Laos
|
3 Oct 1893 - 8 Apr 1945;
23 Apr 1946 - 11 May 1947 |
8 Apr 1945 - 23 Apr 1946;
11 May 1947 - 2 Dec 1975 |
16 Oct 1945 - 23 Apr 1946;
Adopted 2 Dec 1975 |
|
Map
of Laos |
Text
of National Anthem
Adopted 1949 |
ເພງຊາດລາວ
Hear National Anthem
"Pheng Xat Lao"
(Hymn of the Lao People) |
Constitution
(14 Aug 1991)
----------
Royal Constitution
(11 May 1947-1975 [in
French]) |
|
Capital: Vientiane
(Royal Capital: Luang
Phra
Bang to 1975) |
Currency: Kip (LAK) |
National Holiday: 2 Dec
(1975)
Republic Day |
Population: 6,068,117
(2004) |
|
GDP: $10.3 billion
(2003) |
Exports: $332 million
(2003)
Imports: $492 million
(2003) |
Ethnic groups: Lao Loum
([Lao] lowland) 53%, Lao Theung
([Mon-Khmer] upland) 23%,
Lao Tai (Tai) 13%,
Lao Soung (highland)
including the Hmong (Miao) and
the Yao (Mien) 10%,
other, ethnic Vietnamese/Chinese 1% (2000) |
|
Total Armed Forces:
29,100 (2002)
Merchant marine: 1 ship
(2003) |
Religions: Buddhist
48.8%, animist and traditional beliefs 41.7%,
non-religious 4.3%,
Christian 2.1%, other 3.1% (2000) |
|
International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, ARF, ASEAN,
BTWC, CP, CTBT, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, KP,
NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNFCC, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
|
Laos Index |
CHRONOLOGY
1636 Kingdom of Lan Chang
(Lan Xang) becomes Luang
Phra Bang.
161. -
1946 Separate Kingdom (from 1904
Principality) of
Nakhon Champasak.
1707 -
1828 Separate Kingdom of Wiang
Chhan.
3 Oct
1893 French protectorate of Laos;
part of French
Indochina (see
Vietnam)(Luang Phra Bang a
protectorate;
central and south French colonies
until 1899 then
part of Luang Phra Bang).
23 Mar
1907 West-bank Champasak and
Xainyaburi provinces
ceded by Siam to
Laos.
16 Jun 1940 - 9
Mar 1945 Administration loyal to Vichy France.
9 May 1941 - 7
Dec 1946 West-bank Champasak and Xainyaburi
provinces
annexed by
Thailand.
21 Aug
1941 Wiang Chhan and Xiang Khuang
incorporated
into Luang Phra
Bang.
8 Apr
1945 Royal proclamation by Luang
Phra Bang declares
end to French
protectorate.
7 Apr 1945 - 27
Aug 1945 Occupied by Japan (Japanese troops
present since
28 Jul 1941).
8 Apr
1945 Luang Phra Bang Royal
proclamation declares
an end to French
protectorate.
15 Sep
1945 Unification of Kingdom of
Laos proclaimed.
23 Sep 1945 - 12
Mar 1946 Allied (Chinese) occupation north of
16th
parallel and
British occupation below it.
23 Apr
1946 France protectorate
reestablished.
27 Aug
1946 France recognizes
unification of Laos.
19 Jul
1949 French associated state
22 Oct
1953 Independence proclaimed
(Kingdom of Laos).
21 Jul
1954 Independence recognized by
France.
2 Dec
1975 Lao People's Democratic
Republic |
|
Laos |
|
Luang Phra Bang
(Lan Xang) |
|
Wiang Chhan |
|
Champasak |
|
Xiang Khuang |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Luang Phra Bang (Lan Xang)
to 3 Oct 1893
|
Map of Luang Phra Bang |
Capital: Capital: Luang
Phra Bang
(Xiang Dong Xiang Thong
to 1561; Vientiane
1561-1695) |
Population: N/A |
889 - 1368 Part
of Khmer (Cambodian) empire.
