HISTORY 165- TOPIC OUTLINES
Rizal and the Emergence of the Philippine Nation
by Jose S. Arcilla, S.J.CHAPTER 1: THE SEARCH FOR SPICES (The Coming of the Europeans)
Section 1: All for PepperI. The Lure of the East to the WestA. Mystery and Fabulous Wealth in the EastII. The Transformation in Europe1. Goods which the West did not have: spices, gems and adornments, strange animals, interesting plants, cults and religionsB. Problem of Communication: West not Knowledgeable about the East
2. Challenge of the Unknown1. Islam as a contributory factor
2. Crisis in Western Europea. The Black Death or Bubonic Plague
b. The Hundred Year’s War (1357 - 1453)
c. The Fall of ConstantinopleA. Europe as one of the centers of civilization (1500)
B. Beginnings of the historical process for Europe (1800)1. Europe controls world trade, ocean lanes and organizationC. Portugal: Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) and Christopher Columbus (1451-1500)1. Led the race for spices
2. No real initial concern for Christianity
Section 2: Prince Henry and ColumbusI. The Rise of Portugal: Fiefdom of CastilleA. Role of Prince Henry (son of King John)II. Christopher Columbus and the Unknown Route
B. Portugal as world leader1. Prince Henry
2. Result of his undertakingA. Columbus and the Empresa de IndiasIII. Basco Nunez de Balboa and the Southern Sea (1475 — 1517)a. Rejection of Columbus’ plansB. Columbus’ Voyages to the new World
b. Queen Isabela approves the “Impressa de India”
discover new routes, lands and trades
c. The Capitulaciones the Santa Fe
d. The Benefits of Columbus; 10% of trade
and 1/8 of profita. Aug 3 1492—Early 1493C. Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503): Objective
b. Sep 1493—1495
c. May 1498—May 1500
d. May 1502—1504IV. Amerigo Vespucci
Section 3: Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521)I. Ferdinand Magellan in PortugalA. Training in the Queen’s courtII. Ferdinand Magellan in Spain
B. Experiences in navigation1. Magellan joined Fernando d’ Almeida
2. He became friends with Duane Barbosa
3. Magellan as a member of the troops sent by Affonso d’ AlbuquerqueA. Influential acquaintances - Barbosa brothers, Juan de Aranda’s and Bishop Juan de Fonseca’s supportIII. The first phase of the expedition
B. Capitulaciones — 1/5 of the profit, 2 of 6 islandsA. Preparation1. Attempts to abort the expeditionB. Problems and Difficulties: natural, food, health, mutiny
2. The 5 ships of the fleet: San Antonio, Victoria, Santiago, Trinidad and Concepcion
3. Antonio Pigafetta’s detailed chronicle of the expeditionSection 4: Off to the PhilippinesI. Antonio Pigafetta’s chroniclesA. Strait of Magellan (door to the Pacific - 20 Nov 1520)II. Magellan at San Lazaro
B. Pacific sea (16 March 1521)A. The first encounter with the Indigenous Leytenos
B. Cebu and Chief Humabon1. The first Christian baptism in CebuC. Mactan
D. Juan Elcano and the Victoria1. September22, 1522
2. Loads of Spices ($24,500— 1934)