From TIME, September 15, 1975:
The Girl Who Almost Killed Ford
There was about the incident a sense of chilling deja vu; only this
time the President was not riding in a limousine. Instead, Gerald Ford was
walking through a group of several hundred admirers in a pleasant, sunlit park
in front of the California state capitol at Sacramento, shaking hands with
people in his amiable, relaxed way. He was as pleased with his reception as John
F. Kennedy had been with the crowds that had come out to meet him that day in
Dallas in 1963. Once again, precisely at 9:57 a.m. on Friday, the threat
suddenly materialized out of nowhere. A movement in the crowd, a raising of a
hand, and to his astonishment, Ford found himself looking down the barrel of a
loaded .45 Colt automatic pistol scarcely 2 ft. away. There was a brief flurry,
and then the Secret Service subdued a social misfit, a psychological cripple,
who might have easily assassinated the President of the U.S.
Her name was Lynette Alice Fromme, and she was the first woman ever to
attempt to kill a President of the U.S. Her manner was gentle, and while she was
pretty in a freckle-faced, red-haired, little-girl sort of way, she would turn
few heads on the street. But the 27-year-old woman behind this innocent facade
was anything but normal. In her way, Lynette Fromme was as much a social
aberration - an amoral freak - as Lee Harvey Oswald, the killer of John F.
Kennedy, or Sihan Sirhan, who shot to death Robert F. Kennedy, or Arthur Bremer,
who crippled Alabama Governor George Wallace. She had been - and still was - an
ardent follower of Charles Manson, the psychopathic killer who is now serving a
sentence of life imprisonment for committing seven murders, including the
vicious slaughters in 1969 of Film Actress Sharon Tate and Leno LaBianca,
wealthy owner of a grocery chain. Because her voice was so tiny and
high-pitched, Manson had nicknamed her "Squeaky."
Disturbing Paradox. Squeaky Fromme’s mad act in a Sacramento park with a
.45 in her small hand had an immediate, sobering effect on the 1976 presidential
election campaign. All too clearly, every candidate could visualize a similar
attack being
launched against himself The incident was also a vivid and sickening reminder
of one of the most disturbing paradoxes of America: the fact that such a liberal
and free society should somehow generate a sprinkling of warped souls who for
dark reasons of their own seek to work out their frustrations by destroying
political leaders. The free society has discovered no effective way of
identifying and controlling its demons.
Despite the vigilance of the Secret Service, American Presidents
traditionally make themselves easy targets for would-be assassins. They love to
get out among the people - "to press the flesh," in Lyndon Johnson’s homey
phrase - to show that they are just plain Americans after all. No one
could reach the White House while campaigning from behind a bulletproof glass.
Just hours after his near escape, Gerald Ford was emphatically and calmly
telling newsmen that "this incident under no circumstances will prevent me or
preclude me from contacting the Amencan people as I travel from one state to
another and from one community to another."
What made the flare of violence in Sacramento especially baffling and
frightening for leading American politicians was the fact that Jerry Ford seemed
to be as free of the danger of assassination as any man could be - a friendly
father figure who excited neither envy nor hatred. But Squeaky Fromme had
discovered her own reasons to dislike the man. With Sandra Good, her roommate
and another member of the Manson "family," Fromme issued a statement to the
press two months ago equating Ford with Richard Nixon, the man whom the clan has
always blamed as the source of its troubles with the law. Declared the release:
"If Nixson’s [sic] reality wearing a new face [i.e.,
Ford] continues to run this country against the law, your homes will be
bloodier than the Tate-LaBianca houses and My Lai put together."
Watching Hands. Fromme was ready when Ford flew into town from Portland,
Ore., at 10:42 p.m. Thursday. He was accompanied by the standard number of
agents in his personal entourage (the exact number is a secret), and there was a
relaxed air about the trip. A Secret Service official points out that if there
had been any indication of trouble, Ford would not have been allowed to walk
anywhere - "He would have been in a car."
