"Skeletal remains of people whose average height was under five feet were found in Poland: they were thought to indicate that a pygmy race lived in the Breslau/Sobotka region around the first century B.C. In Switzerland, remains of people less than five feet tall were also found, and in Eguisheim in Alsace the height of the people whose remains were found ranged... to just under five feet. So it seems likely that pygmy races have lived in Europe, and (some) not so very long ago."
Folkloric images of the little people present them as small and thin; agile and light on their feet; with wide, thin lipped mouths; with long, sensitive hands and feet; with no body hair; with large ears. The little people are always presented as monotheistic worshippers of a beautiful Goddess, loquacious, childlike in behaviour, and living in harmony with nature. The facial characteristics in the folkloric images are of two varieties: (1) very tiny with high cheekbones, Oriental eyes and upturned noses, and (2) of larger size with long triangular faces, aquiline noses and jutting chins. The Fae may have been a combination of the two types. The first type is credited with pharmaceutical knowledge, the second with astronomy and engineering. A separate group is presented as stocky and bearded, suggesting that some little people integrated with Volsungrs. Descendants adopted the striped stockings and 'witch hats' of magian immigrants during the first millennium B.C.
Belief in the little people as a human racial group persists in Ireland, where the witch hunts did not take place. The Irish regularly refer to stone circles as Faery rings, and many Irish people to this day claim to have 'Sidhe' ancestry. The 'Lebor Gabala' was originally written by one of the Tuatha de Danaan (it's in the text), and according to Irish legend, the 3200 B.C. megalithic complex of Newgrange was built for a Danaan king. The Danaan were commonly referred to as the Faery folk of Ireland. Irish legend claims that they fought, negotiated and integrated with the Celts, and the 'Lebor Gabala' traces their descent from Japheth, son of Noah. We need to get used to the fact that real people bore this name, even if they were not diminutive in size.
Certain pre-Columbian inscriptions found in North America are clearly Ogam script, and others bear a great resemblance to Ogam. Since Ogam has been dubbed 'the witches' alphabet', and since witches are associated with a certain physical type wearing 'Mother Goose' peasant costume, it is negligent to disregard the timing of the sudden escalation of witch hunts in Europe, coinciding with Germanic settlement in North America. I contend that the escalation was provoked by the discovery of this physical type in North America, and by fear that it would outnumber the Germanics. It must be remembered, however, that other people besides this physical type also used Ogam.
New England has many megalithic structures which closely resemble the stone circles and tombs of Europe. At one of these sites, Mystery Hill in New Hampshire, charcoal remains from fire pits have been radiocarbon dated at 2000 B.C. Nearby standing stones align to the solstices and to the first days of May and November (all holy days to the megalith builders of Europe) for the dates 2499 - 1900 B.C.
Above are reconstructions of the Stonehenge site, as it probably appeared circa 2900 B.C., and as it was intended to appear by 1100 B.C. I contend that the former construction was a Fae meeting place and that the latter was a Hyperborean temple. The meeting place coincided with the use of the site by indigenous Neolithic people. The last construction on the unique megalithic temple occurred when the site was controlled by a different culture with eastern Mediterranean influences.
The Hyperboreans mentioned in the writings of Hecateus were Trojans who worshipped Apollo, god of the sun. They travelled to Britain early in the second millennium and integrated with the people from central Europe who built stone circles to monitor the positions of the sun and moon. According to legend, Trojans captured by the Mycenaeans joined the Hyperborean colony in Britain, and a design etched onto a Stonehenge megalith depicts a Mycenaean dagger. The only circle similar to Stonehenge, found in Calabria, is the site of Mycenaean artifacts.
