New Testament 2
Lecture 12
Matthew 5 
(Sermon on the Mount 1)
The Setting (Mt 5:1-2)
•	Jesus was somewhere near the Sea of Galilee. The traditional site is just outside of__________________________.
The King has Begun
•	His ministry and multitudes are following Him.  The King sees these multitudes and He goes up the __________________________.. He sits in a manner of rabbinical teachers. He begins to instruct them concerning the kingdom of God.
The Subjects of the Kingdom (5:3-5:16)
•	Jesus begins to describe the character of His subjects who will live and abide in His kingdom.  This first portion is known as the __________________________. (5:3-12).  These statements help us understand that the Kingdom is not just a future one, but one that will find a place in this world as well.  
Wilson, a secular writes notes:
•	In the language of the Sermon on the Mount, there is what seems a strange vacillation between promising, on the one hand, to “the poor in spirit” “the kingdom of __________________________.” and, on the other hand, to “meek” that “they shall inherit the __________________________..”
5: 3-5:10
•	The character of those who possess the kingdom are described in eight phrases or perspectives, each marked by a pronouncement of blessing.  The meaning of makarios, used here, needs to be differentiated from eulogetos, since both are translated in English by the noun “__________________________.”.
Markarios
•	Is an adjective and refers to a happy condition. In the LXX it operates as an interjection: “Oh the __________________________.of ..”  The conjunction “for” (oti) in Greek introduces the cause or reason for calling the person who possesses the spiritual state “blessed”.  It could be translated “__________________________.”.
Those who inherit the kingdom
•	Are __________________________.NOW because al these things shall be theirs.  All of the verbs are future in verses 3 through 10 except two: These are part of the “to be” verb and should not be pressed.  In the original aramaic, the verb would not be present.
The beatitudes
•	Each pronounce on the one with the certain spiritual quality an assurance that entrance into the __________________________.is based on one’s spiritual condition.   
The Basis for Each Blessing
•	Is the fact that some phase of the Jewish kingdom prophesied in the OT has been filled.  Verses 3 and 10 the blessing is because the __________________________.of __________________________.is their inheritance. This is a reference to the earthly reign of the  Messiah. 
Verse 4 
•	Has a blessing that is a fulfillment of the coming __________________________., which was a name for the Messiah who was to reign (Luke 2:25; Isa 40:1; 66:13).  Verse 5 has the blessing of inheriting the earth which was a reference to the millennial kingdom (Ps 2:8-9; 37:11). 
Verse 6
•	Mentions being filled with righteousness and looks back to kingdom prophecies of Isa 45:8, 61:10-11; 62:1-2; Jer 23:6; 33:14-16; and Dan 9:24.  Verse 7 has the reference to __________________________.and is based on millennial prophecies as Isa 49:10, 13; 54:8, 10; 60:10; and Zech 10:6.
Matthew 5:8
•	Is one of the great blessings mentioned, that of seeing God, looks back to Psa 24:3-4; Isa 33:17; 35:2 and 40:5.  Finally verse 9 refers to being called sons of God and looks to the __________________________.blessing spoke in Hosea 1:10.  
Verses 8-9 
•	form the climax of the beatitudes.  Verse 8 sets the tone for the entire __________________________..  The pure in heart shall see God. At the same time Matthew 5:8-10 is climactic in the blessings it presents. Seeing God, being manifested as sons of God, and possessing the kingdom are accounted as being among the highest possible __________________________..
5:11-12
•	Jesus does not forget to say that along with the blessings comes persecution.  A three fold revelation of the greatness of the person of Jesus is given: 1) __________________________.comes because of Christ. 2) __________________________.for unjust persecution will bring reward in heaven. 3) the __________________________.is made between the prophets who spoke for God and the disciples who suffer and represent Jesus. Thus Jesus identifies Himself with God.
5:13-16: their Calling and Position
•	The calling of the subjects of the kingdom as it relates to their position in the world is given in this passage.  Jesus looks at his disciples and says: “You are the __________________________.of the earth and you are the light of the world.” Luke 14:34-35 gives some insight to the fact that salt was used to make soil more productive and thus the disciples were to bring forth fruit to God. If they failed here, they were useless for God’s purposes.
Their Method
•	Was to be lights as they produced good works (v. 16). They were to produce good works in such a way that men would glorify the heavenly Father.  “__________________________.  __________________________.” in v 16 set the tone for the rest of the sermon. These good works which are to be performed out of a pure heart as the hallmark of the disciples lives are set forth in Matthew 5:17-7:12.
The Principle of Righteousness and the Law (5:17-5:48).
•	The King passes from the subject of the testimony of the disciples by good works to the principle of righteousness as declared by the __________________________..
5:17-20: The Confirmation of the Law
•	As a bridge between the two topics of works and righteousness from the law, Jesus declares His relationship to the Law.  5:17 is needed as a result of the ministry Jesus had already carried on.  “Do not think I came to abolish the __________________________.or the __________________________.”.
Verse 17’s statement
•	May have been a defense of what some, like the Pharisees had said, about Him.  He did disregard their oral law.  He obeyed the Law and spoke with His own authority. Even as He defends this relationship to the law He makes a striking implication as to His person by using the verb “__________________________.” (elthon) twice in v. 17.  The “Coming One” (o erchomenos) is a Messianic term. 
The Verb “To Fulfill” (pleroo)
•	Has the same meaning here as it did in 2:15 where it means to establish completely.  Rather than destroying the __________________________.or the Prophets, Jesus fulfills or establishes them.  This He did by perfectly conforming His life to its high standards and by rescuing the true meaning of scripture from the niceties of rabbinic tradition.