Ford spent Thursday night in a suite on the sixth floor of the Senator Hotel,
a nine-story Moroccan-style building in downtown Sacramento. On Friday morning
he addressed a breakfast gathering of 1,000 prominent citizens, winning solid
applause by attacking excessive Government regulation for causing "cost,
contradiction and confusion." He was obviously untroubled by a plea from liberal
Republicans earlier in the week that he moderate his conservative line. After
the breakfast meeting, Ford went back to the hotel and, right on schedule, left
at 9:55 to walk a block to the California state capitol, where he had a 10
o’clock appointment with Governor Jerry Brown. At about that time, a
small, slim woman wearing a bright red, full-length gown and a matching turban
asked a policeman on the street between the hotel and the capitol if the
President was coming. He made a noncommittal reply - and Squeaky Fromme waited.
As Ford started across a small park in front of the capitol, he was greeted
by bursts of applause from the crowd that had been waiting patiently to see him
or perhaps even shake his hand. Head up and smiling, surrounded by aides and
Secret Service agents, Ford moved quickly through the park, an athletic,
vigorous man obviously enjoying his reception. As the party moved along, the
agents carefully watched the hands of the people they were approaching. Says one
veteran agent: "You’ve got to keep an eye on their hands. Sure, you notice kooks
and faces and a lot of other things. But hands are the most important. If
somebody is going to try to hurt the President, they’ll have to use their
hands."
Waiting, the woman in the red dress began to raise her automatic. Near a
magnolia tree, Ford paused to shake some hands. He was actually stretching his
hand out to the woman in red, according to some witnesses, when he froze for an
instant. "I saw a hand coming up between several others in the front row," Ford
would later recall, "and obviously there was a gun in that hand." She was no
more than 2 ft. away from the big man who made such an easy target. She cried
out: "The country is in a mess! This man is not your President!"
Let‘s Go! White-faced, Ford flinched from the gun. At the same instant,
Secret Service Agent Larry Buendorf, 37, lunged forward. A husky athlete,
Buendorf easily wrested the gun from her grasp and threw her to the ground. With
the help of agents and a policeman, he quickly handcuffed her.
Meanwhile, another Secret Service agent shouted: "Let’s go!" The command was
a signal to tell other agents in the area that Ford was in danger. Swiftly, a
cordon of men formed around the shaken President. Two agents pulled down on his
suit jacket, forcing the tall (6 ft. 2 in.) Ford to bend so that he was
partially concealed by the group. Then, moving at a brisk walk, the party swept
through the park past the startled spectators and into the safety of the
capitol.
As the President disappeared, Squeaky Fromme was shouting in her little-girl
voice: "He’s not a public servant! He’s not a public servant!" She also cried
out: "It didn’t go off. Can you believe it? It didn’t go off.’’
Why the gun could not go off quickly became clear when the Secret Service
examined the 3-lb. Colt automatic. It was loaded with four bullets, but there
was no bullet in the chamber ready to be fired. To shoot the gun, Fromme would
first have had to pull back the slide on top of the pistol, thus forcing a
bullet from the clip up into the chamber. After the first shot was fired, the
next bullet would have been automatically fed into the chamber.
There is evidence that Fromme was doing her best to shoot the weapon that, at
such close range, would almost certainly have killed the President. Some
witnesses reported hearing a distinct clicking sound, which could have been made
by the hammer snapping forward as she futilely pulled the trigger. In addition,
there is the record of what happened to Agent Buendorf when he leaped into
action. Instinctively, as he had been trained, Buendorf grabbed for the hammer
of the gun, trying to interpose the web of skin between his right thumb and his
right forefinger between the hammer and the firing pin. In the confusion, just
what happened is not clear, but Buendorf came away with a cut between thumb and
finger, as though he had been caught by the striking hammer.
