Ch.11 | Ch.12 | Ch.13 | Ch.3 | Ch.4 | Ch.5 | Ch.1 | Ch.2 |
A. Links
to Glencoe's Review Puzzles B.
Sample Short Essays C. Sample Long
Essays
Ch.1 Introduction
1. Describe the relationship between growth rate and the percentage of oxygen or carbon dioxide in these experiments. ANS: The growth rate remains fairly constant as the percentage of oxygen increases. The growth rate increases as the percentage of carbon dioxide increases from 1 percent to 30 percent and levels out at higher percentages. 2. Which of the students’
hypotheses correlate with the results?
4. The growth of plants also
depends upon other factors, including temperature, soil water content,
and light intensity. What should the students have done with such factors
in these two experiments? Why?
5.Identify the independent variable
and the dependent variable in Experiment 1.
6. Identify the independent variable
and the dependent variable in Experiment 2.
7. The students could have
done just one experiment in which they varied both the oxygen and carbon
dioxide percentages at the same time. Why do you think they chose instead
to vary the oxygen and carbon dioxide percentages in separate experiments?
8. Are the carbon dioxide
level in the first experiment and the oxygen level in the second experiment
controls, constants, dependent variables, or independent variables?
ANS: constants
^TOP
9.A scientist performed an experiment to find out how the volume of a gas depended on the pressure of the gas. The scientist placed a constant amount of the gas under different pressures and measured the volume of the gas at each pressure. The results of the experiment are shown in the table below
ANS: The graph on the left is better, because it puts the independent variable (pressure) on the horizontal axis and the dependent variable (volume) on the vertical axis. ^TOP 10. Referring to the table
above, describe the relationship between gas volume and gas pressure.
11.While hiking along a nature trail that leads to a forest, you notice that a certain kind of plant grows deep in the forest and out in the open, away from any trees. You also notice that the appearance of the plant depends on where it grows. In the forest, the plant has large leaves and long stems. In the open, the plant has smaller leaves and short stems. 12.. Develop a hypothesis to
explain this difference in the appearance of the plant.
13. Design an experiment
to test your hypothesis.
14. Identify the independent
and dependent variables in your experiment.
^TOP
1. Some power plants burn coal, which is extracted from mines. When the coal is burned, it combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, other gases, and heat. The heat turns liquid water into steam. The steam is used to generate electricity, which powers the homes and industries of people. Explain how a coal-burning power plant interacts with each of Earth's four systems. ANS: Answers may vary. The coal used by the plant comes from the lithosphere. The plant takes oxygen from the atmosphere and releases carbon dioxide and other gases into atmosphere. The water the plant uses is part of the hydrosphere. The people who use the electricity the plant produces are part of the biosphere. Compare and contrast each pair
of related terms or phrases.
3. independent variable,
dependent variable
4. scientific theory, scientific
law
ANS: Paleontologists study the remains of organisms that once lived on Earth. They also study ancient environments. 6. What is studied by Earth
scientists who specialize in tectonics?
7. What is meant by the
statement “technology is transferable”? Give an example to support the
statement.
8. What should you wear
during a science classroom investigation that involves pouring chemicals?
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Ch.2 Mapping our Earth
There is a mistake in the topographic map shown in the figure below. Identify the mistake and explain why it is wrong. ^TOP ANS: Two contour lines cross in the upper left part of the map. This is wrong because each contour line should represent one elevation. If two lines cross, it means that the point where they cross has two elevations, which is impossible. 2. Contrast the distortion that
is produced by a Mercator projection, a conic projection, and a gnomonic
projection.
3. Which of the remote-sensing
satellites discussed in Chapter 2 would be most likely to detect a large
fire burning on Earth's surface? Explain your reasoning.
Compare and contrast each pair
of related terms or phrases.
5. conic projection, gnomonic
projection
6. Landsat satellite, Topex/Poseidon
satellite
ANS: The boundaries are adjusted in local areas to avoid the confusion that would result if, for example, a city was split by a time zone. 8. Why does a Mercator
projection exaggerate the areas of landmasses near the poles?
9. Why do contour lines
never cross?
10. Why are map scales
useful?
11. How does the Topex/Poseidon
satellite collect data?
1. Look at the map of Australia. The table below lists the longitude and latitude for several locations in Australia. Complete by using the map to fill in the missing coordinates. ^TOP ANS: a. 25°S, b. 145°E, c. 115°E, d. 34°S 2. Point A is located at 40°N, 75°W. Point B is located at 35°N, 120°W. When it's 10 P.M. at point A, what time is it likely to be at point B? ANS: The difference in longitude between points A and B = 120° - 75° = 45°. Each time zone represents 1 hour and is roughly 15° wide; 45° ¸ 15° = 3 time zones or 3 hours separating points A and B. Point A is east of point B, so it is 3 hours ahead of point B. Therefore, it is likely to be 7 P.M. at point B. 3. A mapmaker has given
you a map to complete. The map already has a graphic scale and a verbal
scale. The verbal scale reads, "One centimeter equals 40 kilometers." The
mapmaker wants you to add the correct fractional scale. What should you
write? Show your reasoning.
4. The distance from Earth to Mars ranges between 78 000 000 km and 380 000 000 km, depending on the time of year. What are the advantages of using a satellite for this project instead of sending a team of astronauts to Mars to map the surface? ANS: Answers may vary. Space flight is dangerous, and the astronauts would be risking their lives to travel to a planet that humans have not visited. It would be much more expensive to send humans to Mars and bring them back than it is to send a satellite and leave it in orbit. A satellite can collect more data more quickly while in orbit than people could on the surface. Accept all reasonable answers. 5. This map was prepared from
data collected by the Mars Global Surveyor. The dashed lines on the map
surround the base of the Martian volcano Olympus Mons.
7. The circumference of Mars is 21 200 km. What is the approximate distance of each degree of latitude on Mars? ANS: 21 200 km ¸ 360° = 58.9 km/° 8. How far does the base of Olympus
Mons stretch from north to south? (Hint: Use your answer from question
5 to convert degrees to kilometers.)
9. Can you estimate how far the
base of Olympus Mons stretches from east to west with the same accuracy?
Explain why or why not.
10. The top of Olympus Mons is
the highest point on Mars. It is 27 km above the average elevation on Mars.
(Because Mars has no oceans, its elevations cannot be defined with respect
to sea level.) By comparison, the highest point on Earth, Mt. Everest,
is 8850 m above sea level. How many times higher than Mt. Everest is Olympus
Mons?
^TOP
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Ch.5. What is Bowen’s Reaction
Series and what relationship does it explain?
Ch.2. Give an example of a remote sensing satellite that uses active sensors, and one that uses passive sensors and contrast how these work and what information they report. Ch.4. How do minerals form (give 2 ways) and which are most common in Earth’s crust? Ch.11. Describe the importance of water vapor in the atmosphere. Ch.12. What is Doppler radar, and what is it used for? Ch.13. Describe the life cycle of a thunderstorm. Ch.13. Compare and contrast tornadoes and hurricanes. Ch.1. Does your area (identify your township: i.e. Arlington, Great Falls, etc.) contribute to a “Heat Island Effect” on local weather near you? Explain what the “heat island effect” is. |
^TOP
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