There
is hardware that you can see and touch like:
+
The Monitor that contains the screen where the information is displayed,
+
The Console unit (this device has several names like: the computer, or CPU
(Central Processing Unit) or system unit), The console comes in different shapes like tower, desktop, laptop, or
notebook
+
The keyboard where you input data
+
The mouse where you control the computer,
+
The speakers where you hear,
+
The printer where you make a copy on paper,
+
The scanner where you make a copy of a photograph or text,
+ The floppy disk, and the CD where you store
information,
COMPUTER CONSOLE HARDWARE
A
permanent storage device inside your computer for holding software programs
like Windows and your application programs, also for saving files you create.
It is usually identified as the “C” drive. NOTE: It is important to
distinguish between storage and memory. Storage is permanent and memory is
temporary. Memory only works when the compute is turned on. It is empty when
the computer is off. Memory is referred to as RAM.
The
floppy disk drive is where you insert the floppy disk. Commonly called the “A”
drive
This
refers to the 3 1/2 inch floppy diskette. A permanent storage device that is
portable. Floppy disks are inserted into the (A) drive slot on the front of
your console
The
sliding metal part goes in first, and the little round wheel of the disk goes
down.
This
is temporary memory on a computer. When doing work on your computer RAM stores
the Windows operating software, and the applications software that allow you to
do work. When you prepare a document on your computer RAM temporarily stores
that document in its work area. When
you turn off the computer all that is in RAM is lost. As an example RAM also stores your word processing software (like
MicroSoft Word) until you turn off the computer. The main permanent storage
unit for you all your applications software is on the hard drive.
For
holding either a CD/R disk (Compact Disk/Read Only Memory) or a CD/RW disk.
(compact disk/read write)
Commonly
called the “D” drive. Most computer
software now comes on a CD/R disk.
For holding a DVD disk (Digital Video Device). A DVD disk can hold text, music, and video data. If your computer has a DVD drive you can play DVD movies on your computer monitor
POWER SUPPLY
This
is the how the different components inside the computer cover get their proper
power. Different devices inside the computer require different voltages, and
the computer power supply provides those. In addition there is usually a fan
inside the computer cover to cool the computer components.
PORTS
Computers
have many ports for connecting external equipment like printers, scanners,
speakers, modems, and network cables. They are frequently on the back of the
console. The USB ports are of particular importance because they are called
plug and play ports where you can plug in equipment and the systems software
immediately recognizes them. A fairly new device that can be added to your
computer console is the USB Flash Drive where you can add instant storage to
you computer. They come in sized from 64 MB to 3 GBs and can be used as a
backup for your hard drive.
HUBS
Many
computers have only two or three USB ports, and many times they are in the back
of the console. Therefore it is
frequently necessary to add a USB Hub device to expand the USB ports and to
make it more convenient to access the USB ports. Most USB Hubs provide 4
additional USB ports so that additional equipment can be added to your computer
console, and can be added from the top of your computer desk. Active hubs are
the most desirable because they will provide power to the devices that are
plugged into the hub.
EXTERNAL
HARDWARE
As
mentioned above an Active USB hub is a handy piece of external hardware, but
there are many others such as digital cameras, digital camera card readers, CD
burners, cable networking devices, wireless networking devices, DSL modems,
cable modems, etc.
HARDWARE
CATEGORIES
COMPUTER HARDWARE IS DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES:
Keyboard,
mouse, scanner, and CD/ROM drive. Input
devices produce data in the form of digits. (Zeros and ones we will talk about
this later)
Contained
inside the Console cover, called the microprocessor. Example: Pentium III,
Pentium IV Celeron, or Athlon. The microprocessor largely determines the speed
that a computer can process data.
Monitor, printer, speakers, and CD Burner
Floppy
disk and floppy disk drive, Hard Drive, Compact Disk (CD’s), DVD Disks (digital
video device), USB Flash Drive, Zip drives, etc
Modem
boards, printer boards, and network boards, DSL modems and broadband
modems. Some communication devices are
inside the console cover, but they can be external and added as an after market
device.
To
do the next few exercises it will be necessary to start your computer
Starting
your computer is a two-step process as follows:
1.
First
turn on the Monitor by pushing the power button on the front,
2.
Then
push the power button on the front of the console. The console is frequently
called “the computer”
The
monitor should be turned on first so you can see what is going on.
When you start your computer the Windows systems software
will display your DESKTOP on your monitor screen with some of your applications
software icons displayed
One
of the important tasks that the Window systems software does when you turn
on (start) your computer is to display
desktop icons on your computer screen. The icons can either be permanent or
shortcuts. Permanent icons come with Windows.