Once inside the capitol, Ford recovered his aplomb so quickly that he went
right on to his meeting with Governor Brown without making any mention of the
incident. In fact, Brown did not learn what had happened right outside his
office until a Ford aide brought up the matter after half an hour. Later, Ford
insisted upon addressing the California legislature as planned, without
mentioning what had occurred earlier. He looked wan and was unusually serious.
Ironically, his topic was crime. Ford told the lawmakers that he was especially
concerned about "the truly alarming increase in violent crime throughout this
country" and advocated mandatory sentences "for persons found guilty of crimes
involving the use of a dangerous weapon."
Bear Hug. Back in Washington, Betty Ford got the news of the
assassination attempt while sitting at the desk in her study, a small, cozy room
with a sweeping view of the monuments to Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln. Mrs.
Ford had just begun a phone conversation when the call was interrupted: on the
line was Richard Keiser, the head of the President’s Secret Service detail.
Right off, knowing how she would react to his abrupt intrusion, Keiser assured
Betty Ford that her husband was all right. Then he told her what had happened.
Since moving into the White House, she had accepted almost fatalistically the
danger to her husband - the price that goes with a place in history. But this
was the first time that she had had to face the stark reality. Outwardly at
least, she was calm. "It is something you have to live with," she said. "I’m
very grateful to the Secret Service and the great job they do."
Later in the day, Betty and the Fords’ sons, Jack, 23, and Steve, 19 - tall
blond boys in blue jeans and T shirts - walked out on the White House lawn to
greet the big helicopter carrying the President home on the last hop of his trip
from Sacramento. Betty greeted her husband with a bear hug, and his sons
affectionately draped their arms around his shoulders. The President’s reaction
to his day was casual and characteristic: "Gee, it’s nice to be home." Then he
said "We had a great trip - just a fraction of a second or two kind of distorted
things. Everything else was superb." Indeed, Ford went out of his way to
reassure Californians that he did not hold the Fromme episode against them. "I
wouldn’t under any circumstances let one individual’s effort undercut the warmth
of what we felt in California."
On the West Coast and in Washington, the Secret Service, the FBI and other
law-enforcement agencies worked frantically to learn what motivated the
attempted assassination and whether or not Squeaky Fromme had acted alone.
Arraigned in Sacramento on a federal charge of attempting to murder the
President, which carries a maximum penalty of life in prison, she sat listlessly
through the proceedings, making no statement and showing no reaction when her
bail was set at $1 million.
Hunting for clues, Sacramento police went to her attic apartment above a
boarding house and took her two roommates, Sandra Good and Susan Murphy, into
custody for questioning. Like Good, Murphy was a member of the Manson family.
After two hours of interrogation, the two were released without being charged.
Sandra Good later told TIME: ‘‘I don’t know what state of mind Lyn was in,
but I do know that she was concerned that nobody is doing anything for the
country. This act was a combination of many problems. She apparently was moved
by the disaster facing the country from air and water pollution. Nixon lied to
the people, and Ford is continuing to lie to the people. He is not doing
anything.’’
Stop Polluting. Good claimed that she and Fromme were members of an
"international people’s court" consisting of several thousand members throughout
the world, who were prepared to ‘‘kill" the polluters of the air and water. Said
she: "We’re going to start assassinating Presidents, Vice Presidents and major
executives of companies. I’m warning these people they better stop polluting or
they’re going to die."
Squeaky Fromme was also accustomed to using the language of violence. Good
was with her in late July when she told a journalist - who insists upon
anonymity - that Ford, the creation of Nixon, "would have to pay for what he’s
doing. Ford is picking up in Nixon’s footsteps and he is just as bad." Part of
the interview took place in a local cemetery because the girls said they
"identified" with the dead. When, the newsman asked for more time to talk,
Fromme said darkly, "This is nothing to the interview you will get. Something
very big is going to happen."
It seemed inconceivable to some California law-enforcement officials who had
worked on the Manson cases that Squeaky Frornme could have acted independently.
