Latin Grammar

Cora Carroll Scanlon A.M.
Charles L. Scanlon A.M.


Answer key (c) Joseph Oliveri

Kindly send any corrections to joseph.oliveri "at" thomson.com
or mjo110306 "at" gmail.com

Many thanks to Dr. Chet Creider of the University of Western Ontario
for the proofreading and suggestions.



Lesson IX


Unit One

C.
  1. Inimicus repellendus erat.
    The enemy had to be repelled.
  2. Discipuli nostri ab pueris clamantibus conturbati sunt.
    Our students / disciples were disturbed by the young men shouting.
  3. Verba sua nobis ostenderunt fidem suam in causam suam.
    His (or Her) words showed his faith in his cause.
    Their words showed their faith in their cause.
  4. Virgo ad dexteram matris sola stabat.
    The maiden was standing alone at (her) mother's right hand.
    (Worth noting: the neuter solum is often used adverbially. Virgo ad dexteram matris solum stabat, "The maiden was merely / only standing at her mother's right hand.")
  5. Cogitatio verbum praecedit.
    Thought precedes word.
  6. Fortis fuit, quoniam spem et fidem in corde habuit.
    He (or She) was strong, because he had hope and faith in his heart.
  7. Hodie in ecclesia non fuerunt; absunt.
    They were not in (the) church today; they are absent.
    They haven't been in church today; they are absent.
    (Remember that there are no "progressive" verb forms in Latin; so, for example, voco could be translated as "I call," or "I do call," or "I am calling," depending upon whichever works best in context. Likewise, fuerunt could mean "they were" or "they have been.")
  8. Hic sedimus adjutorium vestrum sperantes.
    Here we sat expecting / anticipating your help.
  9. Virgo domum mundabat, dum mater ejus dormiebat.
    The maiden was cleaning the house while her mother was sleeping.
  10. Voluntas in mente est.
    The will is in the mind.
  11. Vultus hominis conturbatus est, quoniam spiritus ejus miser est.
    The man's face was troubled, because his spirit is wretched / miserable.
  12. Non dicimus dum manducamus.
    We do not speak while we are eating.
    We do not talk while we eat.
  13. Pater filio suo agnum dabit.
    The father will give his son a lamb.
    The father will give a lamb to his son.
  14. Verba sua laetificaverunt omnes qui audiverunt.
    His / Her / Their words gladdened all (those) who heard.
  15. Arrogantiam inimicorum nostrorum observavimus.
    We observed the arrogance of our enemies.
  16. Dicitur: voluntas plebis voluntas Dei est.
    It is said: the will of the people is the will of God.
  17. Eum monuisti, sed non audivit.
    You warned him, but he did not hear.
  18. Quare eos ad montem adduxerunt?
    Why did they lead them to the mountain / hill?
  19. Domus nostrae ab manibus hominum malorum liberatae sunt.
    Our homes have been freed from the hands of (the) wicked men.
  20. Omnes servi vocati sunt, sed non responderunt.
    All (of) the servants were summoned / called, but they did not respond.
    All (of) the servants have been summoned, but they have not responded.
  21. Frater meus non dormivit hodie.
    My brother hasn't slept today.
    My brother didn't sleep today.
  22. Mater tua indulgentiam ostendit tibi.
    Your mother showed you forgiveness.
    Your mother has shown you forgiveness.
  23. Eos nimis laudavimus, et nobis bene serviverunt.
    We praised them exceedingly, and they served us well.
  24. Agnum in altari immolaverunt.
    They sacrificed the lamb on the altar.
    (Worth noting: altare is one of those rare 3rd declension nouns that ends in -i in the ablative singular -- i.e., like a 3rd decl. adjective. See p. 12.)
  25. Opera plebis innocentis Deum laetificant.
    The works of (the) innocent people gladden God.
  26. Frater tuus non hic fuit.
    Your brother wasn't here.
    Your brother hasn't been here.
  27. Ea ad matris domum fuit.
    She was at (her) mother's house.
  28. Auxilium nostrum imploraverunt.
    They implored our help.
    They have impored our help.
    They did implore our help.
  29. Mater ejus introivit dum hic eramus.
    His (or Her) mother entered while we were here.
  30. Verba indulgentiae speravit.
    He (or She) hoped for / anticipated words of forgiveness.
  31. Opera sua in terra magna fuerunt.
    His (or Her, or Their) works were great in the land. (where magna modifies opera)
    His works in the land / on earth were great. (As above: magna modifies opera.)
    His works were in the great land. (where magna modifies terra)
  32. Voluntas Dei voluntas sanctorum est.
    The will of God is the will of the saints.
  33. Cogitationes nostrae se ostendunt in vultu.
    Our thoughts reveal themselves on [our] face / countenance.
  34. Hic sederunt dum domum mundabamus.
    Here they sat while we were cleaning the house.
  35. Inimicos suos repulerunt et nunc non conturbantur.
    They repelled their enemies, and now they are not being disturbed.