Any applications package can be made into a shortcut icon on your
desktop. Short cut icons are identified by a little arrow in the lower left
corner of the icon. Short cut icons allow you to start applications software
directly from your desktop. We will cover Windows systems software later in
this document.
(Please
see Exhibit A attached)
The icons on a desktop will vary a lot with different computers. We will explore some of the most common icons. You will find out later that icons can be added and deleted from your desktop.
Lets
you look at everything that is on computer
A
Folder that is the default storage location for files (documents) created with
your applications programs
A
place to temporarily store deleted icons. Anything placed in the Recycle Bin
will stay there until you empty it.
This
icon represents the Microsoft Word word processing software. This icon looks
like a Childs building block with a W on it
Internet
Explorer.
This
Icon represents your Internet browser software. It looks like a lower case e
Short
Cut to 31/2 Floppy A:
It
lets you look at the contents of what is on the floppy disk that us currently
in the A drive.
Other Shortcut icons
There
will be other icons that are shortcuts to many other applications software.
Every computer desktop is different to some extent except at Shell Point where
we have fixed the computers to be all the same.
The
Task Bar is at the bottom of your desktop.
The big button on the task bar is the “Start” button. Clicking on the Start button opens the
master menu where you can select almost any software package that is on your
hard drive by putting your mouse arrow on “Programs”. The pop-up menu also contains the “Shut Down” button for properly
shutting down your computer console. The
Task Bar also contains information about the programs that are active on your
desktop. The “Show Desktop” icon appears on Task bar and provides a quick way
to get back to your Desktop.
HARDWARE
CONTINUED
THE
KEYBOARD AS AN INPUT DEVICE
There are many keys on a computer keyboard that are
used to make the computer do something for you. These are in addition to those
keys that type in words and numbers.
Enter Key.
The
Enter key is on the right side of the main keyboard and also on the right side
of the number pad. It is used
frequently to make the computer go to the next operation. I call it the Go key.
When doing word processing the pecking the Enter key will start a new paragraph.
NOTE: THE ENTER KEY SHOULD NOT BE USED TO START A NEW LINE. WHEN DOING WORD
PROCESSING. WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE AUTOMATICALLY STARTS A NEW LINE WHEN IT
GETS TO THE END OF A LINE AND CANT FIT THE NEXT WORD COMPLETELY ON THE LINE.
THAT IS CALLED “AUTOMATIC LINE FOLDING”.
A key
that is in the upper right corner of the main keyboard that is used to erase
the character to the left of the cursor.
It has an arrow on the top like so
ß
A
key that is in between the main keyboard and the number pad. It is use to erase
the character to the right of the cursor.
There
are four arrow keys located on the lower right side of the keyboard that is
used to move the cursor around inside the text area. They are also used to
scroll the Internet screens up and down.
A
key that is in the lower left corner of the main keyboard that is used to do
special operations.
A
key that is in the upper left corner of the keyboard that is used to do special
operations as follows. Hold the Ctrl
key down and without releasing it peck the Esc key. This will display the Start menu. This key will also clear the
screen of any menus. The Microsoft Flag key does the same thing. We will use it
later in this exercise
Used
to capitalize letters and to get the symbols on the number keys and other keys
that have a symbol
Used
to make all the letters in capital format
Used
to jump 5 spaces in your word processing document, or jump to the next field
when filling out a form or a computer dialog box.
This
is the long key at the bottom of the mail keyboard. It is used to make a space
in your document at the end of each word.
There
are two Microsoft flag keys, one on each side to the space key. They open the
main menu. THE MICROSOFT FLAG KEYS CAN BE USED TO OPEN THE MASTER MENU INSTEAD
OF CLICKING ON THE MASTER START BUTTON ON THE LOWER LEFT OF THE SCREEN.
Used
in combination with other keys to perform some operation.
In
some word processors, pecking the Insert Key can put you in “overtype” mode.
Pecking the Insert Key will return you to the “insert” mode. You will normally
want the insert mode. When in overtype mode, what you type will wipe out any
existing text that gets in the way.
These
keys at the top of the keyboard are used mostly to initiate powerful commands.
Not used much any more.
The touch pad
On laptop (notebook) computers there is a square surface below the keyboard called a touch pad. This is used in the place of the mouse. It has a surface where you can put you index finger and move it around and the arrow on the screen will move in response to you finger movements. Many people prefer the touch pad to the mouse and visa versa.