Says one officer: "For Lynette just to go out on her own and do this doesn‘t
make sense. The clan is just what its name implies - a family. And like a
family, they don’t operate alone."
In Sacramento, U.S. Attorney Dwayne Keyes said there was an "assumption" that
Fromme had been part of a conspiracy because of the "close connection of the
[Manson] group." In Los Angeles, Deputy District Attorney Stephen Kay said
flatly: "I think Charles Manson had a hand in it. It’s very easy to slip
messages in and out of prison." Indeed, officials at San Quentin prison near San
Francisco, where Manson is locked up, acknowledged that the mass murderer had
frequently corresponded with Fromme by regular mail. A prison spokesman said
that Manson had learned of the act through the prison grapevine shortly after it
happened. Reportedly, Manson reacted with surprise to the news, declaring, "Oh,
my God!"
Squeaky Fromme, daughter of a well-to-do aeronautical engineer in Redondo
Beach, Calif., was one of the first people to join Manson’s demonic tribe in
1967, after she dropped out of El Camino College in Torrance, Calif. Her life in
the sex-styled family revolved around drugs, depraved sex and devotion to
Manson, who made her his "main lady." As she testified at his murder trial in
1971: "We were riding on the wind. You could say that it’s a nonsense world of
‘Alice in Wonderland,’ but it makes a lot of sense. Everybody makes their
own [rules], and you get what you put out."
Blood Testing. She turned out to be one of Manson’s shrewdest, toughest
and most slavishly obedient followers. When the clan lived on a Death Valley
ranch, Manson assigned Squeaky to take care of the ranch’s 81-year-old blind
owner, George Spahn, in the hope - futile, in the end - that she would inherit
the property. Said Manson follower Danny DeCarlo: "She had George in the palm of
her hand. She cleaned for him, cooked for him, balanced his checkbook, made love
with him." She was also in charge of selling the autos, dune buggies and other
assorted loot stolen by Manson’s disciples.
After Manson’s arrest in 1969, Squeaky took command of the clan and its
hand-to-mouth Living arrangements. With a handful of other followers, mostly
women, she perched on the steps of the Los Angeles courthouse during the trial,
shaved her head to protest his conviction and gouged an X into her forehead as a
sign of loyalty. She later explained: "We have Xed ourselves out of this world."
Prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi wrote in his book Helter Skelter that the
mutilations became a ritual for new members, "complete to tasting the blood as
it ran down their faces."
Although Squeaky was not implicated in the Tate or LaBianca slaughters, she
was arrested more than a dozen times on various charges, ranging from drug
possession to murder. In 1972 Squeaky and four other Manson followers were
charged with killing an associate, Lauren Willett, 19, after a falling out. Her
body was buried under a house in which the family members had been living. But
charges against Squeaky were eventually dropped because of insufficient
evidence. Her only convictions have been for relatively minor offenses. In 1971,
for example, she and three other clan members were sentenced to 90 days in jail
for trying to prevent a former fellow disciple from testifying at Manson’s trial
by allegedly feeding her an LSD-laced hamburger.
Since Manson’s conviction and life sentence, Squeaky has lived in various
parts of California, including the San Fernando Valley, Monterey, San Francisco
and Sacramento, where she rented an apartment to be near Manson after he was
transferred to Folsom prison. With at least three other Manson women, she shared
a dilapidated apartment on P Street, only a few blocks from the capitol grounds,
where last week’s attempt on President Ford‘s life took place. Prison
authorities refused their dozen requests to visit Manson. Bugliosi has called
her the "chief cheerleader of the Manson cause." Indeed, she has continued
trying to recruit new members, but without apparent success. She has also
attempted - usually in vain - to keep members from deserting the group.
In recent months she and her roommates have donned long red robes and red
turbans, the outlandish habit of their newly proclaimed religious order, which
prays for Manson’s miraculous return to freedom. As Squeaky told an interviewer:
"We’re nuns now, and we wear red robes. We’re waiting for our Lord, and there’s
only one thing to do before he comes off the cross, and that’s clean up the
earth. Our red robes are an example of new morality. We must clean up the air,
the water and the land. They’re red with sacrifice, the blood of the sacrifice."
