure of P-4501A2 activity. Results: Compared
with the control group in multivariate logistic regression, raised
non-significant associations were found for three of four categories
of TCDD in exposed workers (TCDD lt 20 pg/g, odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95%
confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6 to 5.0, TCDD 20-66, OR 0.3, 95% CI
0.0 to 1.7; TCDD 67-147, OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.6 to 8.8; TCDD gtoreq 148,
OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 12.5). We found a strongly significant
association of CMR and urinary cotinine, a measure of smoking, and
urinary free ethanol. We found weak non-significant associations
between P-4501A2 activity and increased serum TCDD among workers.
Conclusion: The absence of an association between serum TCDD and
cytochrome P-4501A2 may be due to the size of the study,
insensitivity of the CMR to assess cytochrome P-4501A2 activity, or
inadequate levels of exposure, although these were among the highest
in human groups tested.
AU Peltola-V, Mantyla-E, Huhtaniemi-I, Ahotupa-M.
TI Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the rat
testis after cigarette smoke inhalation or administration of
polychlorinated biphenyls or polychlorinated naphthalenes.
SO Journal-of-Andrology 15 (4). 1994. 353-361. ISSN 0196-3635.
IN Dep Physiology, Univ Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, SF-20520 Turku, FIN.
AB Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzyme activities were
studied in the rat testis following exposures to cigarette smoke,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), or polychlorinated naphthalenes
(PCNs). Three hours after a single 1-hour period of smoke inhalation,
the levels of fluorescent chromolipids and thiobarbituric acid-
reactive species (TBARS) were markedly increased in the testis (+49%,
P lt 0.01, and +43%, P lt 0.05, respectively). Twelve hours after
daily smoking for 1 hour, for 1, 5, or 10 days, such an increase was
not found. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase
(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione
transferase (GSH-Tr), or hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) were not
affected immediately, 3 hours, or 12 hours after a single smoking
session. Twelve hours after smoking for 5 days, the activity of
catalase was decreased (-16%, P lt 0.05). Smoking exposures had no
consistent effects on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH), or testosterone concentrations. Single i.p.
injections of PCB or PCN mixtures resulted in decreases in testicular
SOD activity 1 day after the exposures (-14%, P lt 0.05, and -51%, P
lt 0.01, respectively). Catalase activity also decreased after both
exposures (-30 to -42%, P lt 0.05, at days 1-7 after PCB exposure,
and -37 to -43%, P lt 0.05, at days 3-7 after PCN exposure). Ninety
days after the PCN exposure, activities of GSH-Px and GSH-Tr were
decreased in the testis (-20%, P lt 0.05, and -26%, P lt 0.05,
respectively). The only statistically significant change in lipid
peroxidation measurements in the testes of PCB- or PCN-treated rats
was a decrease in TBARS by 13% (P lt 0.01) 1 day after PCN exposure.
The main findings of this study were the increase in lipid
peroxidation in the rat testis after cigarette smoke inhalation and
the impairment of the function of the enzymatic antioxidant defense
after exposures to PCBs or PCNs. These results suggest that free
radical-dependent mechanisms may play an important role in the
testicular toxicity of environmental chemicals.
AU HOVINGA-M-E, SOWERS-M, HUMPHREY-H-E-B.
TI ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE AND LIFESTYLE PREDICTORS OF LEAD CADMIUM PCB
AND DDT LEVELS IN GREAT LAKES FISH EATERS.
SO ARCH-ENVIRON-HEALTH 48 (2). 1993. 98-104.
IN DEP EPIDEMIOL, SCH PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIV ALABAMA BIRMINGHAM, UAB
STATION, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294.
AB A previously characterized cohort of 115 Great Lakes fish eaters and
95 non-fish-eating regional controls was reexamined in 1989. Levels
of blood lead and cadmium and serum PCB and DDT were measured.
Lifestyle characteristics, including recent and historic fish
consumption, were evaluated as predictors of contaminant levels using
multivariate regression analysis. Significantly elevated serum PCB
and DDT levels were observed in fish eaters, compared with controls.