.... Müang
Xiang Dong Xiang Tong
1353
Kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao
1478 - 1479
Occupied by Vietnam.
1574 - 1603
Burmese vassal.
1707
Kingdom of Luang Phra Bang (officially Lan Xang Hom Khao).
Mar 1765 - 1772 Under
Burmese suzerainty.
1772 - 1795 Under
Thai suzerainty.
1788 - 1792 Thai
occupation.
179. - 2 Jun 1794 Thai
occupation.
1795 - 1828 Vassal
of Vietnam.
3 Oct 1893 French
protectorate; part of French Indochina (see
Vietnam).
21 Aug 1941 Wiang
Chhan and Xiang Khuang incorporated into Luang Phra Bang.
7 Apr 1945 - 27 Aug 1945
Japanese occupation.
8 Apr 1945 Royal
proclamation declares end of French protectorate.
15 Sep 1945 Part
of Kingdom of Laos
Kings
1637 - 1694
Souligna Vongsa
1690 - 1695 Tian
Thala (d. 1696)
1695 - 1698 Nan
Tharat (d. 1698)
1700 - 1707
Setthathirath II (b. 1685 - d. 1735)
(to
1735 in Wiang Chhan)
1707 - 1713
Kingkitsarad (d. 1713)
1713 - 1723 Ong
Kham (d. 1731)
1723 - 1749 Thao
Ang (d. 1749)
1749 - 1749
Inthaphom (d. 1776)
1749 - 1771
Sotika-Kuman (b. bf.1734 - d. 1771)
1771 - 1788
Suryavong (d. 1791)
1788 - 1792
Thai occupation
1792 - 179.
Anurutha (1st time) (b. 1735 - d. 1819)
179. - 2 Jun 1794
Thai occupation
2 Jun 1794 - 31 Dec 1819
Anurutha (2nd time) (s.a.)
31 Dec 1819 - 7 Mar 1837
Manthaturad (b. 1772 - d. 1837)
(regent for Anurutha 1817 - 31 Dec 1819; lives as a
monk
in Bangkok 1825-26, leaving Luang Phra Bang to
be
administered by Siamese officials)
1825 - 1826 .... -Siamese
officials
1837 - 1838 Unkeo
-Regent (d. 1850)
1838 - 23 Sep 1850
Sukha-Söm (b. 1797 - d. 1850)
23 Sep 1850 - 1 Oct 1868
Chantha-Kuman (b. 1799 - d. 1868)
1 Oct 1868 - 15 Dec 1895
Unkham (b. 1811 - d. 1895)
15 Dec 1895 - 25 Mar 1904
Sakkarin (b. 1840 - d. 1904)
(regent for Unkham Apr 1888 - 15 Dec 1895)
26 Mar 1904 - 15 Sep 1945
Sisavang Vong (1st time) (b. 1885 - d. 1959)
(King
of Laos from 12 Oct 1945)
15 May 1946 - 27 Aug 1946
Sisavang Vong (2nd time) (s.a.)
Prime minister
21 Aug 1941 - 10 Oct 1945 Prince
Phetsarath Rattanavongga (b. 1890 - d. 1959) Non-party
French Vice-consul
1887 - 5 Jun 1894
Auguste Jean Marie Pavie (b. 1847 - d. 1925)
Commissioner-general
5 Jun 1894 - Apr 1895
Auguste Jean Marie Pavie (s.a.)
Commandant-superior of Bas-Laos
(in Khong, Champasak)
May 1895 - Apr 1899 Marie
Auguste Armand Tournier
Commandants-superior of Haut-Laos
(in Luang Prabang)
Jun 1895 - Apr 1897 Joseph
Vacle (1st time) (interim)
May 1897 - Oct 1898 Paul
Louis Luce (interim)
Oct 1898 - Apr 1899 Joseph
Vacle (2nd time) (interim)
Residents-superior
Sep 1895 - Mar 1896 Léon
Jules Pol Boulloche (b. 1855 - d. 19..)