Former Los Angeles Detective Robert Halder, who led the investigation of the
Tate murder case, says of Fromme: "The girl must’ve been on at least 1,000 acid
trips in her life. It just was not possible to hold a rational conversation with
her." Still other people note her recent talk in praise of violence and killing
and regard her as capable of almost anything. Last July she threatened Rodney
Angove, a reporter for the Associated Press in Sacramento, when he refused to
write a story about a press release from Manson attacking Nixon. "It’s your life
that’s on the line," she told him. "That message has got to go out."
Law officials who knew the Manson family were not at all surprised that
Fromme found the courage to confront the President with a .45 in her hand.
Bugliosi, now in private practice, ticked off four reasons she might have done
it. "First, the entire Manson family religion is based on killing. They enjoy
it. Second, their purpose has always been to draw attention to themselves and to
shock the world. Third, as recently as a month ago, Manson was accusing Nixon of
the responsibility for his conviction, and Ford was appointed by Nixon. Fourth,
there is a lot of competition between the girls, and Squeaky was trying to
impress Charlie. They all want to be Charlie’s girl."
Bugliosi describes Fromme as "intelligent and articulate, except when it
comes to Manson, who she believes is the Second Coming of Christ." Several years
ago, she spoke frankly about her views in a film documentary titled Manson,
which will soon be re-released. At one point, Fromme says, "Every girl
should have a daddy just like Charlie." She adds: "Whatever we need to do, we
do. We respond. We respond with our knives. It feels good to be ready to face
death and love. . ."
Trying to explain Fromme’s fascination with violence. Dr. Louis Jolyon West,
head of the psychiatry department at U.C.L.A., points out that she was part of a
group whose members all were paranoid to varying degrees. "They all suffered
from a group syndrome," he says. "There was a pattern of holding to false
beliefs with even greater conviction and emotional commitment than a normal
person’s beliefs that are subject to the laws of evidence. They were being
victimized by conspiracies and plots coming from very high levels of Government.
This affirms the grandiosity of their self-image. and it justifies the violence
with which they strike back."
Class Hatred. Psychiatrist Harry L. Kozol, director of the Massachusetts
Research Program on the Study of Dangerous Persons, thinks that Fromme may
really have been striking at Nixon when she took aim at Ford. Broadly speaking,
adds Kozol, assassinations are eruptions of bitter class hatred. "By killing a
member of a more powerful group," he says. "the assassin not only exercises
class hatred but builds up egotism and self-confidence,"
However well he conceals it, every leading American politician is acutely
aware that some day he may be the target of the wild frustrations of a
psychopath - "the kind of sullen person who broods in rooming houses," in the
striking phrase of Democratic Presidential Candidate Morris Udall. The news of
Ford’s near escape from death made the current presidential candidates, avowed
or coy, even more apprehensive, but they. were saying little about their
concerns in public.
One of the few to speak out was Udall. Said he: "I do really regret that of
all the advanced industrial societies, we seem to be the one that is most
inclined toward this sort of thing, but this will not change my plans in the
slightest." Nor, friends were saying, would the incident alter the activities of
the two men who have the most reason to fear the Squeaky Frommes of the world.
When, as expected, Alabama’s George Wallace announces for the presidency, he
will still campaign as vigorously as possible, fighting the paralysis caused by
the bullets fired by Arthur Bremer. Would the Governor keep out of crowds? a
newsman asked one of Wallace’s aides. "Of course not," he replied. "You can’t
campaign away from crowds."
Senator Edward Kennedy, who is still resolutely declaring that he will not
seek the Democratic nomination, will continue to travel the country as before.
