Latin Grammar

Cora Carroll Scanlon A.M.
Charles L. Scanlon A.M.


Answer key (c) Joseph Oliveri

Kindly send any corrections to joseph.oliveri "at" thomson.com, or
mjo110306 "at" gmail.com

Many thanks to Dr. Chet Creider of the University of Western Ontario
for the proofreading and suggestions.

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REVIEW LESSON NUMBER II

A.

1. monebam.
   I was warning / I used to warn.
   I warned.
   (Remember the imperfect implies an ongoing action in the past. Be selective when translating it as simple past tense in English.)
   
   
2. dabat.
   He / She / It was giving.
   
   
3. vocabantur.
   they were [being] called.
   they used to be called.
   
   
4. habebas.
   you had / held.
   you used to consider. (etc.; figurative)
   
   
5. ponebantur.
   they were being put / placed.
   
   
6. audiebatis.
   you were hearing.
   
   
7. serviebam.
   I was serving.
   
   
8. videbat.
   he was seeing.
   he was looking at / considering.
   
   
9. audiebant.
   they were hearing.
   
   
10. manducabamus.
    we were eating.
    
    
11. bibebas.
    you were drinking.
    
    
12. ibat.
    he was going.
    
    
13. introibant.
    they were entering.
    
    
14. erant.
    they were.
    
    
15. poteram.
    I was able.
    
    
16. judicabamini.
    you were being judged.
    
    
17. cadebas.
    you were falling.
    
    
18. affligebamini.
    you were being punished.
    
    

B.

1. movebit.
   he / she / it will move.
   
   
2. venio.
   I am coming.
   
   
3. stabat.
   he / she / it was standing.
   
   
4. credis.
   you believe.
   
   
5. laetificabantur.
   they were [being] gladdened.
   
   
6. erue.
   uproot / demolish. (imperative)
   draw out / deliver.
   
   
7. judicaris.
   you are being judged.
   
   
8. cadebat.
   he / she / it was falling.
   
   
9. affligit.
   he / she / it [has] punished.
   
   
10. manducate.
    eat. (imperative, pl.)
    
    
11. bibimus.
    we are drinking / we drink. (present)
    we drank. (perfect)
    
    
12. dic.
    say / tell. (imperative, sing.)
    
    
13. servientur.
    they will be served.
    
    
14. mittunt.
    they are sending / they send.
    
    
15. ducam.
    I shall lead. (future indicative)
    may I lead. (present subjunctive)
    
    
16. ite.
    go. (imperative, pl.)
    (Note: the shortest command in the Latin language is i -- "go.")
    
    
17. erat.
    he / she / it was. (imperfect)
    (Remember, even though the Latin imperfect can often be translated as perfect in English, the difference between imperfect and perfect is important in Latin. Erat and fuit are typically not interchangeable.)
    
    
18. incedo.
    I go / I walk / I am going.
    
    
19. sperabamus.
    we were hoping / trusting / anticipating.
    
    
20. lavabo.
    I will wash.
    
    
21. introit.
    he / she / it enters.
    (Cf. introitus, "entrance")
    
    
22. videtis.
    you see.
    
    
23. clamabant.
    they were crying out / proclaiming.
    
    
24. serviemini.
    you will be served. (plural)
    
    
25. ponet.
    he / she will put.
    
    

C.

1. circumstare.
   
   
2. introire.
   
   
3. inducere.
   
   
4. benedicere.
   
   
5. permittere.
   
   
6. disponere.
   
   
7. adesse.
   
   
8. advenire.
   
   

D.

1. faciebus.
   to / for the faces. (dat. pl.)
   in the faces. (abl. pl.)
   
   
2. domum.
   house. (acc. sing.)
   
   
3. vocaris.
   you are being called.
   (Remember, in the Present System -- present, imperfect, and future -- of the Passive voice, the 2nd person singular may also end in -re; e.g., vocare. This form is exactly the same as the infinitive; however, it is rarely encountered. Moreover, as with many ambiguities in Latin, the context will rule out one or the other meaning.)
   
