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A Brief History of the 200th and 515th Coast Artillery
For eight months the Regiment underwent hard and rigorous training at Fort Bliss, Texas. Not only did these former “horse soldiers” have to learn new skills and techniques, but they had to absorb into their units hundreds of untrained Selective Service inductees. At one time the Regiment numbered over 2300, more than 400 above war strength figures.
On 17 August 1941, the Regiment was notified that it had been selected for an overseas assignment of great importance and that the choice had been made because of the high satisfactory state of training which had been attained. The reward for all the hard work performed in Federal Service was to have the 200th named officially as the best Anti-aircraft Regiment, (Regular or otherwise), then available to the United States Armed Forces for use in an area of critical military importance.
By 26 September 1941, the entire Regiment reached the Philippines and then immediately moved to Fort Stotsenberg, some 75 miles north of Manila. On 23 November, all batteries were placed in combat positions for the protection of Fort Stotsenberg. The training program was to provide the greatest possible amount of experience under simulated war conditions.
During the next ten weeks of settling down, the 200th was able to unpack its equipment, get set in position, and had even planned for some target practice; however, no target ammunition could be obtained. As a consequence, the first shots fired by the 200th were aimed at enemy aircraft. They fought the war without ever having had any firing practice.
At 1235 hours, 8 December, Manila time, Japanese bombers, flying at 23,000 feet and accompanied by strafing planes, made their appearance and the war was on. The 200th could not, with powder train fuses effective only to about 20,000 feet, do much damage to the high altitude bombers. The men dished out what ever they could and stood up well under these unfavorable and unequal conditions. When the smoke from the muzzles cleared away, five enemy planes had been shot down and two men of the outfit had lost their lives.
Fire from the Regiment defense held back Japanese air attempts to destroy the bridges. As a result, the North and South Luzon Forces found a clear passage into Bataan. Thus the 200th and the 515th completed their tasks of bringing the divisions safely to the peninsula.
The next three months saw the war situation deteriorate from bad to worse. While the enemy air actions were sporadic in nature, the menace of malaria and dysentery was everywhere. Food became scarce and the combination of hunger and fever reduced the units on Bataan to a state of apathy.
On 3 April 1942, the Japanese received sufficient reinforcements with which to begin their drive down the peninsula. An intense concentration of Japanese air and artillery fire was placed on the front and rear areas. After two days and nights of continuous shelling, the Japanese infantry and tank attacks commenced. On 7 April, the combined enemy effort broke through allied lines.
Of the eighteen hundred men in the Regiment, less than nine hundred made it back home and within one year a third of them died from various complications. See: Casualties [Report Re This Statement!]
In December of 1945, General Wainwright, in paying tribute to the Regiment, said:
The 200th and 515th — The New Mexico Brigade — brought home four Presidential Unit Citations and the Philippine Presidential Citation. They earned their place in American History.
Courtesy of the Bataan Memorial Military Museum and Library |
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The 200th Coast Artillery, better known as “The
Regiment,” was inducted into federal service on 6
January 1941, supposedly for one year of active duty
training.
Two weeks after the war began the Japanese started
to make landings on Luzon and their air effort over
Clark Field and the Manila area was intensified.
Soon the main Japanese landing was made and a
decision was reached to withdraw the forces into
Bataan. The parent 200th assumed the mission of
covering the retreat of the Northern Luzon Force
into Bataan while the newly formed 515th assumed a
similar mission for the South Luzon Force.
The battle for Bataan was ended on 9 April, the
fighting was over. The men who survived the ordeal
could feel justly proud of their accomplishments.
Total enemy aircraft shot down by the 200th and
515th was 86 confirmed. For four months they had
held off the Japanese, only to be overwhelmed
finally by disease and starvation. The story of the
Regiment and the other defenders reached its tragic
climax with the horrors and atrocities of the 65
mile “Death March” from Mariveles to San Fernando.
This infamous march was followed by forty months in
Prisoner of War Camps.
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