D.
  1. Quare me repulisti, et quare tristis incedo, dum affligit me inimicus?
    Why have you repelled / rejected me, and why do I walk (as) a sorrowful man, while the enemy afflicts me?
    (For repellere, Traupman lists the 1st person sing. of the perfect as reppuli. This was the Classical form.)
  2. Me deduxerunt et adduxerunt in montem sanctum tuum.
    They have accompanied me and brought me to Your holy mountain.
    They have led me forth and brought me to Your holy mountain.
  3. Quare conturbas me?
    Why do you trouble me?
  4. Salutare vultus mei.
    The salvation of my countenance.
  5. Adjutorium nostrum in nomine Domini.
    Our help is in the Name of the Lord.
  6. Quia peccavi nimis cogitatione, verbo, et opere.
    For / That I have sinned exceedingly in thought, word, and deed.
    (Cogitatione, verbo, and opere are ablative of means or instrument -- i.e., "by means of," "through," "in," etc.)
  7. Mea culpa, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa.
    My fault, my fault, my most grievous fault. (nom.)
    By / Through my fault, my fault, my most grievous fault. (abl.; traditional, from the Confiteor)
    Mine is the fault; mine is the fault; mine is the most grievous fault. (Theoretical; where esse is understood.)
    (Maximus / maxima / maximum is the superlative of magnus / a / um. As with magnus, context will usually suggest the most appropriate translation. While "greatest fault" is perfectly fine here, "most grievous fault" is clearly a more expressive choice.)
  8. Indulgentiam, absolutionem, et remissionem peccatorum nostrorum.
    Forgiveness, absolution, and remission of our sins.
    (Be careful when translating peccatorum: it could be the gen. pl. of the 2nd declension word peccatum (i.e., "of sins") or the gen. pl. of the 3rd declension word peccator ("of sinners"). I've only provided the standard translation here, the one that is used in the Mass, as "of our sinners" would not make any sense in the context of this particular sentence.)
  9. Deus, tu conversus vivificabis nos.
    Having turned, O God, You will bring us to life.
    (Note the vocative form: Deus, not Dee. The vocative of meus is typically mi, but when used with Deus it is always meus. Unlike the locative case, the vocative case is not something that should present too much trouble. Just always remember: the vocative of Deus meus is exactly the same as the nominative. This is irregular for 2nd declension masculine nouns -- e.g., the vocative of Dominus is Domine; the voc. of populus is popule; etc.)
  10. Ostende nobis, Domine, misericordiam tuam.
    Show us, O Lord, Your mercy.
  11. Et salutare tuum da nobis.
    And give / grant us Your salvation.
  12. Omnia peccata mea.
    All (of) my sins. (nom. or acc.)
  13. Gloria in excelsis Deo.
    Glory (be) to God in the high / lofty places. (lit.)
    Glory to God in the highest. (trad. rendering)
  14. Et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis.
    And on earth peace to men of good will. (traditional)
    And on earth peace to people of good will.
    (The Latin word homo is traditionally rendered as "man," although technically the word simply means a human being, person, mortal, etc., of either sex. For reasons of poetry, if nothing else, it seems reasonable that "man" ought to be retained where "person" or "human being" or other gender-inclusive translation has a dull or forced effect.)