Apr 1899 - Apr 1903 Marie
Auguste Armand Tournier
Aug 1903 - May 1906
Georges Marie Joseph Mahé
(1st
time) (interim)
May 1906 - Apr 1907 Louis
Saturnin Laffont (interim)
Apr 1907 - Jan 1912
Georges Marie Joseph Mahé
(2nd
time)
Aug 1910 - Jul 1911
Antoine Georges Amédeé Ernest (b. 1863 - d. 1941)
Outrey (interim)
Jan 1912 - Jul 1913 Louis
Antoine Aubry de la Noé
(interim)
Jul 1913 - Oct 1913 Claude
Léon Garnier (1st time)
(acting)
Oct 1913 - Feb 1914 Jean
Édouard Bourcier
Saint-Chaffray (interim) (b. 1870 - d. 19..)
May 1914 - May 1918 Claude
Léon Garnier (2nd time)
(acting)
Jun 1918 - Mar 1931 Jules
Georges Théodore Bosc
Apr 1921 - Jan 1923 Joël
Darrousin (interim)
May 1925 - Jan 1926
Jean-Jacques Dauplay (interim) (b. 1878 - d. 19..)
May 1928 - Dec 1928 Paul
Raimond Octane Le Boulanger
(interim)
Mar 1931 Paul
Raimond Octane Le Boulanger
(1st
time) (interim)
Mar 1931 Pierre
André Michel Pagès (b. 1893 - d. 1980)
Mar 1931 - Jun 1931 Yves
Chrles Chatel (b. 1865 - d. 1944)
Jun 1931 - Oct 1931 Paul
Raimond Octane Le Boulanger
(2nd
time) (interim)
Oct 1931 - Feb 1932 Jules
Nicolas Thiebaut (interim)
Feb 1932 - Oct 1933
Aristide Eugène Le Fol
Oct 1933 - Jan 1934 Adrien
Anthony Maurice Roques
(1st
time) (acting)
Jan 1934 - Jul 1934 Louis
Frédéric Eckert (interim)
Jul 1934 - Aug 1934 Adrien
Anthony Maurice Roques
(2nd
time) (acting)
Aug 1934 - Apr 1938 Eugène
Henri Roger Eutrope
Nov 1934 - Oct 1935 Louis
Frédéric Claire Guillaume
Marty (interim)
Apr 1938 - Nov 1940 André
Touzet
Nov 1940 - Dec 1941 Adrien
Anthony Maurice Roques
(3rd
time) (interim)
Dec 1941 - 5 Apr 1945 Louis
Antoine Marie Brasey
Japanese Supreme Counselor
5 Apr 1945 - 22 Aug 1945 ....
French Commissioner
25 Aug 1945 - 4 Jan 1946 Hans
Imfeld (interim)
Wiang Chhan (Viang Chan)
to 1828
|
Map of Wiang Chhan |
Capital: Vientiane |
1707
Kingdom of Wiang Chhan resulting from the split of
the
Kingdom of Lan Xang.
1778 - 1782
Occupied by Siam.
1782 - 1828 Vassal
of Siam.
1828
Annexation by Siam (see
Thailand).
17 Oct 1887 French
colony (Vientiane - French deformation).
21 Aug 1941
Incorporation into Kingdom of Luang Phra Bang.
Kings
1707 - 1735
Setthathirath II (b. 1685 - d. 1735)
1735 - 1760 Ong
Long
1760 - 1779 Ong
Bun (b. 1730 - d. 1781)
1779 - 1782
Thai occupation
1782 - 1795
Nanthasen (d. 1795)
1795 - 1803
Intharavong (d. 1805)
1804 - 1828
Anuvong (b. 1767 - d. 1829)
Champasak (Nakhon Champasak)
to 1946
|
Map of Champasak |
Capital: Paksé
(Bassac to 1908) |
161.