We have inherited a conglomerate image of the priests of various religions as wizards in long robes and conical hats. The priests of Inanna probably had blue robes, for popular folklore declares that their Fae congregations never wore that colour because it was 'special'. The Celtic Druids who worshipped Her Enemy, Bel, wore white robes and white conical hoods covering their entire heads. Ranking below the Druids, Ovates and Bards wore vestments of green and blue respectively. Many secret societies adopted their hoods and habits as a statement against Germanic rule. One of these was the Ku Klux Klan, whose Druidic garb –adopted as a statement against white slavery– was deliberately exploited to promote antagonism between Celts and blacks in America.
Several tall gold hats have been discovered in Ireland and in different parts of central Europe, one with a chin strap. The oldest is 3300 years old and its inscriptions outline the Metonic cycle of the sun and moon. A gold cape at least 3600 years old has been found in Wales. The conical shapes suggest magian influence in Caucasian cultures, and are dated between 1300 and 800 B.C.
A bronze disc of the same age, proven to be a star map, has been found in Germany on a mountain which is known for spectral impressions that appear to be angelic visitations, and for its impression of 'consuming the sun' every summer solstice. Knives found near the disc were forged using techniques found only in Mycenae and Anatolia. It is known that by the time of Hecateus the Hyperboreans had a presence in central Europe, organizing a courier network between Britain and the Cyclades. The disc suggests that this presence was established by the middle of the second millennium.
More than five hundred 'freeze dried' remains of human types usually associated with Europe have been found in the Taklamakan Desert of Turkhestan. They date from around 2000 B.C. At Cherchen, a man buried around 1100 B.C. had designs painted on his temples which suggest that his people were sun worshippers. He was about six feet six inches tall. Despite his Volsungr height, he had a long face and an aquiline nose. The 'grooved ware' style of pottery was found in the Taklamakan Desert with the remains. The Volsungrs had shared 'grooved ware' pottery with the megalith builders of western Europe, a different physical type (long faced, quite short and light boned). The tartan twill weaving found with the Taklamakan remains is identical to Celtic weaving buried at La Tene and Hallstatt in central Europe during the first millennium, and the majority of the 'freeze dried' remains were of the same physical type as the Celts.
It is believed that these people arrived in Turkhestan via Persia and Scythia, which explains why their weaving resembles that of the Celts. It explains also why one of the bodies wears "a terrifically tall, conical hat, just like those we depict on witches riding broomsticks at Halloween" (pp. 359 of 'Uriel's Machine' by Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas). Three bodies buried at Turpan (in the same region) wear similar hats. According to Jason Kirby these hats link the wearers to magi of Indo Iranian culture. I do not dispute their association with that culture, but hats of this style were worn by peasants across Europe until the witch hunts. Dr. Dolkum Kamberi reports that "several types of felt hats, including one with a high point (were) found in the Taklamakan, similar to those of the Saka nomads displayed on the Persepolis reliefs in southern Iran." The Saka nomads were Scythians, and were familiar with runes similar to those used by Germanics. After the Taklamakan Desert people arrived via the Silk Road, Manichaeans took the same route and won many converts in Turkhestan.
Robert Lomas writes that the old Chinese word for 'court magician' is 'mag', and that "the Chinese written character for 'mag' is a cross with slightly splayed ends, identical to that used by the medieval Order of the Knights Templar". A 2800 year old drawing at Cherchen depicts 'European' types, one of them carrying the same symbol. This symbol was used by the Templar Knights in medieval Europe. It was used also by the Coptic Church in north Africa. One might as well say it was used by sinners and by saints. In itself it was a neutral pre-Christian symbol of the Ancient Ones, probably copying a logistic device.
The historian Adamnan wrote in his 'Life of Saint Columba' that magi advised the Pictish kings, who were Celts from Scythia. MacGeoghan and Mitchell, on pp. 42 of their 'History of Ireland' (in the Princess Grace Irish Library) say that the Celtic Druids were magi from Scythia, and the folkloric image of a wizard's hat is very similar to the conical hat worn by the Scythian depicted at far right on the Behistun Rock in Persia.