  15. Benedicimus te.
    We bless You.
  16. Gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam.
    We give You thanks for / because of Your great glory.
  17. Qui tollis peccata mundi.
    (You) Who take away the sins of the world.
  18. Deprecationem nostram.
    Our prayer. (acc.)
  19. Qui sedes ad dexteram Patris.
    (You) Who sit at the right hand of the Father.
  20. Quoniam tu solus sanctus.
    For You alone (are) holy.
    (This is another familiar example of esse being understood.)

  21. Tu solus Dominus.
    You alone (are) Lord.
  22. Munda cor meum.
    Cleanse my heart.
  23. Ante omnia saecula.
    Before all ages.
  24. Qui propter nos homines.
    Who, for us men
  25. Sub Pontio Pilato.
    Under Pontius Pilate.
  26. Secundum Scripturas.
    According to the Scriptures.
  27. Sedet ad dexteram Patris.
    He sits at the right hand of the Father.
  28. Non erit.
    There will not be.
    He / She / It will not be.
    (When esse appears at the beginning of a sentence, the sense is usually the impersonal "There is," "There were," "There will be," etc. You will recognize this from the context, especially if there is no he / she / it antecedent that would be "understood." Example: Est inimicus in medio nostro, "There is an enemy in our midst.")
  29. Per prophetas.
    Through the prophets.
  30. In remissionem peccatorum.
    Unto / In remission of sins.
    For remission of sins. (figurative or implied meaning)
    (Regarding peccatorum, see note to no. 8, above.)
  31. Pro innumerabilibus peccatis, et offensionibus, et neglegentiis meis et pro omnibus circumstantibus, sed et pro omnibus fidelibus christianis.
    For my countless sins, offenses, and negligences, and for all those present, but also for all the Christian faithful.
    (Circum + stare has the intransitive meaning, "to stand around" -- i.e., not idly, necessarily, but to be present. Here, the present participle is used substantively: circumstantes, "those present." The word also has a transitive meaning, "to surround or envelop," but you will not encounter this use very often in a liturgical setting outside of Old Testament readings. Cf. Gen. 37:7, Ecclesiasticus 46:19.)
  32. Tecum.
    With you.
  33. In unitate Spiritus sancti.
    In the unity of the Holy Spirit.
  34. Benedic hos sacrificium tuo sancto nomini praeparatum.
    Bless this sacrifice prepared for Your holy Name.
  35. Per intercessionem beati Michaelis Archangeli, stantis a dextris altaris.
    Through the intercession of Blessed Michael the Archangel, standing at the right hand of the altar.
    (Both ad dexteram, "at the right hand," and a dextris, lit. "from the right," are idiomatic and carry the same meaning.)

Unit Two

B.
a) disposui, dispositus; imposui, impositus

b) admisi, admissus; commisi, commissus; emisi, emissus; permisi, permissus; dimisi, dimissus; promisi, promissus

c) addixi, addictus; benedixi, benedictus

d) deduxi, deductus; eduxi, eductus; induxi, inductus; perduxi, perductus; adduxi, adductus

e) concessi, concessus; intercessi, intercessus; praecessi, praecessus; processi, processus; recessi, recessus; secessi, secessus

f) adveni, adventus; inveni, inventus; perveni, perventus; praeveni, praeventus; proveni, proventus; subveni, subventus

g) reverti, reversus; averti, aversus; ascendi, ascensus; circumdedi, circumdatus

h) resurrexi, resurrectus; consurrexi, consurrectus
C.
  1. inter eos.
  2. coram Deo.
  3. secundum Scripturas.
  4. cum agno.
  5. trans muros.
  6. pro vobis.
  7. ad dextram / dexteram.
  8. in ecclesiis ("in the churches"); in ecclesias ("into / toward / in relation to the churches," etc.).
  9. ab puero.
  10. ex civitate.
  11. contra inimicum.
  12. sine spe.
  13. cum laude.
  14. per intercessionem.
  15. de caelis.
  16. pro pace.
  17. post eum.
  18. cum me -- i.e., mecum.
  19. de Deo.
  20. e domu / domo.
  21. intra muros.
  22. a flammis.
  23. propter veritatem.
  24. circum montem.
  25. ante omnia saecula.
  26. prae miseria.
  27. ob opera.
  28. sine eis.
  29. inter nos.
  30. contra te.
    31.



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