Middle Ziotaki Phonology

Consonants
Unvoiced
Voiced
Lab/BiLab Dent Alv PostAlv Pal Velar Glot
Stop
p b
t d
k g
Nasal
m
n
ng
Trill
r
Fricative
f v
th dh
s z
sh zh
x gh
h
Affricate
ch j
Approximant
y
w
Lat. Approx.
l
  • a - is pronounced as [a], occasionally reduced to [ə] in final syllables (vulgar).
  • e - is pronounced as [ε].
  • i - is pronounced as [i].
  • o - is pronounced as [o].
  • u - is pronounced as [ɯ].
  • ə - is pronounced somewhere between [ɐ] and [ə]*.
  • ai - is pronounced as [aɪ].
  • ei - is pronounced between [eɪ], [e:], and [e].
  • au - is pronounced as [ɑʊ].

Valid Syllables
  • A vowel alone
  • consonant + vowel
  • consonant + y + vowel

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*In older documents, ə is written as @ or oo.