Kingdom of Nakhon Kala Champaknaburisi founded.
1714 Name
changed to Nakhon Champa Nakhaburisi.
1791 Name
changed to Nakhon Champasak.
1772 - 1899 Vasal
of Siam.
1811 - 1813 Thai
occupation.
1819 - 1821 Thai
occupation.
1851 - 1856 Thai
occupation.
1860 - 1863 Thai
occupation.
22 Nov 1904
Principality under French protectorate.
15 Sep 1945 Part
of Kingdom of Laos.
27 Aug 1946
Principality extinguished.
Kings
1700 - 1713? Nan
Rath
1713 - 1738
Nokasat (b. c.1690 - d. 1738)
1738 - 1791 Saya
Kuman (b. 1710 - d. 1791)
(regent for Nokasat 1725-38)
1791 Xiang
Keo
1791 - 1811 Fai
Na (d. 1811)
1811 (3 days) No
Muong (d. 1811)
1811 - 1813 Cha
Nou (d. 1813)
1813 - 1819 Ma
Noi (d. 1821)
1819 - 1821
Thai occupation
1821 - 1827
Rajabud Yo
1827 - 1840
Hui (b. 1780 - d. 1840)
1840 - 1850 Nak
(regent to 1841) (b. 1774 - d. 1850)
1850 - 1851 Süa -Regent
1851 - 1856
Thai occupation
1856 - 1858 Kham
Ñai (b. 1830 - d. 1858)
1858 - 1860 Chu -Regent
1860 - 1863
Thai occupation
1863 - 28 Jul 1900 Kham
Suk (b. 1838 - d. 1900)
28 Jul 1900 - 22 Nov 1904 Bua
Laphan (b. 1874 - d. 1946)
Princes
22 Nov 1904 - Jun 1946 Bua
Laphan (s.a.)
Jun 1946 - 27 Aug 1946 Boun
Oum (b. 1912 - d. 1980)
Xiang Khuang
|
Map of Xiang Khuang |
Capital: Xiang Khuang |
698 Müang
Maharatanaburirom Phommachakkhati
Simahanakkharatakkasela Nakhon Xiang Khuang Rajathani
state founded in the Plain of Jars.
889 - 1368 Part
of Khmer (Cambodian) empire.
1478 - .... Vassal
of Vietnam.
1568 - 1598 Vassal
of Pegu (Burma).
1772 - 1835 Under
Thai suzerainty.
1835
Annexed by Siam (see
Thailand).
18..
Annexed by
Vietnam.
1848
Restored as a vassal state of Vietnam.
1851
Sovereignty restored.
1875
Annexed by Siam.
1876
Sovereignty restored.
1887 Made a
vassal state of Siam.
1888
Annexed by Siam.
3 Oct 1893 Made a
French colonial possession as part of Laos.
21 Aug 1941
Incorporated into Luang Phra Bang.
Kings (rath, chao xiwit)
1687 - 1688 Chao
Kham Lan (d. 1688)
1688 - 1690 Chao
Kham Phuttha (d. 1690)
1690 - 1694 Chao
Kham Sattha (d. 1694)
1694 Chao
Bun Lang Thai (d. 1694)
1694 - 1698 Chao
Bun Lot (d. 1698)
1698 - 1712 Chao
Kham Bun Khong
1712 - 1714 Phraña
Kham Thewo -Regent (d. 1714)
(Phraña Thammatewo)
1714 - 1740 Chao
Bun Chan
1740 - 1751 Chao
Kham Un Müang
1751 - 1753 Chao
Ong Lo (1st time)
1753 (3 months) Chao
Ong Bun
1753 - 1779 Chao
Ong Lo (2nd time)
1779 - 1781 Chao
Ong Si Phom
1781 - 1782 Chao
No Müang
1782 - 1802 Chao
Som Phu
1802 - 1803 Chao
Xiang
1803 - 1831 Chao
Suthakasuvannakuman
(Chao Noi)
1831 - 1835 Chao
San -Regent
1835 - 1848
Annexed to Thailand then Vietnam
1848 - 1865 Phra
Chao Issarasettha (Chao Po)
1865 - 1874 Chao
Üng
1875 - 1876
Annexed to Thailand
1876 - 1887 Chao
Khanti
1887 - 1888 Thao
Xiang Phet -Regent
Laos
15 Sep 1945 The
united Kingdom of Laos proclaimed.
