Latin Grammar

Cora Carroll Scanlon A.M.
Charles L. Scanlon A.M.


Answer key (c) Joseph Oliveri

Kindly send any corrections to joseph.oliveri "at" thomson.com
or mjo110306 "at" gmail.com

Many thanks to Dr. Chet Creider of the University of Western Ontario
for the proofreading and suggestions.



Lesson VIII


Unit One

C.
  1. Domus muros et tecta habent.
    Houses have walls and roofs.
  2. Nox pars diei est.
    Night is part of the day
  3. Ad muros civitatis veniebamus.
    We came to the walls of the city.
    We were coming to the city walls.
  4. Dignum est nostris matribus bonis gratias agere.
    It is meet / proper to give thanks to our good mothers.
  5. In somno justorum dormiunt.
    They sleep (in) the sleep of the just.
    (Worth noting: the Latin idiom in somno / in somnis typically means "in a dream." Also, an alternate meaning of somnus is the sleep or repose of death.)
  6. In manus tuas libros daturi eramus.
    We were about to deliver the books into your hands.
  7. Homo potens est, sed Deus omnipotens est.
    Man is powerful, but God is almighty / all-powerful.
  8. Omnes discipuli lectiones bonas hodie habebant.
    All of the students possessed good lessons today.
    All of the students delivered... (Etc.)
    (Habere has a variety of similar meanings. Use context -- and your Latin dictionary -- as the best indicator of which meaning seems most appropriate.)
  9. Facies virginis bona et clemens erat.
    The maiden's / virgin's face was noble and compassionate.
  10. Sancta Fides nomen civitatis est.
    The name of the city is Holy Faith.
    (That is, obviously, Santa Fe.)
  11. Panis manducandus est.
    The bread must be eaten.
  12. Pueri domum mittendi sunt.
    The young men must be sent home.
  13. Deo gratiae agendae sunt.
    Thanks must be given to God.
  14. Vobis item scribam de ecclesia nova.
    I was also writing to you about the new church.
  15. Mater cum pueris simul salvatur.
    The mother is being saved together with (her) boys.
  16. Audi, dicturus est.
    Listen: he is about to say / speak / relate. (etc.)
  17. Virgines nobis serviturae erant.
    The maidens were about to serve us.
  18. Frater meus in domum clamans intrat.
    My brother enters the house shouting / yelling.
  19. Ab domino laudati servi beati sunt.
    Praised by (their) master, the servants are happy.
  20. Civitatem magna luce illuminatam videbant.
    They saw the city illuminated by a great light.
    They were looking at a city illuminated by a great light.
  21. Credere non possumus in fidem gentium malarum.
    We cannot believe / trust in the faith of the wicked nations / Gentiles.
  22. Aequum est pro pace intercedere.
    It is right / just to intercede for peace.
  23. Calix a flammis salvandus est.
    The cup / chalice must be saved from the flames.
  24. Eos in monte stantes videmus.
    We see them standing on the hill / mount / mountain.
  25. Eos docebit et non peccabunt.
    He will teach them, and they will not sin.
    (In Classical Latin, peccare usually means to make a mistake. Either sense of the word would work in this sentence.)
  26. Ecce homo!
    Behold, the man!
    Lo, the man!
    (Worth noting: ecce -- derived from et plus the demonstrative enclitic
    -ce -- is an interjection, not a command. The sense is "here he/she/it is," or "look here," etc. Its "object," so to speak, is always in the nominative case, never the accusative.)
  27. Omnes libros salvatos a flammis habemus.
    We have all of the books (that were) saved from the flames.
  28. In monte stans eos judicat.
    Standing on the hill, he / she is judging / examining them.
  29. Crucem magnam a patre suo datam videt puer.
    The boy is looking at the great cross (which was) given by his father.
  30. Nobis erat dicturus nomen suum.
    He was about to tell us his name.
  31. Fides patrum nostrorum fortis erat.
    The faith of our fathers was strong.
    Our fathers' faith was strong.
  32. Virgines fratres suos vocantes audiebam.
    I was hearing / heard the maidens calling their brothers.
  33. Nos monituri erant quia flammas ascendentes de tecto domus videbant.
    They were about to warn us because / that they were seeing flames rising from the roof of the house.
  34. Homo pauper et miser erat, sed auxilium non implorabat.
    He was a poor and unhappy man, but he was not asking for help.
    The man was poor and unhappy, (etc.)
  35. Auxilium ad civitatem mittendum est.
    Help must be sent to the city.

