Latin Grammar
Cora Carroll Scanlon A.M.
Charles L. Scanlon A.M.
Answer key (c) Joseph Oliveri
Kindly send any corrections to joseph.oliveri "at" thomson.com
or mjo110306 "at" gmail.com
Many thanks to Dr. Chet Creider of the University of Western Ontario
for the proofreading and suggestions.
Lesson VII
Unit One
B.
- Omnes homines in civitatem introibunt cum tubis et cornibus.
All of the men shall enter / go into the city with trumpets and horns.
(Worth noting again: omnes homines may be translated as "all men" or "all of the men," depending on context. The partitive genitive is used less in Latin than in English. Typically, Latin uses the part. gen. for phrases like "They have no supplies": Habent nihil commeatus, lit., "They have nothing of supplies." Even in such cases, however, you are more likely to see the same idea expressed using opus est or carere, etc.)- Non credemus in inimicum iniquum et dolosum.
We shall not believe an unjust and deceitful enemy.
We will not trust ... (etc.)- Mater bona et justa ab filiis suis semper laudabitur.
A virtuous and fair mother will always be praised by her children.- Ad ecclesiam ibit; Deum laudabit et auxilium ejus supplicabit.
He will go to (the) church; (there) he will praise God and implore His help.- Puer ad domum nostram veniet et familiam suam expectabit.
The boy will come to our house and (he will) await his family.
The young man / slave / servant will come ...- Servi mei pauperes sunt, non mali.
My servants are poor -- not wicked.- Libros non habeo; ergo lectiones meas non praeparabo.
I do not have (my / the) books; therefore, I will not prepare my lessons.- Manus pars corporis est.
The hand is (a) part of the body.- Virgo pro fratribus miseris suis intercedet.
The virgin / maiden will intercede for / on behalf of her unhappy brothers.- Invoca Dominum et tibi fortitudinem, lucem et veritatem dabit.
Call upon the Lord, and he will give you strength, light and truth.- Date servis vestris laudem et bene vobis servient.
Give your servants praise and they will serve you well.- Puer fortis est; nos salvare poterit.
The boy is strong; he will be able to save us.
The / My servant is brave; (etc.)- Clamate; nos audient.
Cry out; they will hear us.- Eum videbis quoniam cum fratre meo incedet.
You will see him because / now that he will be walking with my brother.- De cruce non descendet.
He will not come down from the cross.- Crux magna non movebitur.
The great / large cross will not be moved.- Vocabor et respondebo.
I will be called (upon), and I will respond.
I will be summoned, (etc.)- Virgines stabant cum matre sua.
The virgins were standing with their mother.- Pater et mater parentes familiae sunt.
The father and mother are the parents of the household / family.- Memoriae juventutis nostrae laetificabunt nos.
The memories of our youth will gladden us / give us joy. (etc.)- Virgines bonae erant; ergo beatae erant.
The virgins / young women were virtuous; therefore they were blessed.
(Worth noting: beatae seems to be used here as an adj.; however, beatae erant could also be translated (perhaps in another context) as the passive pluperfect, 3rd person plural of beare: "they had been blessed." See the bottom-right corner of p. 177.)- In inimicorum civitates magnas introibunt et matres suas et omnes virgines eruent.
They will enter the great cities of the (or their, understood) enemies, and they will deliver their mothers and all of the young women.- Matres servorum semper miserae et pauperes erant.
Servants' mothers / The mothers of the slaves were always unhappy and poor.- Crux in ecclesia stabit.
The cross will stand / remain in the church.- Homines mali et dolosi non in lectiones apostolorum credebant.
The wicked and deceitful men were not believing in the lessons of the apostles. (Literal)
Wicked and deceitful men did not believe in ... (This is a better, and more typical translation; but always bear in mind the "ongoing" nature of the imperfect tense when translating.)- Pueri pauperes et miseri ad nostram civitatem non venient.
The poor and unhappy young men / servants will not come to our city.- Laudes servorum pauperum Deum laetificabunt.
The praises of (His) poor servants will gladden God.
(That's an awkward sentence. I'm generally not a fan of "dynamic translation," but a sentence like this one would be better rendered in English as "God delights in the praises of his poor servants," or something along those lines. I'd allow it.)- In principio auxilia ad gentes non ducentur.
In the beginning, helps / aids will not be conducted to the nations.
(Worth noting: in classical Latin, auxilia usually refers to auxiliary troops.)- Non credimus in libros malos.