Festus Avienus, in his 'Iambics', drew upon the (now destroyed) 'Periplus' of the Phoenician voyager Hanno. It was deposited by Hanno's brother Himilco in one of the temples of Carthage, and still existed in the fourth century A.D. It recorded that the 'ancients' (believed to be the Phoenicians of Gades) used to call Hibernia (their name for Celtic Ireland) 'The Sacred Isle' because of the presence of magi on the island. This information was included in the 'Iambics'.
A new book entitled 'Before the Burning Times' chronicles the medieval arrival in the north of magian Christians, Magusseans forced into the Balkans by disapproving Zoroastrian magi. Threatened with a holocaust there, they moved into Germanic states whose Church was alarmed at the warm reception they received from their northern relatives, even though the northern relatives did not share their beliefs. Their executions as heretics set the stage for the witch hunts that would target the Fae. The Cathars of southern France were from this tradition. In the above image of a Cathar execution, note the conical hats worn by two people present, ironically magian in appearance.
When Jews were persecuted in medieval times, they were forced to wear brimless conical hats associated with the magian Christians. These notorious 'dunce caps' were revived during the genocidal 'witch hunts'. So much were magian hoods and habits associated with the besieged that they became the uniform of penitents, proudly worn in religious parades as indication of true humility, though as the garb of heretics they had been intended to represent the sinfulness of the penitents. Few people know that Jews were forced to wear magian hats because these had been worn by other Israelites. In the eighth century B.C. the Assyrians recorded on their tablets that they had captured the Israelite tribes of Ephraim. Taken by relatives, Chaldees of Babylonia, the priests of this tribe became the G'KIM mentioned in the Book of Daniel, people of the Qabalah and of the Messianic tradition. Some of their number are suspected to have joined the Oimpires, the notorious blood drinkers of Babylonia. When Babylon was stormed, the Ephraimites there became incorporated into the Medes as the 'tribe of the magi', and adopted Zoroastrianism. The Parsi Zoroastrians of Bombay may have been descended from them, for according to Martin Haug they "are said to have called their religion Kesh-i-Ibrahim. They traced their religious books to Abraham, who was believed to have brought them from heaven."
Some of the G'KIM joined the traditional school of Zoroastrianism in Khorezm, but others created a separate Aramaic speaking Messianic school in Anatolia under the philosopher king Antiochus I. These were the Magusseans, associated with the Essene and Mandaean communities of Nazareans in which Christianity began, and later with the Coptic Church. In Islam their legacy survives in the religious sect of Sufism. This sect influenced Crusaders from Europe who formed the Rosicrucian Brotherhood, and whose most famous members were the Templar Knights. Other nonconformists were Manicheans, following the doctrines of the Mandaean philosopher Mani, and the most famous of these were the Cathars. The Hermetic and Gnostic schools came from the nonconformists' tradition. During their persecution some Rosicrucians found refuge among the Celts. It is probable that the Celtic Druids had been Ephraimites never taken to Babylon, which explains the identical appearance of their hoods and robes. Israelites among the Celts were called 'Jacobites'.
It is important to note that all magianism after the advent of Christianity is suspect because the virtuous magi renounced their orders. Opposing magian groups are controlled by the same people. But it is not advisable to assume that freedom fighters are magi just because they use ancient symbols.
An Arabic Jewish tale relates to a story from the Q'uran about the people of Ad, Hadramaut Hebrews whose city of Ubar sank beneath the Arabian sand around 300 A.D. The Jewish tale states that descendants of Moses (Levites) journeyed to the 'Western Isles of the Happy', and settled in a town where remnants of Ad were living. The Fae were often called 'the happy people', and in Euskaric languages the islands of the happy were literally the islands of the Fa, the original name for their ethnic group. The people of Ad were considered 'brothers' to the Jews, who had sent a prophet to warn them before the destruction of Ubar. They wore hats similar to those of the Celtic magi, of a style which was popular in Britain during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and which is considered traditional in Wales.