23 Sep 1945 - 12 Mar 1946 Allied
(Chinese) occupation north of 16th parallel
and
British occupation below it.
23 Apr 1946 France
re-establishes protectorate.
27 Aug 1946 France
recognizes unification of Laos.
19 Jul 1949 French
associated state.
22 Oct 1953
Independence (Kingdom of Laos).
21 Jul 1954
Independence recognized by France.
2 Dec 1975 Lao
People's Democratic Republic
General secretary of the Lao
People's Party (Phak Pativat Lao)(PPL)
(from Feb 1972, Lao People's
Revolutionary Party [Phak Paxaxôn Pativat Lao, PPPL])
22 Mar 1955 - 29 Mar 1991
Kaysone Phomvihane (b. 1920 - d. 1992)
Presidents
of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (PPPL)
29 Mar 1991 - 21 Nov 1992
Kaysone Phomvihane (s.a.)
25 Nov 1992 -
Khamtai Siphandon (b. 1924)
Kings (Rath)¹
15 Sep 1945 - 20 Oct 1945
Sisavang Vong (1st time) (b. 1885 - d. 1959)
Chinese Occupation Commander
23 Sep 1945 - 12 Mar 1946 Lu Han
(China)
Head of State
20 Oct 1945 - 23 Apr 1946 Prince
Phetsarath Rattanavongga (b. 1890 - d. 1959) LI
Kings (Rath)¹
23 Apr 1946 - 29 Oct 1959
Sisavang Vong (2nd time) (s.a.)
(of
Luang Phra Bang 15 May - 27 Aug 1946)
28 Nov 1946 - 25 Oct 1949 Prince
Phetsarath Rattanavongga (s.a.) LI
(Head of State, in Bangkok exile)
30 Oct 1959 - 2 Dec 1975 Savang
Vatthana (b. 1907 - d. 1978?)
Presidents
3 Dec 1975 - 15 Aug 1991 Prince
Souphanouvong (b. 1912 - d. 1995) PPPL
31 Oct 1986 - 15 Aug 1991 Phoumi
Vongvichit (b. 1909 - d. 1994) PPPL
(acting for Souphanouvong)
15 Aug 1991 - 21 Nov 1992
Kaysone Phomvihane (s.a.) PPPL
25 Nov 1992 - 24 Feb 1998 Nouhak
Phoumsavan (b. 1914) PPPL
24 Feb 1998 -
Khamtai Siphandon (s.a.) PPPL
Prime ministers
15 Sep 1945 - 20 Oct 1945 Prince
Phetsarath Rattanavongga (s.a.) Non-party
20 Oct 1945 - 23 Apr 1946 Prince
Phaya Khammao (b. 1911 - d. 1984) LI
(chairman of provisional government)
23 Apr 1946 - 15 Mar 1947 Prince
Kindavong (b. 1900 - d. 1951) Non-party
24 Apr 1946 - 25 Oct 1949 Prince
Phaya Khammao (s.a.) LI
(in
Bangkok exile)
15 Mar 1947 - 25 Mar 1948 Prince
Souvannarath (b. 1893 - d. 1960) neutralist
25 Mar 1948 - 24 Feb 1950 Prince
Boun Oum (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 1962) neutralist
24 Feb 1950 - 15 Oct 1951 Phoui
Sananikone (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1983) neutralist
21 Nov 1951 - 20 Oct 1954 Prince
Souvanna Phouma (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1984) NPP
25 Nov 1954 - 21 Mar 1956 Katay
Don Sasorith (b. 1904 - d. 1959) NPP
21 Mar 1956 - 17 Aug 1958 Prince
Souvanna Phouma (2nd time) (s.a.) NPP
17 Aug 1958 - 31 Dec 1959 Phoui
Sananikone (2nd time) (s.a.) neutralist
31 Dec 1959 - 7 Jan 1960
Sounthone Pathammavong (b. 1911) CDNI/Mil
(Army Chief of Staff)
7 Jan 1960 - 3 Jun 1960 Kou
Abhay (b. 1892 - d. 1964)
3 Jun 1960 - 15 Aug 1960 Prince
Somsanith (b. 1913 - d. 1975)
30 Aug 1960 - 13 Dec 1960 Prince
Souvanna Phouma (3rd time) (s.a.)
