a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q R s t u v w x y z
Anion Gap
Acidosis:
"Mudpiles"
M - Methanol
U - Uremia
D -
DKA/AKA
P - Paraldehyde/phenformin
I - Iron/INH
L - Lactic
acidosis
E - Ethylene glycol
S - Salicylates
Normal Gap Acidosis:
HARDUP
H - Hyperalimentation/hyperventilation
A -
Acetazolamide
R - RTA
D - Diarrhea
U - Ureteral diversion
P -
Pancreatic fistula/parenteral saline
Angioplasty trials
NEJM is primary angioplasty better than thrombolysis ?
angioplasty user dependant
takes time
increased risk of dissection
fewer haemorrhagic complications
earlier revascularization
has a 30% risk of restenosis
risk decreased by stenting
risk also decreased by antiplatelets (ie 2b/3a antagonist)
RITA 1 (randomized intervention treatment of angina)
compared PTCA with CABG
both were equally effective
RITA 2 medical vs surgical treatment (1018 patients)
early PTCA benefits patients with angina
but hasa a alightly increased mortality
Complications of Ankylosis Spondylitis
Anterior uveitis
Atlanto axial subluxation
Aortic root dilatation
Aortic regurgitation
AV conduction defects
Amyloidosis
Apical fibrosis
Achilles tendinitis
side effects of amiodarone
photosensitivity
skin rash
hpo/hyperthyroidism
corneal deposits
neuropathy
testicular dysfunction
nausea
interacts with warfarin
ACE trials
CONCENSUS enalapril in class 4 CCF
31% reduction in mortality at one year
improves symptoms as well
SOLVD enalapril in asymptomamatic heart failure
in patients with EF <35%
reduced rate of progression of symptoms
no effect on overall mortality
SAVE captopril 3-16/7 post mi
19% reduction in mortality
decreases progression to severe CCF
AIRE ramipril post mI
26% reduction in mortality
ELITE evaluation of losartan in the elderly
in patients with CCF
losartan had a lower mortality than captopril
Eponymous signs in Aortic Regurgitation
Quincke's- Nail bed fluctuations
Corrigans_ Collapsing pulse of carotid
De Musset's- Head nodding
Durozier's- Femoral bruits
Austin Flint- Mitral flow murmur
Argyll Robertson pupils-in syphillis
Cause of a Positive ANA
Collagen vascular disease
Chronic liver disease
Hashimotos, Myasthenia gravis
Pernicious anaemia
TB, leprosy
Ulcerative Colitis
Diffiuse pulmonary fibrosis
Neurological Manifestations of Alcoholism
1.Withdrawal
2.Wernicke/Korsakoff
3.Peripheral neuropathy
4.Cerebellar degeneration
5. Central pontine Myelinosis
6.Retrobulbar neuropathy
7 Psychosis
Hypervitaminosis A |
"Increased Vitamin
A makes you HARD": Headache/ Hepatomegaly Anorexia/ Alopecia Really painful bones Dry skin/ Drowsiness |
AIDS Trials
CONCORDE AZT not useful in early AIDS
Benefits show after CD4 counts begin to fall
ACTG AZT reduces the risk of vertical transmission
DELTA Combination therapy is better than monotherapy
AUDIT
systematic and critical evaluation ofquality of patient care
followed 1989 white paper
audit cycle set standards
observe ones own standards
evaluate differences
change practice
set new standards