Historic fish consumption, rather than recent consumption, was
identified as the primary predictor of current serum levels. Mean
blood lead and cadmium were also significantly higher in fish eaters
than in controls. However, the primary predictors of lead and cadmium
were behavioral exposures-specifically smoking and self-reported
occupational and recreational exposure-rather than fish consumption.
These findings illustrate the importance of evaluating a variety of
possible sources when investigating human exposure to environmental
contaminants.
AU ZOBER-M-A, OTT-M-G, PAEPKE-O, SENFT-K, GERMANN-C.
TI MORBIDITY STUDY OF EXTRUDER PERSONNEL WITH POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO
BROMINATED DIOXINS AND FURANS I. RESULTS OF BLOOD MONITORING AND
IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTS.
SO BR-J-IND-MED 49 (8). 1992. 532-544.
IN OCCUPATIONAL MED HEALTH PROTECTION DEP, BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,
LUDWIGSHAFEN, GER.
AB The potential for exposure of employees to polybrominated
dibenzofurans (PBDFs) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) during extrusion
blending of resins containing decabromodiphenyl ether was established
through previous air monitoring (area samples) and biomonitoring
studies. The findings presented herein are further biomonitoring
results for 42 employees and immunological tests for exposed and
referent employees. Among potentially exposed men, 2,3,7,8-TBDF and
2,3,7,8-TBDD concentrations in blood lipid ranged from non-detectable
to 112 parts per trillion (ppt) and from non-detectable to 478 ppt
respectively. Biomonitoring results correlated well with assignments
in the extruder work area when adjusted for process changes and
engineering improvements and provided biological half life estimates
of between 1.1 and 1.9 years for 2,3,7,8-TBDF and between 2.9 and
10.8 years for 2,3,7,8-TBDD. Resuls for 16 measures of the immune
system were examined in relation to exposure (exposed v referent
group) and in relation to the biomonitoring data. Some individual
trends in immunological parameters with exposure and covariates such
as age and cigarette smoking were found (for example, an increase in
complement C4 with increasing concentrations of PBDFs and PBDDs,
increased lymphocyte subpopulation counts with cigarette smoking);
however, the overall clinical assessment was that the immune system
of exposed employees was not adversely impacted at these burdens of
PBDFs and PBDDs.
AU HEUSSEN-G-A-H, HIKSPOORS-M-L-J, SPENKELINK-A, BROUWER-A, KOEMAN-J-H.
TI INHIBITION OF BINDING OF THYROXINE TO TRANSTHYRETIN BY OUTDOOR AND
INDOOR AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER AND EFFECTS ON THYROID HORMONE AND
VITAMIN A METABOLISM IN RATS.
SO ARCH-ENVIRON-CONTAM-TOXICOL 23 (1). 1992. 6-12.
IN DEP TOXICOL, AGRIC UNIV TUINLAAN 5, 6703 HE WAGENINGEN, NETH.
AB Previous studies have indicated that chemicals, e.g., hydroxylated
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) decrease plasma thyroxin levels
through interaction with transthyretin. As a consequence, plasma
vitamin A and thyroxin are depleted. Both thyroxin and vitamin A are
important regulators of normal epithelial differentiation and
proliferation and might act in the promotion phase of carcinogenesis.
In the present report, extracts of indoor and outdoor airborne
particulate matter (APM), originating from different pollution
sources, were tested for a possible interaction in vitro and in vivo
with thyroxin and vitamin A. Results indicated that all APM extracts
significantly interfered with thyroxin binding to transthyretin. In
all cases, the more polluted samples inhibited binding more than the
corresponding control samples. Exposure of rats to cigarette smoke
extract induced clear changes in plasma thyroxin and triiodothyronin
hormone levels. Triidothyronin levels were reduced most. Effects on
plasma vitamin A levels were also found, but these were less clear.
In addition a decrease in lung vitamin A levels was found, but this
decrease was not statistically significant. Exposure of rats to an
outdoor APM extract induced significant changes in plasma
triiodothyronin levels. Effects on thyroxin levels were not
significant, although the same trend was seen as for the cigarette
smoke APM extract. No changes in plasma or liver vitamin A
concentrations were induced by the outdoor APM extract. Lung vitamin
A levels were decreased, but again this decrase was not statistically
significant. Taken together, the present report shows that APM
extracts have the potency to interfere with thyroid hormone
metabolism both in vitro and in vivo and probably with vitamin A
metabolism as well. As the thyroxin-transthyretin binding assay is
rapid and sensitive, this parameter may be a useful new biomarker for
assessing air quality.
