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- Minerals and Rocks
- By Jamie Desrochers
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- Explain what a mineral is.
- Name some common minerals.
- Identify four properties of minerals.
- Explain how to test the streak and hardness of a mineral.
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Mineral -Element or compound found in the Earth’s crust (Marshall et al,
2001)
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- They are solids.
- They are formed naturally.
- They have the same chemical makeup throughout.
- They have a definite arrangement of atoms.
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- There are 3,000 different minerals
- Most common minerals are
- Quartz
- Feldspar
- Mica
- Calcite
- Gypsum
- Halite
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Quartz vibrates at a precise, constant speed when electricity passes
through it. Watches use tiny bits
of vibrating quartz to keep time. (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Four properties can be used to identify minerals.
- Color
- Luster
- Streak
- Hardness
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Some minerals have unique color
- -Sulfur is usually bright yellow
- Quartz may be clear, pink, black, white, or purple
- Color is only one clue to a mineral’s identity
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Luster-The way a mineral reflects light
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- There are two kinds of luster
- Metallic
- Nonmetallic
- Glassy
- Pearly (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Streak -Color of the mark a mineral makes on a white tile (Marshall et
al, 2001)
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- Hardness -The ability of a mineral to resist being scratched (Marshall
et al, 2001)
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- A streak test helps to identify a mineral
- A streak may be different then the minerals color
- Some minerals are so hard that they do not leave a streak
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Geologist use a hardness scale from 1 to 10.
- The scale is called the Mohs scale.
- The higher the number the harder the mineral.
- A mineral with a higher number will scratch a lower numbered mineral.
- (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- What is a mineral?
- Name two common minerals?
- Why can’t color alone be used to identify minerals?
- Why is a streak test helpful in identifying minerals?
- The hardness of quartz is 7. The
hardness of topaz is 8. Will quartz scratch topaz. Explain.
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- A naturally occurring solid, not made of living things, with a definite
atomic pattern and the same chemical composition throughout.
- Answer may vary but may include: gold, quartz, diamonds, carbon,
feldspar, mica
- Most minerals are found in more than one color, and many minerals are
similar in color.
- A mineral streak may be different then the mineral’s color.
- No, on the Mohs hardness scale, a mineral with a higher number is harder
than a mineral with a lower number.
The softer mineral. Quartz will not scratch the harder mineral
topaz.
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- Explain what rocks are.
- Name and describe three main types of rocks.
- Describe the rock cycle. (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Rock -Natural solid material made of one or more minerals. (Marshall et
al, 2001)
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- Only 20% of minerals make up 95% of rocks.
- Scientists who study rocks are interested in which minerals make them up
and how the rocks are formed.
- The information helps locate valuable resources. (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Igneous rock -Rock formed from melted minerals the have cooled and
hardened.
- Magma -Hot liquid rock inside the Earth.
- Metamorphic rock -Rock that had been changed by intense heat, pressure,
and chemical reactions.
- Sedimentary rock -Rock formed from pieces of other rock and organic
matter that was pressed and cemented together. (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Rocks are classified by how they are formed
- Igneous rocks are formed from magma inside the Earth
- Metamorphic rocks are formed from heat and pressure
- Sedimentary rocks are formed by bits and pieces cemented together. (Marshall
et al, 2001)
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- Top left-sedimentary rock
- Top middle-metamorphic rock
- Top right-Igneous rock
- (Yahoo image, 2005)
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- Rock Cycle – Series of changes through which one kind of rock becomes
another kind of rock. (Marshall et al, 2001)
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- Magma rises, cools, and hardens into igneous rock.
- It rises to the surface breaks apart, forming sediment.
- Sediment is carried to the ocean by rivers were it builds up and becomes
sedimentary rock.
- Heat and pressure change it into metamorphic rock.
- The rock cycle can have many other paths.
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- What is a rock?
- What are the three main types of rocks?
- Which type of rock is granite?
- How do metamorphic rocks form?
- Explain the rock cycle.
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- A natural solid material made of one or more minerals
- Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks
- Igneous
- Heat, pressure, and hot fluids change the appearance and texture of
preexisting rock to form metamorphic rocks.
- A series of changes that rocks undergo as they change into other rocks.
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- What are four features that all minerals have in common?
- What is a rock?
- How do scientist use information about rocks?
- Name the three types of rock and describe how each type if formed?
- Describe how the “quick test” is used to estimate a mineral’s hardness.
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- For more information about rocks and minerals please check out the
following websites.
- The Mineral Gallery
- http://www.fi.edu/tfi/units/rocks/rocks.html
- Rocks and Mineral Slide Show
- http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/.../vwlessons/lessons/Slideshow/Slideinex.html
- Rock and Mineral Web Quest
- http://cte.jhu.edu/techacademy/fellows/brannon/webquest/kmbindex.html
- Rock and Mineral Links
- http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/rocks.html
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- Center for Educational Technology, (1997). The rock cycle. retrieved
Jan. 22, 2005, from Earth's Cycles Web site: http://ww.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
- Marshall, R., Jacobs, D., Rosskopf, A., & LaRue, C. (2001). General
science. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
- Yahoo image. (2005). retrieved Jan. 22, 2005, from Rock image Web site:
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images
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Notes