Kennedy has put the problem this way: . "If someone in my position doesn’t
realize the danger, he’d be a fool. But anybody who lets that danger paralyze
him is useless." On the day that Ford was in Sacramento, Kennedy was in Seattle
to dedicate a cancer center.
Death Threats. One result of last week’s scare was a prompt move to give
Secret Service protection to all major presidential candidates, declared or
otherwise, a service that is now provided only to Ford and Vice President Nelson
Rockefeller. "The protection will begin as soon as possible - right now," said
Senator Mike Mansfield, a member of the special congressional committee that is
empowered to work out who is eligible to be guarded.
The grim reality, however, is that even the skill and dedication of agents
like Larry Buendorf cannot guarantee the safety of a political leader against
the cunning of a psychopath who is determined to kill - and who knows, far
better than Squeaky Fromme, how to operate a gun. There are 47,000 potentially
dangerous persons in the Secret Service files, and no one knows how many tens of
thousands of others have still not surfaced. With a staff of only 1,300 agents,
the Secret Service is hard pressed to fulfill its present duties and to check
out every one of the 100 death threats Ford receives on the average every month.
The Secret Service was informed that Fromme was in the Sacramento area, but
decided that there was no need to put a special watch on her. From what it knew
of Fromme’s statements, the agency did not feel that she posed a dangerous
threat to the President. Ideally, the Secret Service should be able to keep tab
on every suspect. But Douglas V. Duncan, head of the Secret Service unit in
Sacramento, points out, "We don’t have enough agents for that kind of thing."
There will never be enough agents, nor can all the danger be eliminated by
passing strict gun-control laws. Such legislation would certainly help counter
the rising rate of street crime, but psychiatrists point out that a person who
is crazed enough to want to kill a national political figure would somehow find
a way to get his hands on a weapon. Ford’s proposed gun legislation, now lying
fallow in Congress, is aimed mainly at curbing the spread of "Saturday night
specials" - cheap, small-caliber pistols. The .45 Colt automatic operated by
Squeaky Fromme is not covered by the proposal.
Harrowing Warning. Faced with these harsh facts of political life, Jerry
Ford still plans to carry on his work - and his election campaign for 1976 -
just as before. "You can’t shut down the presidency," notes one White House
aide. This week Ford will visit New Hampshire to campaign on behalf of
Republican Senatorial Candidate Louis Wyman, and on Friday and Saturday he will
fly off on another trip blending politics and presidential affairs, touring St.
Louis and Kansas City, Mo., and then ending in Dallas. His aides expect that, as
always, Ford will be making his handshaking forays into crowds of Americans.
"It’s a dreadful thing to contemplate," says one top White House assistant, "but
every time the President steps off a plane, he risks his life. Yet he can’t just
put himself behind barriers. That would indicate a complete lack of confidence."
Ford will be going on the trip with more on his mind than Squeaky Fromme and
the sight of her .45 coming up through the crowd. Last week, almost unnoticed in
the flurry about the incident in Sacramento, federal authorities in Santa
Barbara, Calif., jailed two drifters on charges of threatening to kill the
President. When police arrested Gary S. DeSur, 31, and Preston M. Mayo, 24, for
stealing a television set, they discovered notes outlining a plot to assassinate
Ford during his visit to Sacramento. Santa Barbara Detective Robert A. Zapata
reported that the notes told how the two men had planned
to break into an armory in San Francisco "and get guns, a sniper scope and
dynamite."
As the presidential campaign begins to quicken, and the candidates become
more prominent, the threat can come from anywhere at any time. Some of the worst
products of American society can suddenly lash out at some of the best. The most
harrowing warning came from Squeaky Fromme herself. In the documentary
Manson, she coolly pointed out: "Anybody can kill anybody."
THE FAMILY THAT SLAYS TOGETHER
Their eyes revealing a horrifying emptiness, the members of the Manson family
are once again haunting the headlines. The motley, mixed-up band today numbers
about 100, fanned out in communes up and down California. Some Mansonites live
in a three-story wood frame house about 30 miles east of Folsom prison where
Manson was held for a time. The number of residents varies, but usually includes
at least seven women, three men and up to ten children. Lynette ("Squeaky")
Fromme and Sandra Good had lived there off and on until last spring.
