Nutrition – Chapter 1
Nutrition Web:
Eating Cues Malnutrition Long-Term
Health
Nutrition Nutrients Exercise
Energy
Eating Habits
Lifestyle Food Choices
- Nutrition and Health
- Why is nutrition important in long-term health?
- Poor diet is a risk factor for certain chronic diseases
- Obesity is a risk factor for certain conditions
- 75 % of all the cancer we see in this country can be attributed in some way to smoking and diet.
- Other conditions like osteoporosis and cirrhosis of the liver can also be attributed to diet.
- What is nutrition?
- Nutrition
=> The science of food, nutrients and their processing and interaction with the body.
- Malnutrition
=> The lack of essential mutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids. Ranges from mild to severe or life-threatening.
- Undernourished
=> A form of hunger where there is a lack of adequate food energy as measured in calories. Starvation is the most severe form of undernutrition.
- Classes of Nutrients
- Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals & Water.
- Provide energy, Promote growth & development and regulate body processes.
- Carbohydrates
- Sugars or Starches
- Primary energy source
- Simple sugars – glucose, sucrose or lactose
- Complex carbohydrates – glycogen, starch
- Important component of cell membranes
- Some cells can only use glucose as an energy source
- Source of carbohydrates is plants
- Source of dietary fiber
- Lipids
- Fats or Oils
- Secondary energy source
- Water insoluable
- Cholesterol, Estrogen, Testosterone
- Major component of the cell membrane
- Plant (oil) or Animal (fat) sources
- Saturated and Unsaturated
- Proteins
- Four levels of Structure
- Made of amino acids
- Tertiary energy source
- Structural components, immune components
- Control body metabolism (enzymes)
- Contain nitrogen
- Vitamins
- Needed in small quantities
- Function in metabolism and other aspects of growth & repair
- Provide no usuable energy for the body
- Most are NOT made by the body
- Fat-soluable (A,D,E,K)
- Water-soluable (B and C)
- Some vitamins are anti-oxidants
- Minerals
- Needed in minute quantities
- Used in mineral combinations (bone, salt)
- Critical in normal function of the nervous system
- Major minerals and trace minerals
- Water
- solvent and lubricant
- medium for transport of nutrients and waste
- medium for temperature regulation and chemical processes
- Require about 2 liters per day.
- The American Diet
- Typical American Diet
- 16% proteins
- 50% carbohydrates
- 33% fats
- Healthy People 2000
- Address issues of anemia, failure to thrive, osteoporosis and obesity
- Decrease blood lipids
- Increase complex carbohydrates & fiber intakes
- Increase nutrition education
- Cues for eating
- Hunger
=> The internal drive to find & eat food that is mostly regulated by innate cues to eating.(physiological)
- Appetite
=> The external influences that encourage us to find & eat food, often in the absence of obvious hunger.(pyschological)
- Satiety
=> State in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction.
Physiological drives
- Stretching of the stomach
- Higher fiber and starch/decreased fat
- Endorphins => increase desire to eat
- Cortisol => increase desire to eat
- Serotonin => Neurotransmitter
- Cholecystokinin => GI Tract
- Leptin => adipose tissue
- Psychological drives
- Early experiences
- Habits
- Advertising
- Convenience
- Social Customs
- Economics
- Improving our Diets
- Assignments
- Rate your plate
- Study questions 1-10 (pg 24)