   
4. vobiscum.
   with you. (abl. pl.)
   
   
5. fratrem.
   brother. (acc. sing.)
   
   
6. saecula.
   times / periods / ages. (nom. or acc. pl.)
   (In ecclesiastical Latin, saeculum is typically employed where we would use the word "Century" in English when referring to an historical period. E.g., saec. xvi, the 16th Century.)
   
   
7. filii.
   of the son. (gen. sing.)
   sons. (nom. pl.)
   (In some classical textbooks, you will find fili as the gen. sing.; but this abbreviated form is rarely encountered in ecclesiastical Latin.)
   
   
8. animabus.
   to / for the souls. (dat. pl.)
   in the souls. (abl. pl.)
   (Note: anima is otherwise declined like other First Declension nouns. Animabus is used to distinquish this word from animis -- the dat. and abl. pl. of animus, which means "heart, mind, spirit." Anima and animus appear to be very similar, but their respective meanings in Latin are different enough that animabus actually had to be provided to maintain the distinction. See also, filiabus and deabus; p. 9, footnotes.)
   
   
9. tibi.
   to / for you. (dat.)
   
   
10. sese.
    himself / herself / itself. (acc. sing.)
    themselves. (acc. pl.)
    by, with himself / herself / itself. (abl. sing.)
    by, with themselves. (abl. pl.)
    
    
11. civitas.
    city / state / community.
    (Civitas has a more plastic meaning than urbs. The latter refers only to a city properly speaking, and typically it refers to "the" City -- i.e., Rome.)
    
    
12. miserum.
    the wretched. (neuter nom. sing.; m/n acc. sing.)
    
    
13. introibo.
    I shall go into / enter.
    
    
14. judica.
    judge. (imperative)
    
    
15. acria.
    sharp / bitter / ardent [things]. (nom. or acc. pl.)
    
    
16. cordi.
    to / for the heart. (dat. sing.)
    
    
17. corporum.
    of the bodies.
    
    
18. terris.
    to / for the lands. (dat. pl.)
    in the lands. (abl. pl.)
    
    
19. visibilium.
    of visible [things].
    
    
20. majestatis.
    of majesty.
    
    
21. discipulos.
    disciples. (acc. pl.)
    
    
22. puer.
    boy / child / lad. (nom. sing.)
    servant. (nom. sing.)
    
    
23. crucis.
    of the cross.
    
    
24. omnipotentes.
    almighty. (nom. or acc. pl.)
    
    
25. spiritui.
    to the spirit. (dat. sing.)
    
    
26. incedent.
    they will go / walk / proceed.
    
    
27. videbam.
    I was seeing.
    I used to see.
    
    
28. moniti.
    [having been] advised / instructed. (perf. participle; nom. pl.)
    of one [having been] advised / instructed. (perf. participle; gen. sing.)
    
    
29. lavabimus.
    we will wash.
    
    
30. abducam.
    I will lead away. (fut. indicative)
    may I lead away. (pres. subjunctive)
    (abducere is not in the Scanlon & Scanlon glossary; however, its meaning could easily be guessed from the prefix ab + ducere. The glossary is helpful, but you should make a habit of checking your Latin dictionary instead so that you'll start learning more complete definitions, idioms, and so forth.)
    
    
31. peccatis.
    to / for sins. (dat. pl.)
    in, with (etc.) sins. (abl. pl.)
    (Take care not to confuse peccatum, -i (n., "sin"), 2nd declension, with peccator, -oris (m., "sinner"), 3rd declension. The dative and ablative plural of peccator is peccatoribus.)
    
    
32. serviens.
    serving. (pres. participle)
    
    
33. adoramus.
    we adore.
    we are worshipping.
    
    
34. creatur.
    he/she/it is created.
    
    
35. affligimini.
    you are afflicted. (pl.)
    you are being punished. (pl.)
    
    
36. este.
    be. (imperative, pl.)
    
    
37. duc.
    lead. (imperative, sing.)
    
    
38. docebant.
    they were teaching.
    they used to teach.
    