HARDWARE CONTINUED
The
mouse appears on the Desktop screen as either an arrow. On a word processing
screen as either an arrow or an I-beam depending on what part of the screen it
is located. If it is out of a text area it appears as an arrow. If it is in a
text area it appears as an I-beam. On Internet browser software the mouse may
appear as an arrow or a pointing hand.
IMPORTANT!
SHOW THE PROPER WAY TO HOLD A MOUSE
POINT
Pointing
is sliding the tip of the mouse arrow over an icon or other kind of a button on
the screen that you might want to select or choose.
SINGLE
LEFT CLICK
You
will place the mouse arrow tip over the desired icon or button, then press down
and let up on the left mouse button with your index finger.
This
is usually done to select something like a menu to be used later.
SINGLE
RIGHT CLICK
You
will place the mouse arrow tip over the desired icon or button, then press down
and let up on the right mouse button with you middle finger. This will always
give you a menu if done properly
The
response to right clicking is sometimes slow.
DOUBLE
CLICK
You
will place the mouse arrow tip over the desired icon or button, then apply two
quick pecks with your index finger on the left mouse button
This
is usually done to open application software. It takes a lot of skill to
properly double click. I recommend that older people avoid double clicking
DRAG
Drag
Means to put the mouse arrow on a scroll bar or icon, and then press and hold
the left button down, and while holding the button down, move the mouse. The scroll or icon on the screen will move
to a new location.
You
can also drag across text to highlight the text.
DRAG
AND DROP
First
put the tip of the mouse arrow on a scroll bar or icon. Then press and hold the left button down,
and while holding the button down, move the mouse. The scroll bar or icon on the screen will move to a new
location. When you get to the location
desired, lift up you finger from the mouse button. That will drop whatever you are dragging..
IMPORTANT
NOTICE
IT
IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT CLICKING A MOUSE BUTTON IS A TWO STEP PROCESS, MADE
UP OF PRESSING DOWN AND LETTING UP. IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT NOT TO MOVE THE MOUSE
WHILE YOU ARE DOING THIS OPERATION
ALSO
IT IS IMPORTANT TO PUT THE MOUSE ARROW TIP ON THE ICON OR WORD
BEFORE YOU CLICK
Software
is the programmed Instructions that drive the computer. Humans develop most software; therefore,
software frequently has problems that are called bugs.
There are two basic kinds of software identified as:
1) Systems software and
2) Applications software.
Systems software such as Windows controls the computer. Applications software does a specific job for a user like word processing. MicroSoft Word is an example of word processing software. Microsoft Paint is used to handle graphics.
There
are several ways to start programs on in Windows as follows: For now we are
only going to learn one way: using the mouse and the Enter key.
USING THE MOUSE AND THE
ENTER KEY You
must first turn on the monitor and computer console using the power buttons for
each device. Instructions for this are cover above.
There
will be icons appearing on the screen (desktop)
Move
the mouse arrow (called pointing) over the icon of the program you want to
start.
Single
left click on the icon, and then peck the Enter key.
USING
THE MOUSE to RIGHT CLICK
We
will use this method of starting (opening) a program later in this workshop
Using
the mouse, single right click on the icon of the program that you want to open
(start), and then left click on “open” (this is probably the easiest)
Document
The
process of creating text on a word processor is called word processing . When a
document is saved to a computer storage device then it becomes a File
The
process of starting a unique new document is called new. When you open (start) a word processing
program it comes up in the “New” mode with a blank screen ready for you to
start typing in text
Files
are saved documents, and are usually created by humans typing text into the
computer screen using word processing software. Software is sometimes called a program. A picture can also be a
file and is created with computer graphics software.
Commands
are operations the computer will perform for you. Examples are Save As, Save,
Open, and Print. With Windows you can
select a command by clicking an icon with the mouse on the Tool Bar, or click
on File on the Menu bar.
The
process of writing the contents of a document from RAM to a storage unit like a
floppy disk or hard drive.
Use
this command when saving a document from RAM
to a floppy or hard drive for the first time.
Save
As is also used when changing the name of an exiting file or document. Finally,
Save As is used when saving a document from one type or storage to another,
like from a floppy disk to your hard drive or visa versa.
Printing
is the process of making a paper copy of your document (file).
Open
is the process of reading an existing file already saved on your floppy or hard
drive, and displaying it onto your desktop (screen), so you can work on it.
Open
also means to start a program. Open and start are sometimes used
interchangeably.
The
process of removing a part of your text from a document or file, and putting it
a special place in RAM called the “Clipboard”
The
process of copying a part of your text from a document or file, and putting it
a special place in RAM called the “Clipboard”. The copy process does not remove
the text from the document.