________________________


  1. Emitte lucem tuam et veritatem tuam.
    Send out / forth Thy light and Thy truth.
  2. Et introibo ad altare Dei, ad Deum qui laetificat juventutem meam.
    And I shall enter / go into the altar of God; to God, Who gives joy to my youth.
  3. Tu vivificabis nos.
    You will bring us to life.
  4. Domine, exaudi orationem meam.
    Lord, hear my prayer.
    ("Hear," in this sense, means not simply "listen to" but "hear favorably" or "grant.")
  5. Domine Deus, Rex caelestis, Deus Pater omnipotens.
    Lord God, heavenly King, God the Father almighty.
  6. Cum Sancto Spiritu in gloria Dei Patris.
    With the Holy Spirit in the glory of God the Father.
  7. Deo gratias.
    Thanks (be) to God.
    (Worth noting: using a splendid economy, Latin often drops the verb from many common phrases if it is obvious from the context. Compare the above phrase to sursum corda -- literally, "upward, hearts," where the clear meaning is "Lift up / Raise your hearts." The verb most often dropped is esse, as seen here.)
  8. In corde meo.
    In my heart.
  9. In nomine Patris et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti.
    In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
    (N.B. Traditionally, Spiritus Sanctus has often been translated as "Holy Ghost." "Ghost" is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word for "shade" or "departed spirit"; and although the usage of "Holy Ghost" has been sanctioned by time, "Holy Spirit" is a better translation, as both spiritus and the Greek word pneuma literally mean "breath/wind.")
  10. Gloria tibi, Domine.
    Glory (be) to You, O Lord.
    (See note to n. 7, above.)
  11. Laus tibi, Christe.
    Praise (be) to You, Christ.
  12. Credo in unum Deum.
    I believe in one God.
  13. Visibilia omnia, et invisibilia.
    All things visible and invisible.
    All things seen and unseen. (Usual translation.)
  14. Omnia saecula.
    All times / ages.
  15. Deus de Deo.
    God from God.
  16. Nos homines.
    Us men.
  17. Venturus est cum gloria.
    He is about to / will come with glory.
  18. Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur.
    Who with the Father and the Son is likewise worshipped and glorified.
    Who, together with the Father and the Son, is worshipped and glorified.
  19. Una, sancta, catholica, et apostolica ecclesia.
    One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church.
    (Worth noting: there is not as much capitalization in ecclesiastical Latin as there is in English. Typically, Latin does not capitalize adjectives or possessive pronouns referring to God's majesty: e.g., lucem tuam et veritatem tuam, which in English traditionally becomes "Thy light and Thy truth," etc. We also say Our Lord, Our Lady, He / His (referring to Christ), and so forth. British English more closely follows the Latin custom.)
  20. Unum baptisma.
    One baptism.
  21. Exspecto vitam venturi saeculi.
    I look for / await the life of the age (about) to come.
  22. Dominus vobiscum.
    The Lord (be) with you.
  23. Et cum spiritu tuo.
    And with thy / your spirit.
  24. Dominus noster.
    Our Lord.
  25. In spiritu humilitatis.
    In the spirit of humility.
  26. Veni, sanctificator, omnipotens, aeterne Deus.
    Come, (Thou) Sanctifier, Almighty and Eternal God.
  27. Misericordia tua.
    Your compassion. (Nom.)
    By / Through your compassion. (Abl.)
  28. Lavabo manus meas.
    I will wash my hands.
  29. Domus tuae.
    Of your house. (Gen.)
    Your houses. (Nom. pl.)
  30. Cum impiis.
    With the impious / wicked / godless.
  31. Anima mea.
    My soul.
  32. In manibus iniquitates sunt.
    In their hands are iniquities.
  33. In ecclesiis benedicam te, Domine.
    In the assemblies / churches I will bless Thee, O Lord.
  34. In honorem beatae Mariae semper Virginis.
    In honor of Blessed Mary Ever Virgin.
    (Note the case: in honorem. The sense of in here is "towards" or "approaching" -- in other words, connotating motion, not location. This sense always governs the accusative.)
  35. Pro nobis intercedere.
    To intercede for us.
  36. De manibus tuis.
    From your hands.
  37. Ad laudem et gloriam nominis sui.
    To the praise and glory of His Name.
  38. Ecclesiae suae sanctae.
    Of His Holy Church. (Gen.)
    To / For His Holy Church. (Dat.)
    His Holy Churches. (Nom. pl.)
  39. Dignum et justum est.
    It is proper / right and just.
  40. Catholicae et apostolicae fidei.
    Of the Catholic and Apostolic Faith. (Gen.)
    To / For the Catholic and Apostolic Faith. (Dat.)
    (Worth noting: the two "feminine" declensions, the 1st and the 5th, use the same endings for the genitive and dative singular. The correct translation will always be provided by the context.)
  41. Pater noster, qui es in caelis.
    Our Father, Who art in Heaven.
    (Worth noting: the traditional Anglican rendering, "which art in Heaven," comes from the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. I believe it wasn't changed to "Who" until the 1928 American BCP.)
  42. Panem nostrum da nobis hodie.
    Give us this day our bread.
    (Careful: there's no quotidianum / "daily" in this sentence modifying "bread.")
  43. Elevatio manuum mearum.
    The / An elevation of my hands.
  44. Dormiunt in somno pacis.
    They sleep in the sleep of peace.
  45. Omni benedictione caelesti et gratia.
    By / With every heavenly blessing and grace.
    (Note omni and caelesti: remember the rule about the ablative sing. of third declension adjectives. See p. 12.)
  46. Ite, missa est.
    Go, it is the dismissal.
    Go, the Mass is ended. (fig.)
    (In Ecclesiastical Latin, missa came to be an alternative form of the Classical missio -- lit., a "sending forth" or dismissal.)