    
39. audite.
    hear / listen. (imperative, pl.)
    give heed to / obey. (imperative, pl.)
    
    
40. gratias.
    thanks. (acc. pl.)
    
    
41. ecclesiae.
    of the church. (gen. sing.)
    to / for the church. (dat. sing.)
    churches. (nom. pl.)
    
    
42. pace.
    with peace. (abl. sing.)
    
    
43. habeo.
    I have / hold / consider.
    
    
44. credis.
    you believe. (sing.)
    
    
45. stabat.
    he / she / it was standing.
    he / she / it was standing firm.
    
    
46. mihi.
    to / for me. (dat. sing.)
    
    
47. ejus.
    of him / her / it. (gen. sing.)
    
    
48. nostris.
    to / for our things [men, soldiers, etc.]. (dat. pl.)
    by, with our things. (abl. pl.)
    (Note: nostrum (or nostri) commonly refers to "our men," "our forces," etc.)
    
    
49. monebimur.
    we will be warned / instructed.
    
    
50. eam.
    may I go. (subj., 1st person sing.)
    her. (acc. sing. of ea)
    (Scanlon & Scanlon throws you a curveball here; but don't be discouraged if you only translated one or the other meaning. Context typically makes it easy to rule out the meaning that couldn't possibly apply.)
    
    

E.

• regno aeterno
  
• Deum meum
  
• spiritus sancti
  
• manibus meis
  
• ecclesias christianas
  


• oratio nova
  
• matrum bonarum
  
• gratias justas
  
• pars nostra
  
• humilitatis suae
  


• habitationem nostram
  
• familiae divinae
  
• discipulo pio
  
• flammis acribus
  
• auxilia tua
  


• libri perniciosi
  
• puerum studiosum
  
• fratris clementis
  
• virgini beatae
  
• anima tristis
  


• saeculorum omnium
  
• homines fortes
  
• domui magno
  
• juventutis bonae
  
• lucem claram
  


• ecclesiam catholicam
  
• fratribus nostris
  
• lectio difficilis
  
• hominis pauperis
  
• panis suus
  

F.

1. pax.
2. servus.
3. ascensus.
4. absolutio.
5. sanctus.
6. benedictio.
7. salus.
8. gloria.
9. elevatio.

G.

1. admittere (to join, admit)
   committere (to bring together, unite; commit)
   dimittere (to put or send away; dismiss)
   emittere (to send out, emit)
   
   
2. adducere (to bring, provoke)
   educere (to bring forth, produce; take away)
   inducere (to lead, bring into)
   
   
3. advenire (to arrive, come to, reach)
   invenire (to come upon, find, obtain; to bring about, effect)
   praevenire (to anticipate, guide; precede; direct)
   provenire (to come for; be granted)
   

H.

1. dicere.
2. ponere.
3. vertere.
4. dare.
5. esse.
6. stare.
7. cedere.
8. incendere
9. ire.
10. audire.

I.

1. Homines fortes | ad civitatem | missi sunt.
   Strong men have been sent to the city.
   Valiant men were sent to the city.
   
   
2. Pueri pauperes | in monte | dormiebant.
   The poor children were sleeping on the hill.
   
   
3. Ego sum | mater | virginis bonae.
   I am the kind maiden's mother.
   
   
4. Fratres mei | se | lavaverunt.
   My brothers washed themselves.
   
   
5. Servi mali | a nobis | non salvabuntur.
   The wicked servants will not be saved by us.
   
   

1. Domus nostra | in civitate | est.
   Our house is in the city.
   
   
2. Discipuli sui | non hic | fuerunt hodie.
   His students weren't here today.
   
   
3. Libros | bonos | non habebo.
   I will not have good books.
   
   
4. Cornua | vobis | data sunt.
   The horns were given / have been given to you.
   
   
5. Pono | eos | in manus tuas.
   I put them in[to] your hands.
   
   

1. Pater miser | in domum | introivit.
   The wretched father entered [into] his house.
   
   
2. Pax in terra | nos | laetificat.
   Peace on earth gives us joy.
   
   
3. Non | te | credunt.
   They do not believe / trust you.
   
   
4. Puerum | bonum | vocabimus et veniet.
   We will summon the good child / servant, and he will come.
   
   
5. Nos | a Deo | moniti sumus.
   We have been warned by God.
   
   

J.