(from 9 Dec 1960, in Cambodia exile
recognized by the communist states)
11 Dec 1960 - 13 Dec 1960 Quinim
Pholsena (not recognized) (b. 1915 - d. 1963) PNP
13 Dec 1960 - 23 Jun 1962 Prince
Boun Oum (2nd time) (s.a.) neutralist
23 Jun 1962 - 2 Dec 1975 Prince
Souvanna Phouma (4th time) (s.a.)
Chairmen of the Council of
Ministers (prime ministers)
8 Dec 1975 - 15 Aug 1991
Kaysone Phomvihane (s.a.) PPPL
15 Aug 1991 - 24 Feb 1998
Khamtai Siphandon (s.a.) PPPL
24 Feb 1998 - 27 Mar 2001
Sisavath Keobounphanh (b. 1928) PPPL
27 Mar 2001 -
Boungnang Vorachith (b. 1937) PPPL
French Commissioners
17 Mar 1946 - Apr 1946 Hans
Imfeld (interim)
Apr 1946 - Jul 1947 Jean
Léon François Marie de (b. 1907 - d. 1951)
Raymond
Jul 1947 - Mar 1948
Maurice Auguste Michaudel
(interim)
Mar 1948 - Dec 1949 Alfred
Valmary (interim)
Dec 1949 - Apr 1953 Robert
Regnier
Apr 1953 - Jan 1954 Miguel
de Pereyra
¹The
full style of the ruler was: Somdetch Brhat Chao Lan Xang Hom
Khao Luang Prabang Parama Sidha Khatiya Suriya Varman Brhat Maha
Sri.
Territorial Disputes:
Demarcation of boundaries with
Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam is largely complete, but with
Thailand several areas including Mekong River islets remain in
dispute; ongoing disputes with Thailand and Vietnam over
squatters.
Party abbreviations: PPPL
= Phak Paxaxôn Pativat Lao
(Revolutionary People's Party of Laos, part of mainly Vietnamese
Indochinese Communist Party [DCSD] founded 1930 by Ho Chi Minh,
a Committee for Laos est.1936; known 1950-1955 as Neo Lao Issara
[Lao Freedom Front] which on 22 Mar 1955 became Lao People's
Party [PPL]; renamed PPPL Feb 1972, dictatorial, communist -only
Legal Party since 1975); Mil = Military;
- Former parties:
CDNI = Committee for the Defence of the National
Interests (rightist, military backed, 1958-196.); LI =
Lao Issara (Free Laos, nationalist, anti-communist, 1945-47);
NPP = Phak Xat Kao Na (National Progressive Party, 1951-58,
became RLP); PNP = Peace and Neutrality Party; RLP
= Lao Rouam Lao (Rally of the Lao People, est.1958)
Some
useful websites about Lao map: |