Unit Two

A. 

DIES GLORIOSUS            FACIES TRISTIS

dies gloriosus            facies tristis
diei gloriosi             faciei tristis
diei glorioso             faciei tristi  
diem gloriosum            faciem tristem
die  glorioso             facie  tristi

dies   gloriosi           facies   tristes
dierum gloriosorum        facierum tristium
diebus gloriosis          faciebus tristibus
dies   gloriosos          facies   tristes
diebus gloriosis          faciebus tristibus
B.
  1. dare
    dans (giving), datus (given), daturus (about to give), dandus (must be given)
  2. dicere
    dicens (saying), dictus (said), dicturus (about to say), dicendus (must be said)
  3. servire
    serviens (serving), servitus (served), serviturus (about to serve), serviendus (must be served)
  4. habere
    habens (having / holding, etc.), habitus (held), habiturus (about to hold), habendus (must be held)
  5. sperare
    sperans (hoping / trusting), speratus (trusted), speraturus (about to trust), sperandus (must be trusted)
  6. monere
    monens (advising / warning), monitus (warned), moniturus (about to warn), monendus (must be warned)
  7. audire
    audiens (hearing), auditus (heard), auditurus (about to hear), audiendus (must be heard)
  8. adducere
    adducens (bringing), adductus (brought), adducturus (about to bring), adducendus (must be brought)
  9. exaudire
    exaudiens (grant), exauditus (granted), exauditurus (about to grant), exaudiendus (must be granted)
  10. inducere
    inducens (leading), inductus (led), inducturus (about to lead), inducendus (must be led)
  11. dormire
    dormiens (sleeping / resting), dormitus (rested), dormiturus (about to rest), dormiendus (must be given rest)
  12. lavare
    lavans (washing), lavatus* (washed), lavaturus (about to wash), lavandus (must be washed)

    * Traupman lists two alternates for this participle of lavare: lautum and lotum (which of course would be lautus and lotus in the masc. sing.). Neither of these irregular forms is likely to be encountered in ecclesiastical Latin; even so, just be aware of them.



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