Reproductive System
:
- Overview
Male Female
Gonads Testes Ovaries
Hormones Androgens Estrogens
Gametes Many/day One/month
Transport Ducts Long Short
Accessory Glands No accessory glands
Exit body Exit uterus
Reproductive Role Genetic Genetic & Gestational
- Male Reproductive System
- General Overview
Testes
Epididymis
Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
Accessory Organs
Urethra
- Testes
- Spermatic Cord
- muscle and connective tissue that enclose the nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels that supply the testes
- Contains: Vas Deferen, Artery, Vein, Nerves
- Begin at inguinal canal
- Descent of the Testes
- Testes form inside body cavity near the developing kidneys
- Gubernaculum => C.T. attached to testes and peritoneum
- Descent of testes => approximately 7th month of development
- Anatomy
- Scrotum => sac of skin enclosing testes
- perineal raphe => partition between the two testes
- tunica vaginalis => membrane that lines the scrotal cavity
- cremaster muscle => pull testes closer/farther from body
- tunica albuginea => serous membrane covering the testes
- Histology
- septa => sub-divide testes into lobules
- seminiferous tubules => tightly coiled tubules distributed among the lobules. Site of sperm production.
Seminiferous tubules
Strait tubules
Rete testes
Efferent ducts
Epididymis
- Leydig cells
- Produce androgen
- Affected by alcohol
- Spermatogenesis
- Male reproductive tract
- nourishment, storage and transport of sperm
- Epididymis
- three regions: head, body and tail
- functions:
-monitor and adjust tubular fluid
-recycle damaged sperm
-store sperm and transport sperm to Vas Deferens
- Vas Deferens
- Store sperm
- transport sperm
- Urethra
- used by both urinary and reproductive systems
- 3 divisions: prostatic, membranous and penile
- Accessory Glands
- Seminal Vessicles
- secretory gland (fructose)
- Prostate Gland
- Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s Glands)
- Penis
- 3 regions: root, body and glans
- corpora cavernosa => erectile tissue
- corpora spongiosa => surround urethra
- Female Reproductive System
- General Overview
Ovaries
Fallopian Tubes
Uterus
Vagina
- The Ovaries
- Functions
- Production of eggs
- Secrete hormones (estrogen/progesterone)
- Secrete inhibin
- Support
- Ovarian ligaments
- Suspensory ligament
- tuncia albuginea
- Oogenesis
- Ovarian cycle
- ovarian follicles
- structure where oocyte growth and meiosis I occurs in cortex of ovary.
- primary oocytes
- found in outer part of cortex mear tunica albuginea
- primordial follicle
- layer of simple squamous follicular cells that surround the primary oocyte
- ovarian cycle
- a group of primordial follicles is activated once each month
- Steps in the ovarian cycle
- Formation of primary follicles
- stimulated by FSH
- primordial follicle => primary follicle
- follicular cells => granulosa cells
- Formation of secondary follicles
- Liquor folliculi accumulate in small pockets around follicle
- Formation of a Tertiary follicle
- 10-14 day of cycle
- corona radiata
- increase in LH
- complete meiosis I (rest at metaphase II)
- Ovulation
- tertiary follicle releases the secondary oocyte
- day 14
- Formation/degeneration of the Corpus Luteum
- tertiary follicle collapses
- blood enter antrum
- granulosa cells => corpus luteum
- if no fertilization => degenerate 12-14 days post-ovulation
- corpus albicans => scar tissue
- Fallopian Tubes
- hollow, muscular tube
- three regions:
- infundibulum
- closest to ovary
- fimbriae
- ampulla
- isthmus
- histology => ciliated columnar with mucus glands
- PID
- Uterus
- Functions
- protection
- waste removal
- nourishment
- partuition
- Support
- uterosacral ligaments
- round ligaments
- lateral ligaments
- Regions
- body (fundus and isthmus)
- cervix
- Uterine wall
- myometrium => outer, muscular layer
- endometrium => inner glandular layer
- functional zone of endometrium
- basilar zone of endometrium
- perimetrium => serosal covering
- Uterine cycle
- menses
- begin with degeneration of functional zone of the endometrium
- gradual sloughing of endometrial tissue
- proliferative phase
- glands multiply and spread
- growth and vascularization
- pre-ovulatory
- estrogen control
- Secretory phase
- glands enlarge and increase secretions
- estrogen and progesterone from corpus luteum
- post-ovulatory
- Vagina => muscular tube between cervix and vaginal opening
- Mammary glands => lactation
- Hormones and reproductive function
Male
Hypothalamus
GnRH
Anterior Pituitary
LH FSH
TESTES
Testosterone Spermatogenesis Inhibin
Female
Hypothalamus
GnRH
Anterior Pituitary
LH FSH
OVARIES
Progesterone Estrogen Inhibin Follicles
