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Lecture 3 |
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Using MS-DOS C.L.I. (1) |
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MicroSoft - Disk Operating System |
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C.L.I. – Command Line Interface |
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Commands are typed in. |
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No Mouse! |
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Older 16 Bit operating system |
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G.U.I. provided by Windows 3.x |
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Now generally regarded as obsolete. |
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Microsoft tried to “kill” DOS as a separate OS
in 1995 with release of Windows 95. |
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The last official release of DOS was V6.22 |
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DOS survived as an integral part of Windows 9x
Operating Systems. |
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Available as Command Prompt on NT, 2000 and Xp
versions – though not integral to the OS. |
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Can to useful when managing your computer, your
network and for creating batch files. |
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A:
Floppy Disk Drive |
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C: Hard
Disk Drive |
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D: CD
ROM / DVD / CD-RW (Usually) |
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\ used
to denote the root directory |
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A:\ is the root directory of the floppy disk |
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Also used to separate directories |
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A:\Letters\Granny01.doc |
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In windows 9x, press F8 when you boot up system |
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Select Command Prompt Only from menu |
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Places you in full MS-DOS mode |
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From shutdown menu, select Restart in MS-DOS
Mode |
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Places you in full MS-DOS Mode |
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In Windows, select Command Prompt or MS-DOS
Prompt from Start Menu. |
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Enter Command into “Run” |
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cd \
Moves user to root directory |
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To move to a specific drive, enter drive code
and press enter. |
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A: Moves user to Floppy Drive |
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C: Moves user to Hard Disk |
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D: Moves user to CD/DVD/CD-RW |
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Prompt may look like this: |
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C:\windows> |
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Format prepares a disk for use by placing the
file system on the disk. |
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Syntax: |
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format drive: |
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Examples: |
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format A:
or format C: |
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This formats disk to default size. |
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Switches can be added to alter the way the Format
command operates: |
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/Q Quick Format (rewrites FAT only) |
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/F:size Specifies size of the disk |
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720, 1.44, 2.88 |
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160, 180, 320, 360, 1.2 |
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/S Format as System Disk |
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(Command.com, IO.sys, MSDOS.sys) |
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Directories are made using the commands: |
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md (or mkdir) |
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Syntax: |
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md directory-name |
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Example: |
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md letters |
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This would make a directory called letters at
the users current location (disk and directory) |
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The command(s) to change directory are cd (or
chdir) |
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Syntax: |
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cd path |
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The path can be absolute or relative (see next) |
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Example: |
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cd windows |
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This would move the user into the windows
directory – which must be a sub-directory of the current directory. |
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Absolute Paths |
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The complete route to a location on a disk. |
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The Path starts from the root directory of the
disk in question |
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Relative Paths |
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The route to a location on a disk from where you
currently are. |
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Location C:\windows |
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You want to go to system which is a
sub-directory of C:\windows, then into viewers which is a sub-directory of
System |
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Using Relative Path |
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cd system\viewers |
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Using absolute path |
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cd c:\windows\system\viewers |
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Generally a directory must be empty to delete
it. The commands to do this are: |
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rd (or rmdir) |
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Syntax: |
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rd directory |
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Example: |
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rd letters |
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This would delete an empty directory called letters
relative to your current location. |
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Sometimes you want to delete an entire branch of
your file-system. |
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Manually emptying each directory to remove it is
time-consuming. |
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Use deltree command |
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This removes directory and all sub-directories
and files. |
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Deltree letters |
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In 2000 and Xp, deltree is not available. Its function is achievable using rd with
the /s switch (not available in Win9x) |
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rd /s letters |
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Files can be copied or moved. |
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Copy |
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File is copied to new location |
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Now 2 “copies” available, the original and the
new copy |
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Move |
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File is copied to new location and the original
is removed |
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Only 1 copy remains, in the new location |
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Syntax: |
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copy source destination |
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Examples: |
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copy letter1.doc c:\data\letter2.doc |
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copy letter1.doc c:\data |
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What is the difference between the 2 commands
above |
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Syntax: |
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move source destination |
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Examples: |
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move letter1.doc c:\data\letter2.doc |
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move letter1.doc c:\data |
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What is the difference between the 2 commands
above |
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Both these commands have switches that can be
used to make their actions more powerful. |
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Use the on-line help to check what these are. |
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Both can utilise Wildcards. |
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The commands to delete a file are del (or erase) |
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Syntax: |
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del filename |
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Example: |
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del letter01.doc |
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Again, wildcards can be used with del |
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Under Win9x there are a couple of switches
available. |
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2000 & Xp provide several switches that
allow very powerful results to be achieved, including: |
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Deletions based on attribute settings |
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Forcing deletion of read-only files |
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Confirmation prompts |
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Use the /? Switch with any command to get a
brief help page |
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Cd /? |
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Format /? |
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If you have a fully copy of DOS you can enter help
to get the full DOS Help system. |
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Files with the following extensions can be
directly invoked by the user |
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.com |
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.exe |
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.bat |
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Type in their DOS filename and press enter. |
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You don’t need to enter the extension itself. |
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Standard rules regarding absolute and relative
paths apply. |
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Notes