5:18-19
•	The Jews had graded the commandments into groups that they thought were important (MT 22:36). The Lord tells His disciples to be careful to observe every precept of the law, even the least one, and to teach men to do so. “To annul” (luo) was often used by __________________________.and __________________________.to refer to that which according to their interpretation of the law was permitted. 
5:20
•	The disciples were not to do and say what the Pharisees did. Verse 20 gives the reason for this warning. The type of outward righteousness they practiced would not avail to enter the kingdom. This is the first time the Lord uses the clause, “I say to you”. By it He shows the authority of the King to determine who will __________________________.the __________________________..
The Law Regarding Murder (5:21-26)
•	The true interpretation of the 6th commandment is exemplified by a discussion.  The law said, “No __________________________.”; Jesus interprets it to mean “No __________________________.” associating the commandment of Exodus 20 with Leviticus 19:17.  God desires inner conformity to the law as well as external obedience.  The difficulties of verse 22 are not insuperable:
The Rabbi’s
•	Say that __________________________.is liable to judgment, but I say that __________________________.,its equivalent, is liable to (divine) judgment. And (the Rabbis say that) abusive __________________________.such as raka is punishable by the local court, but I say that abusive language such as more, its eqivalent, is punishable by the fire of Gehenna.  
The Law Regarding Adultery (5:27-30)
•	The commandment regarding __________________________.is used as a second illustration of true righteousness as it is outlined in the Law. The Law said, “You shall not commit adultery”. The Lord’s interpretation is, “Every one who looks on a woman to lust for her had committed adultery with her already in his heart.” 
There follows an admonition
•	 regarding __________________________.. It is not to be taken literally because the tearing out of an eyeball or cutting off the hand or foot.  These will not end the issue of lusting.  The warning is to make no provision for temptation; every occasion which may lead to sin is to be cut off.
The Law Regarding Divorce (5:31-32)
•	The third illustration of righteousness which is to characterize the disciples of Jesus concerns __________________________..  A considerable controversy was being waged in the Lord’s day concerning the practice of divorce.  Some were very strict and others were exceedingly lax in their interpretation of the divorce law of Deut 24:1. There were two main Jewish schools of thought concerning the basis of divorce.
The Schools of Divorce
•	Shammai and his disciples took it to mean some grace offense like adultery. Hillel and his disciples held that a man could divorce his wife for no more serious misdemeanor than “letting his food burn.” Jesus shows that the only cause for divorce is fornication, which is the breaking of the marriage bond in a physical way, and remarriage on the part of the guilty is morally wrong.
The Law Regarding Oaths (5:33-37)
•	Jesus takes up the subject of oaths next as He continues to discuss righteousness inherently present in the law and prophets. The adverb “__________________________.” marks a division in the subjects, this being the fourth of six which he discusses relative to genuine righteousness.  The Jewish concept of oaths was based on false interpretation of Lev 19:12.  They thought that any oath without the name of God was non-binding.  They were at times used as means of deceit.
The King
•	Places His finger on the inconsistency of their reasoning by associating all of their oaths with the person and purpose of God.  His disciples are to be characterized by simple, unadorned truth at all times.  For them there was to be no external guarantee to truthfulness. The reason: the abundant use of oaths is necessary because of the evil one, and they were not to be identified with him or his work.  The __________________________.were to be __________________________..
The Law Regarding Retaliation (5:38-42)
•	The fifth interpretation of righteousness is found in connection with the OT concept of “__________________________.for __________________________.” of Ex 21:22-25; Lev 24:20; Deut 19:18-21.  It cannot be doubted that the law made complete provision for absolute vengeance by its law of retaliation (lex talionis). 
The Provision was Changed:
•	The retaliation generally was  not to be performed without the authority of a legal court (Ex 21:22; Num 35:9-34).  Second, while the __________________________.of the law made provision for absolute retaliation, the __________________________.of the law and the OT show a more excellent way. 
The Spirit of the Law
•	That the Lord presents is not a __________________________.meaning, but a __________________________.meaning. There is evidence that the Jews had already seen this meaning in relationship to the law’s provision for retaliation. Jesus said that no retaliation was to be made. Rather, the injured party is to be gracious and beneficent to the one who has done wrong. Four illustrations are given of this principle:
The Law Regarding Love (5:43-48)
•	The command in Lev 19:18 is quoted by the Lord. The phrase “__________________________.your __________________________.” is nowhere found in the Hebrew scriptures. The clause is only an inference and an invention of the rabbi’s spoken at the exposition of the law in their synagogues. By their interpretation the scribes and Pharisees had robbed the OT concept of love and all of its meaning. Ex 23:4-5 indicates that kindness is to be extended toward one’s enemies. This, the true interpretation, is the one Jesus gives.
5:45
•	The Lord continues with an admonition to His disciples to mold their lives after this meaning to love.  He concludes, “Therefore __________________________.are to be __________________________., as your __________________________.  __________________________.is perfect.” No doubt this is an allusion to Lev 19:2 and Deut 18:13. While it is true that the adjective “perfect” (teleios) can mean maturity, it is certain that here it has the idea of complete goodness. 
The concept of completeness
•	 is inherent in the Hebrew word which is used in these two OT passages. The aim of the disciples lives is the __________________________.of their lives after the person of __________________________.  ________________________________
The King Has Pronounced
•	Those who were to inherent the Kingdom of God blessed because of their spiritual character. He has also established His relationship ot the ________________________and the prophets, (1) by refuting the righteousness practical and advocated by the scribes and Pharisees, and (2) by showing the _______________________________morality which was taught by their Scriptures.