Communism in Russia (to 1924)                   Name _____________________________

Unit Guide

History 8

 

Overall Purpose:

Identify and explain the main weaknesses that led to the collapse of the Romonov dynasty in 1917.  Analyze the factors that allowed the Bolsheviks to seize power in the October Revolution. 

 

Main Ideas:

A)    Explain the three main factors that affected Marx’s development of the theory of communism.

B)     Describe the cornerstone aspects of communism.

C)    Why did Marx believe that capitalism was an essential stage on the path to communism?  Why did he believe that communism would inevitably replace capitalism?

D)    Where did Marx predict that communist revolutions would first occur?  Why was Russia an unlikely site for a communist revolution?

 

E)     Describe the two geographic factors that have affected Russian history.

F)     In what ways did Russian civilization develop differently from that of Western Europe?  How did Peter the Great and Catherine the Great attempt to modernize Russia?

 

G)    What factors led to the Great Reforms of Alexander II?  Why were these reforms considered incomplete?

H)    Explain the conflict Westernizers and Slavophiles in Russian history.  At what key points did Russia choose autocracy over pluralism?

 

I)       Describe the reforms of 1890-1914.  How did these reforms add to social tensions?

J)       Identify the five major elements of Russian society in 1900, and explain the conflicts between these groups.

K)    Describe the ruling philosophy of Nicholas II.  How did Rasputin gain influence over the Tsar’s family?

 

L)     Describe how Lenin altered Marx’s philosophy.

M)   What factors led to the 1905 Revolution?  What effects did the revolution have?

N)    Explain the causes of the March Revolution in 1917.

O)    Describe the factors that led to the fall of the Provisional Government.  Explain how the Bolsheviks seized power in October 1917.

 

P)     What factors allowed the Bolsheviks to defend their seizure of power and emerge victorious in the Civil War?

Q)    Describe how the Bolshevik Party changed during the Civil War.

R)     Describe the governmental structure of the USSR.

 

 

S)     Be able to compare the Russian Revolution with the first four chapters of George Orwell’s Animal Farm. (Pig Sheet)

 

Key Terms:

1.         Marx’s Dialectic

2.         bourgeoisie

3.         proletariat

4.         dictatorship of the proletariat

5.         Communist Manifesto and Das Capital

6.         Kievan Rus’

7.         Tatars

8.         Ivan the Great

9.         Kremlin

10.     Ivan the Terrible

11.     Michael Romanov

12.     serfdom

13.     Cossacks

14.     St. Petersburg

15.     peasant commune

16.     Pugachev Rebellion (1773)

17.     Decemberist Uprising (1825)

18.     Populist Movement

19.     Sergei Witte

20.     Nicholas II

21.     Lenin

22.     Bolsheviks

23.     Bloody Sunday

24.     Soviet

25.     Duma

26.     Provisional Government

27.     Alexander Kerensky

28.     Leon Trotsky

29.     April Thesis

30.     Cheka

31.     “loot the looters”

32.     War Communism

33.     Party Congress

34.     Central Committee

35.     Politburo

36.     nomenklatura