AU DAGNELIE-P-C, VAN-STAVEREN-W-A, ROOS-A-H, TUINSTRA-L-G-M-T, BUREMA-J.
TI NUTRIENTS AND CONTAMINANTS IN HUMAN MILK FROM MOTHERS ON MACROBIOTIC
AND OMNIVOROUS DIETS.
SO EUR-J-CLIN-NUTR 46 (5). 1992. 355-366.
IN INSTITUTE OF INTERNAL MED, II, ERASMUS UNIV OF ROTTERDAM, PO BOX
1738, 3000 DR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS.
AB The effect of alternative dietary habits and prolonged lactation on
the nutrient and contaminant concentrations in human milk was
studied. The study sample consisted of mothers on macrobiotic diets,
containing little or no dairy products and meat, at 2-3 months
postpartum (n = 9) and 9-13 months postpartum (n = 12), and mothers
of omnivorous diets at 2-3 months postpartum (n = 10). Protein and
zinc concentrations in breast-milk from macrobiotic mothers decreased
with stage of lactation. After adjustment for stage of lactation,
milk from macrobiotic mothers contained less calcium, magnesium and
saturated fatty acid C15:0-C20:0, and more polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Observed tendencies for lower protein and fat and higher
lactose concentrations in the macrobiotic group were not
statistically significant. Concentrations of vitamin B12, HCB and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 180)
were lower in the macrobiotic group. After adjustment for confounding
variables, meat and fish consumption, but not dairy products,
contributed to vitamin B12 concentrations. Meat and dairy products
strongly contributed to breast-milk concentrations of dieldrin and
PCBs, fish to PCB 118, and smoking to DDT and dieldrin. Our findings
suggest that breast-milk contamination could be reduced by abstinence
from smoking and a moderate intake of animal products. However, risk
of nutritional deficiencies rules out complete avoidance of meat,
fish or dairy products. Quantitative research on the effects of a
reduced consumption of animal products, as well as smoking, on
breast-milk contamination is warranted.
AU COGGON-D, PANNETT-B, WINTER-P.
TI MORTALITY AND INCIDENCE OF CANCER AT FOUR FACTORIES MAKING PHENOXY
HERBICIDES.
SO BR-J-IND-MED 48 (3). 1991. 173-178.
IN MRC ENVIRON EPIDEMIOL UNIT, UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, SOUTHAMPTON GEN HOSP,
SOUTHAMPTON SO9 4XY.
AB To assess the possible carcinogenicity of phenoxy herbicides and
related chlorophenols and dioxins, the International Agency for
Research on Cancer is coordinating an international collaborative
study of workers exposed to these compounds in their production or
use. Four British cohorts of chemical manufacturers which have been
recruited to the survey are described. They comprise a total of 2239
men employed during 1963-85. These subjects were traced to 31
December 1987 through the National Health Service Central Register
and the National Insurance Index, and their mortality compared with
that in the national population. Two deaths were from non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma with 0.87 expected. Both deaths occurred more than 10 years
after first exposure to phenoxy compounds. One further non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma was registered in a living subject with probable exposure to
phenoxy compounds. No cases of soft tissue sarcoma or Hodgkin's
disease were recorded. A nonsignificant excess of lung cancer (19
deaths observed, 14.2 expected) is probably attributable to chance or
a confounding effect of smoking. In one cohort only there was
increased mortality from circulatory disease (34 deaths observed,
20.4 expected). A nested case-control study did not point to any
occupational cause for this excess, but further evaluation will be
needed during continued follow-up.
AU FINGERHUT-M-A, HALPERIN-W-E, MARLOW-D-A, PIACITELLI-L-A, HONCHAR-P-A,
SWEENEY-M-H, GREIFE-A-L, DILL-P-A, STEENLAND-K, SURUDA-A-J.
