Generation Terms
Issei: first generation
Nisei: Issei's children - American born
Sansei: third generation
Yonsei: fourth generation
Kibei: Nisei sent back to Japan
[+]Enacted in 1913 by California
[+]prohibited anyone who was ineligible for citizenship from owning land & limited leases to 3yrs
[+]drove Issei into cities
-----------ran hotels
-----------grocery stores
-----------other medium-sized businesses
[+]government and union restrictions prevented large numbers from obtaining available jobs
+ Japan attack US - December 7, 1941 = World War II = painful tragedy
+What about the Japanese Americans??
+Would they fight on behalf of Japan??
+must "do something" - public pressure
//:Feb. 13, 1942 - Pres. Franklin Roosevelt
//:removal of any people considered threats to national security
//:these people were called - Evacuees
//:sent to evacuation camps
//:destroyed economically
>>Ten camps in 7 States
>>Comparison to those in Nazi Germany???
>>able to work at wage labor - max=19$month
>>Forced community Life - Unchangeable
>>Strong becomes Weak
>>The Loyalty Test
>>Mitsuye Endo vs. United States
:::policy cost the US taxpayers a quarter of a billion dollars in construction, transportation, and military expenses.
:::Japanese Americans lost several bilion dollars
::Racism?????
:::1981 - The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
:::1983 - the final commission
:::1988 - President Ronald Reagan - The Civil Liberties Act
:::1990 - First Checks
=Occupation & academic standards = successful
=Some Popular Professions - architect, engineer, cook, film producer
=Population Today
....Mostly Hawaii, California, Washington, New York, & Illinois
....1,148,932 of Total Japanese Population - 2000 Census
....7.8% of America's Population
_|Change is difficult to accept especially for Issei
_|Divorce rate, Crime, Delinquency, mental illness = low rates
_|demands politeness, in group unity, duty to community, respect for authority
_|Traditional Family, Modern Family, The Salaryman Family, The New Family, The Family in Transition
_|Religious beliefs Japan - Buddhist or Shinto
----- But once in the United States - Christianity