The only visible hints of potential danger are the hunting knives that some
of the women wear on their hips. They finance themselves with welfare and food
stamps; one member until recently was garnering simultaneous welfare benefits
under three names. They make regular "dump runs" to the rear of markets to
scavenge for edibles. LSD may still be indulged in but the main trip now is
marijuana.
The group’s raison d’etre remains glorification of Charles Manson, now
40. So intense is their devotion that family members have written an eight-page
"bible" in which they pledge fealty to Manson as "Father and God to his
children." Mansonites have signed their names and placed swastikas, inscribed in
blood, alongside some of them. The group’s most avid conversations center on his
prison activities and the hoped-for day of his release. Despite the glaringly
obvious differences between the two cases, Manson nurses vague hopes that one
day he might win a reversal similar to the one granted Army Lieut. William
Calley.
* * *
California law officials have much evidence of a loose, long-standing
conjunction between the Manson family and a close-knit, all-white group of 200
inmates spread throughout the California prison system called the Aryan
Brotherhood, which shares with the family an intense hatred of blacks. The
brotherhood maintains outside links with a profitable drug operation.
When Manson entered prison, he was looking for protection against such prison
hassles as homosexual assault and beatings, which the brotherhood gladly
provided. To earn the favor, Manson had the women of the family mail nude photos
of themselves to members of the brotherhood, along with promises of sexual
favors when the men were released. More important, the girls agreed to serve as
messengers to the outside for the brotherhood. "Charlie wants to do easy time,"
explains a prison official. "He knew the brotherhood could protect him inside,
and the communications link is very important to them." The ties are deep and
dangerous. Two Manson girls and two members of the brotherhood were arrested in
November 1972 for the murder of a young California couple, James and Lauren
Willett. All have been jailed.
The pervasive violence terrifies those who have even minimal contact with the
family. After conducting a few interviews, at least one journalist has simply
given up writing about the group out of cold fear, and, for the same reason, a
California photographer will not let newspapers that print her pictures of the
group credit them to her. Since Manson’s trial and imprisonment, a Manson cult
of sorts has sprung up, making instant myth of his life of violence. A play by
David Rabe, The Orphan, tried, with notable lack of success, to portray
Manson as misunderstood victim, oracle and messiah. Author Norman Mailer,
although acknowledging that brave people can have destructive qualities, has
said of Manson: "As an intellectual, he was brave."
The followers’ devotion to Manson goes on unabated. "If Charlie told a girl,
‘Hey, baby, go out and snuff [kill] yourself,’ she would do it," says a current
friend of the family. The girls, he says, believe Manson’s arrest was part of a
grand design. "He told them that he would go underground and then rise again
some day, like Christ," reports the friend. "They think his imprisonment is just
that - a forced period underground. They spend all their time preparing
themselves for the day he is released - the day he rises."
THE MEMOIRS OF SQUEAKY FROMME
"Charlie tricked us. He tricked all of us girls, and then he tricked some
guys. They say he’s a con-man, a devil. And that he is."
So begin the recollections of ‘‘Squeaky" Fromme. who, like so many others in
the Manson gang, wrote her rambling memoirs and harbored vague hopes of getting
them published as a book. TIME has obtained part of a neatly typed
manuscript that is a sometimes semiliterate mixture of blissfil and tawdry. It
is laced with descriptions of sexual activity and full of almost
self-consciously repeated Freudian clichés about rebelliousness against parents
along with a yearning to be dominated by a strong father figure. Apart from her
contradictory beginning, Squeaky Fromme most of all expresses her adulation of
Charles Manson and describes his perverse attraction. Excerpts:
We all came from houses with doors, doors that were to be closed when there
were things going on that we weren’t supposed to see, and when our pants were
down. Making love was never shown to us. It was explained, as if a chore and a
duty, hidden behind those doors. And little by little, action by action, we
learned not to believe in anything, and that the word "love" was not
understandable, so therefore, not to be discussed often. In essence, we learned
all the guilt, the heavy guilt, that makes bad out of feeling good.