TI CANCER MORTALITY IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO 2 3 7 8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-
DIOXIN.
SO N-ENGL-J-MED 324 (4). 1991. 212-218.
IN INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH, DIVISION SURVEILLANCE, HAZARD
EVALUATIONS, FIELD STUDIES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
HEALTH, CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL, 4676 COLUMBIA PKY, CINCINNATI, OHIO
45226.
AB Background: In both animal and epidemiologic studies, exposure to
dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD) has been
associated with an increased risk of cancer. Methods: We conducted a
retrospective cohort study of mortality among the 5172 workers at 12
plants in the United States that produced chemicals contaminated with
TCDD. Occupational exposure was documented by reviewing job
descriptions and by measuring TCDD in serum from a sample of 253
workers. Causes of death were taken from death certificates. Results:
Mortality from several cancers previously associated with TCDD
(stomach, liver, and nasal cancers, Hodgkin's disease, and non-
Hodgkin's lymphoma) was not significantly elevated in this cohort.
Mortality from soft-tissue sarcoma was increased, but not
significantly (4 deaths; standardized mortality ratio (SMR), 338; 95
percent confidence interval, 92 to 865). In the subcohort of 1520
workers with .gtoreq. 1 year of exposure and .gtoreq.20 years of
latency, however, mortality was significantly increased for soft-
tissue sarcoma (3 deaths; SMR, 922; 95 percent confidence interval,
190 to 2695) and for cancers of the respiratory system (SMR, 142; 95
percent confidence interval, 103 to 192). Mortality from all cancers
combined was slightly but significantly elevated in the overall
cohort (SMR, 115; 95 percent confidence interval, 102 to 130) and was
higher in the subcohort with .gtoreq. 1 year of exposure and .gtoreq.
20 years of latency (SMR, 146; 95 percent confidence interval, 121 to
176). Conclusions: This study of mortality among workers with
occupational exposure to TCDD does not confirm the high relative
risks reported for many cancers in previous studies. Conclusions
about an increases in the risk of soft-tissue sarcoma are limited by
small numbers and misclassification on death certificates. Excess
mortality from all cancers combined, cancers of the respiratory
tract, and soft-tissue sarcoma may result from exposure to TCDD,
although we cannot exclude the possible contribution of factors such
as smoking and occupational exposure to other chemicals.
AU KOPPE-J-G.
TI DIOXINS AND FURANS IN THE MOTHER AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON THE FETUS
AND NEWBORN BREAST-FED BABY.
SO ACTA-PAEDIATR-SCAND-SUPPL 0 (360). 1989. 146-153.
IN DEP NEONATOLOGY, ACADEMIC MED CENTER, UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM,
MEIBERGDREEF 9, 1105 AZ AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS.
AB Due to pollution of the environment with PCBs, dioxins and furans
these highly poisonous chemicals have accumulated in the adipose
tissue of human beings. In breast milk of 14 mothers concentrations
of dioxins and furans were found in milk fat, close to or in the
range of the concentrations necessary to induce enzymes in "in vitro"
rat liver cells (80-132 ppt). The hypothesis is that the above
mentioned chemicals can be responsible for a vitamin K deficiency in
the babies resulting in a bleeding analogous with phenobarbital. Both
the pure TCDD content in milk fat and the content of dioxins and
furans expressed as toxic equivalents (Nordic model) were higher in
milk given to babies that presented a bleeding (4 our of 14).
However, the sample size is too small for statistical analysis. No
relation with age, parity, overweight, fish eating or smoking of the
mother and dioxin content of her breast milk was seen in our small
sample size.
AU BRANDT-RAUF-P-W, NIMAN-H-L.
TI SERUM SCREENING FOR ONCOGENE PROTEINS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO PCBS.
SO BR-J-IND-MED 45 (10). 1988. 689-693.
IN OCCUPATIONAL MED, COLUMBIA-PRESBYTERIAN MED CENTER, NEW YORK, NY.