• peccabo ... I will sin;
  pecco ... I sin / I do sin / I am sinning;
  peccem ... may I sin (subjunctive);
  peccabam ... I was sinning / I used to sin;
  peccavi ... I sinned / I have sinned
  
  
• doceo ... I teach / I am teaching;
  doceam ... may I teach (subjunctive);
  docebam ... I was teaching / I used to teach;
  docui ... I taught / I have taught;
  docebo ... I will teach
  
  
• Scribam ... I will write (future); or
  may I write (subjunctive);
  scribo ... I write / I am writing;
  scribebam ... I was writing / I used to write;
  scripsi ... I wrote / I have written
  
  
• dormiam ... I will sleep (future); or
  may I sleep (subjunctive);
  dormiebam ... I was sleeping / I used to sleep;
  dormio ... I sleep;
  dormivi ... I slept / I have slept
  
  
• moveatur ... may he/she/it be moved (subjunctive); or*
  may he/she/it move (active);
  movebitur ... he/she/it will be moved;
  motus est ... he was moved;
  movebatur ... he/she/it was being moved;
  movetur ... he/she/it is being moved
  * N.B. moveri can be employed separately as a deponent verb. Each of the passive meanings given above, then, could also be active depending upon the context. See the Vocabulary.
  
  
• creditur ... he/she is faithful*;
  credebatur ... he/she was being faithful;
  creditus est ... he was faithful;
  credetur ... he/she will be faithful;
  credatur ... may he/she be faithful
  * N.B. In the passive, credere means "to be faithful" -- lit., "to be trusted." See the vocabulary.
  
  
• judicabitur ... he/she/it will be judged;
  judicabatur ... he/she/it was being judged;
  judicatus est... he was judged;
  judicetur ... may he/she/it be judged;
  judicatur ... he/she/it is being judged
  
  
• serviebatur ... he/she was being served;
  servitur ... he/she is being served;
  servitus est ... he has been served;
  serviatur ... may he/she be served;
  servietur ... he/she will be served
  
  
• dabamini ... you were being given (pl.);
  damini ... you are being given (pl.);
  demini ... may you be given (pl.);
  dabimini ... you will be given (pl.);
  dati estis ... you have been given (pl.)
  
  
• habiti estis ... you have been considered (pl.);
  habebimini ... you will be considered (pl.);
  habeamini ... may you be considered (pl.);
  habemini ... you are being considered (pl.);
  habebamini ... you were being considered (pl.)
  
  
• amittimini ... you are being sent away (pl.);
  amittemini ... you will be sent away (pl.);
  amittamini ... may you be sent away (pl.);
  amissi estis ... you have been sent away (pl.);
  amittebamini ... you were being sent away (pl.)
  
  
• audiemini ... you will be heard (pl.);
  auditi estis ... you have been heard (pl.);
  audiamini ... may you be heard (pl.);
  audiebamini ... you were being heard (pl.);
  audimini ... you are being heard (pl.)
  
  
• stabis ... you will stand (sing.);
  stas ... you are standing (sing.);
  stetisti ... you have stood (sing.);
  stabas ... you were standing (sing.);
  stes ... may you stand (sing.)
  
  
• dirigis ... you are directing (sing.);
  dirigebas ... you were directing (sing.);
  direxisti ... you have directed (sing.);
  dirigas ... may you direct (sing.);
  diriges ... you will direct (sing.)
  
  
• delebas ... you were blotting out (sing.);
  deleas ... may you blot out (sing.);
  delevisti ... you have blotted out (sing.);
  delebis ... you will blot out (sing.);
  deles ... you are blotting out (sing.)
  
  
• venias ... may you come (sing.);
  veniebas ... you were coming (sing.);
  venisti ... you did come (sing.);
  venis ... you are coming (sing.);
  venies ... you will come (sing.)
  
  





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