Out from under we popped, to get away from those doors, and the chore of it,
and find something exciting, and do something that felt good.
* * *
My father had kicked me out of his house at the height of an argument over an
opinion difference. He had become so enraged. He told me never to come back, and
that was all the severance it took. I had no place to go. I stuck out my thumb
on a freeway entrance, going through all my tears to Venice, where I remembered
beatniks lived. Afraid, with all my books, my dictionary, my eye makeup clutched
to me, I sat on a bench staring at the ocean.
Suddenly, an elfish, dirty-looking creature in a little cap hopped over the
low wall grinning, saying "What’s the problem?" He was either old, or very
young. I couldn’t tell. He had a two-day beard and reminded me of a fancy bum -
rather elegant. but my fear was up.
"How did you know?" I started to say, and he smiled really bright, and I had
the strangest feeling that he knew my thoughts.
"Up in the Haight [San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury] I’m called the gardener,"
he said. "I tend to all the flower children." My mind was struck with the
thought... that a gardener plants seeds, and I became more afraid and clenched
my legs together. "It’s alright," he told me, and I could feel in his voice that
it was. He had the most delicate, quick motion, like magic as if glided along by
air, and a smile that went from warm daddy to twinkely devil. I couldn’t tell
what he was.
I was enchanted and afraid all at once, and I put my head down and wished he
would go away, and when I looked up, really he was gone! And I turned my head,
wanting to talk to him now with urgency. And as soon as I turned back around,
there he was again, sitting on the wall. grinning at me. I had only conceived of
such things in fairy tales.
"So your father kicked you out." he said with certainty, and once again
my mind went with the wind, and I laughed and relaxed... We talked and I felt
very good with him and freer, much freer. "The way out of a room is not through
the door," he said, laughing. "Just don’t want out and you’re free." Then he
unfolded a tale of the 20 years he’s spent behind bars, of the struggle and the
giving up and the loving of himself.
We came back to the fact that I didn’t have any place to go. He told me that
he was on his way to the woods up north and that I could come with him if I
wished. I declined, having obligations to fulfill, having three weeks of my
first college semester left. Then I looked at him, wanting to get up, crunching
up my face in thought. "Well," he said, moving down the walk. "I can’t make up
your mind for you." He smiled a soft feeling and was on his way. I grabbed my
books, running to catch up with him. I didn’t know why - I didn’t care - and I
never left [him].
* * *
Squeaky went with Manson and another girl to Haight-Ashbury, where Manson
seemed to be a hero, especially to young women. The first girl was dropped and
another, Mary, was picked up in Berkeley. Then the three drove in a I948
Chevrolet to the little town of Casper, where they found other disaffected
flower children and settled in a house in the woods. There Charlie ordered her
to "take off your clothes." Later, afer some hesitation on her part, they had
sex for the first time.
I felt close to him and layed my head on his shoulder, wanting a daddy to
hold me... I hoped that he would pursue me or touch me, or rape me or anything
good really, yet without me giving up to it. It was a little girl-game I wanted
to play. But instead he told me: "So, you’ve been hurt and now you’ve locked
yourself up. You’ve got all your love tied up in the past, and associated with
bad or sad experiences. You wanted your daddy to hit you, didn’t you?" It was so
and I nodded. As all daughters, I had wanted all the attention I could get from
my daddy...
Day by day, we became more aware of Charlie, who was ever aware of us and
each tree and each branch and each leaf. The way he explained it was this:
"What’s happened, see, is me not adjusting to the ‘Free World.’ I’ve made up my
own world. In other words, I didn‘t and wouldn’t adjust to society and their
reality of things."
|