AB A cohort of 16 municipal workers engaged in cleaning oil from old
transformers was examined for possible health effects from exposure
to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In addition to the evaluation of
routine clinical parameters (history, physical examination, liver
function tests, serum triglycerides, serum PCB values), a new
screening technique for the presence of oncogene proteins in serum
using monoclonal antibodies was used to ascertain the potential
carcinogenic risk from exposure in these workers. Except for one
individual, serum PCB concentrations were found to be relatively low
in this cohort, probably due to the observance of appropriate
protective precautions. The results of liver function test were
within normal limits and serum triglyceride concentrations showed no
consistent relation to PCB concentrations. Six individuals, all of
whom were smokers, showed abnormal banding patterns for fes oncogene
related proteins. The individual with the highest serum PCB
concentration also exhibited significantly raised levels of the H-ras
oncogene related P21 protein in his serum. These oncogene protein
findings may be indicative of an increased risk for the development
of malignant disease in these individuals.
AU EMMETT-E-A, MARONI-M, JEFFERYS-J, SCHMITH-J, LEVIN-B-K, ALVARES-A.
TI STUDIES OF TRANSFORMER REPAIR WORKERS EXPOSED TO PCBS II. RESULTS OF
CLINICAL LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS.
SO AM-J-IND-MED 14 (1). 1988. 47-62.
IN NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY, GPO BOX 58 SYDNEY, NSW 2001,
AUSTRALIA.
AB Thirty-eight transformer repairmen currently exposed to
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 17 former transformer repairmen,
and 56 comparison workers not known to be exposed to PCBs were
studied. Measurements were made of serum liver function tests, gamma-
glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lipid profile, thyroid function tests,
and other serum biochemistry; hemoglobin; white cell count; 24-hour
excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid, porphyrins, 17-
hydroxycorticosteriods and 17-ketosteroids; sperm count; spirometry;
and antipyrine half-life to evaluate microsomal mixed function
oxidase inuction. The total exposed group differed significantly from
the comparison group in albumin, LDH, T4, T4-RT3 index, and actual
/predicted FEV1. Significant differences among all three exposure
groups were seen for albumin, T4, T4-RT3 index, and 17-
hydroxycorticosteroid excretion. Differences in FEV1 were
attributable to smoking. Significant correlations between serum PCBs
and serum lipids were removed by adjustment for confounding
variables. After adjustment for confounding variables, there was a
statistically significant positive correlation between serum PCBs and
GGT and a negative correlation between adipose PCBs and 17-
hydroxycorticosteroid excretion. These may reflect subtle metabolic
effects of PCBs.
AU LUND-J, ANDERSSON-O, RIPE-E.
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A BINDING PROTEIN FOR THE POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYL METABOLITE 4 4' BISMETHYLSULFONYL-2 2' 5 5'-
TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL PRESENT IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FROM HEALTHY
SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS.
SO TOXICOL-APPL-PHARMACOL 83 (3). 1986. 486-493.
IN DEP MED NUTR, KAROLINSKA INST, HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP, F69, S-141 86
HUDDINGE, SWED.
AB Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in a group of healthy
subjects (10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers) and the recovered fluid was
shown to contain specific binding sites for a metabolite of a
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), 4,4'-bis((3H)
methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl ((3H-MeSO2)2TCB). The
sites seem to reside within a protein-like component and the apparent
dissociation constant (Kd) for the binding was .apprx. 2 .times. 10-7
M regardless of the smoking status of the subject. However, the
maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) was significantly lower for
the smokers (p < 0.001). Competition studies indicated that some PCB
methyl sulfones had similar affinities for the specific binding sites
as (MeSO2)2TCB. Physicochemical characterization of the human (3H-Me
SO2)2TCB-binding protein indicated a Stokes radius of 22 .ANG. and a
sedimentation coefficient of 1.9 S, and on the basis of these
parameters an apparent molecular weight of 17,700 was calculated. The
binding protein had an apparent pI of 4.9. It is suggested that the
specific binding protein for certain PCB methyl sulfones in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy subjects is responsible for
the previously observed tendency of PCB metabolites to accumulate in
human lung tissue.
Created by Christer.Nylander@marinecol.lu.se
Thanks Angelfire
Email: christer.nylander@marinecol.lu.se