We do not believe / trust evil books.- Pars crucis in ecclesia stat.
A part of the cross stands / remains in the church.- Filii boni et fortes erunt; igitur mater eorum beata erit.
The (or Her) children will be noble and strong; therefore their mother will be happy / blessed.- Quare miseri estis, servi mei?
Why are you unhappy, my servants?- Pauperes non semper mali sunt; mali non semper pauperes sunt.
The poor are not always wicked; the wicked are not always poor.- Fratres nostri, quare estis miseri?
Our brethren, why are you miserable?- Mater bona in ecclesia erit cum omnibus filiis suis.
The virtuous mother will be in church with all (of) her children.
________________________
- Mater mea.
My mother. (nom.)
By my mother. (Abl.)- Lavabis me.
You will (or Thou shalt) wash me.
(Please note that I give the Shakespearean rendering for many of these phrases as that is how they are typically found in liturgical texts.)- Omnes iniquitates meas.
All (of) my iniquities. (acc.)
(Worth noting: we know the phrase given here is accusative only, and not nominative as well, because of the meas. Nom. would be Omnes iniquitates meae.)- Spiritus sanctus tuus.
Thy Holy Spirit. (Nom.)- Libera me.
Deliver me.- Oratione mea.
By means of / through my prayer. (etc.; abl.)- In manus inimici.
Into the hands of my / mine enemy.- A sanctis angelis.
By / From the holy angels. (abl.)- Vobis dicimus.
We are telling / speaking to you.- Descendet de caelo.
He will descend from heaven.- Semper cum Domino erimus.
We will be with the Lord forever.
We will always be with the Lord.- In memoria aeterna erit justus.
He will be justified / just in eternal remembrance.- Lucis aeternae.
Of eternal light.- Salva me.
Save me.- Sum causa tuae viae.
I am the reason for / cause of your journey.- Flammis acribus.
By / With fierce flames. (abl.)- Voca me.
Call upon / Summon me.- Frater meus.
My brother.- Dabit tibi Deus.
God shall give (to) you.- Frater tuus.
Your brother.- Dicit ei Martha.
Martha saith to him.- In resurrectione.
In the resurrection.- Ego sum resurrectio et vita.
I am the resurrection and the life.- Omnis qui credit in me.
All who believeth in me.- Tu es Christus Filius Dei.
Thou art (the) Christ, the Son of God.- Libera eas.
Release them.- In lucem sanctam.
Into / Unto holy light.- Pro animabus.
For (the) souls.- Cum sanctis tuis.
With Thy saints.- Cum servo tuo.
With Thy servant.- Judicare saeculum.
To judge the age.- Anima ejus.
His soul.
Unit Two
A.* I've read that there are only nine 4th declension neuters. The only thing to note about these nouns is the ablative ending, which is exactly the same as the nom./acc. So it really is cornu, not cornuu.CORNU* MAGNUM MANUS FORTIS DOMUS*** MISERA cornu magnum manus fortis domus misera cornus magni manus fortis domus miserae cornui magno manui forti domui miserae cornu magnum manum fortem domum miseram cornu magno manu forti** domu misera cornua magna manus fortes domus miserae cornuum magnorum manuum fortium domuum miserarum cornibus magnis manibus fortibus domibus miseris cornua magna manus fortes domus miseras cornibus magnis manibus fortibus domibus miseris
** Remember the rule about 3rd decl. adjectives: nearly all end in "-i" in the abl. sing. (see p. 12). It's an easy rule to forget.
*** Domus is one of those irregular declensions. Sometimes you'll find it declined like 3rd decl. nouns; usually however it is declined like a 4th decl. noun.
B.SPIRITUS SANCTUS LAUS TUA ECCLESIA CATHOLICA spiritus sanctus laus tua ecclesia catholica spiritus sancti laudis tuae ecclesiae catholicae spiritui sancto laudi tuae ecclesiae catholicae spiritum sanctum laudem tuam ecclesiam catholicam spiritu sancto laude tua ecclesia catholica
PUER INNOCENS MATER PAUPER
NOM. puer innocens mater pauper
GEN. pueri innocentis matris pauperis
DAT. PL. pueris innocentibus matribus pauperibus
CIVITAS NOBILIS FRATER MISERICORS
NOM. civitas nobilis frater misericors
GEN. civitatis nobilis fratris misericordis
DAT. PL. civitatibus nobilibus fratribus misericordibus
LIBER MALUS
NOM. liber malus
GEN. libri mali
DAT. PL. libris malis