The
process of pasting a part of a document (or file) from Clipboard that you have
either cut or copied from a document to another part of the same document or to
another document.
The
process of making a word, sentence, or entire document in bold face
The
process of making a word, sentence, or entire document underlined
The
process of centering text on the computer screen
The
process of closing a document on the computer screen
The
process of exiting or removing software from Memory (RAM) the random access
memory of the computer
Getting
a floppy disk ready to have files (documents) saved to it. You can format a
disk by right clicking on the 31/2 floppy icon
This
is when you make a copy of your master disk to a backup disk, so if something
happens to your master disk; you have not lost all the files that are saved on
the master disk.
The
contents of what you have typed into a computer applications program that you
can usually see on the screen of the monitor, and/or saved on a storage device
such as a floppy disk or hard drive.
Writing
is the process of saving a document (or file) to a floppy disk or hard disk.
This is what happens when you save your typed in text. It is called writing to
the disk storage unit
The
process of copying a file from a floppy disk or hard drive into an applications
program so you can work on it on the computer screen. It is called Reading from
the disk storage unit.
APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE
Word
Processing software is probably the most used of the applications software.
With
Word Processing software you can produce documents (files) that at one time was
produced on a typewriter. The BIG
advantage of a word processor is that it is easy to make changes without using
up lots of paper and/or white out.
EXAMPLES
OF APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE.
WORDPAD
or NOTEPAD
Are
simple text editor (simple word processor) software packages included in
Windows
WORD
(MICROSOFT WORD)
Microsoft
Word is a word processing application software that is a powerful and complex.
PAINT
Paint
is a simple graphics software package included in Windows
EXCEL
(MICROSOFT EXCEL)
Application
software that is a powerful spreadsheet. A Spreadsheet is an inventory matrix
where both the rows and columns can be manipulated with numbers and algebraic
equations.
ACCESS
(MICROSOFT ACCESS)
MicroSoft
Access is an application software package that is a powerful database. A
database is a line item inventory system. A telephone directory is a good
example of a data base.
WORKS
(MICROSOFT WORKS)
An
integrated application software package that includes a word processing
program, a database program, a spread sheet program, a drawing program, and a
communication program. It frequently comes free with new computers.
All
applications software has a main screen.
On this main screen are normally a Title Bar, a Menu Bar, a Tool Bar and
a Task bar, and a text area where you prepare your document. Each of these is described below.
Please
see EXHIBIT B ATTACHED
TITLE
BAR
Located
at the very top of the main screen and contains the title of the software and
document.
MENU
BAR
The
Menu bar is located at the top of the main screen. It shows a series of
commands that can be started with a click.
TOOL
BAR
A
series of icons located below the menu bar. The icons can be clicked to start
commands.
RULER
Shows
the right and left margins of the screen
TEXT
AREA
This
is where you type in your document.
STATUS
BAR
A
bar above the Task bar that tells you where you are on your document.
TASK
BAR
A
bar at the bottom of your main screen listing the programs that are active on
your desktop.
VERTICAL
SCROLL BAR
Makes
the screen go up and down when there is more than one screen full
HORIZONTAL
SCROLL BAR
Makes
the screen go back and forth if the text is wider than the screen
SCREEN PRESENTATIONS AND MOUSE APPEARANCES.
THE MOUSE APPEARANCE.
The
mouse appears on the screen either as an arrow, a beam, or a pointing hand
depending on where it is.
On
the desktop and outside of the work area the mouse appears as an arrow. Within text the mouse appears as a
beam. During an Internet session the
mouse can appear as a pointing hand when it crosses an Internet link.
The
cursor is a short blinking vertical line that appears on the screen in a word
processing document in the text area. . It is a place setter. When you type a
character on the screen, it will move the cursor one position to the right.
. The mouse can move the cursor within
the text. The arrow keys can move the cursor around within the text. The cursor cannot be removed from the
screen, but it can get lost.
When
you peck the Backspace key it deletes the character to the left of the
cursor. When you peck the Delete key it
removes the character to the right
The
horizontal scroll bar is used the move the screen back and forth horizontally.
Putting
the mouse arrow on the scroll bar and dragging will move the scroll bars.
On
certain screens especially on web sites there can be more than one vertical
scroll bar.
On
screens where there is more than one scroll bar, the scroll bars divide the
screen into Frames.
VIEWS
Clicking
on “View” in the Menu Bar will allow you to change the presentation of the Word
screen.
Clicking
on “View”, and clicking on “Normal” will give you a normal screen presentation.
Clicking
on “View” and clicking on “Tool Bars” and selecting “Standard” and “Formatting”
by clicking on them to turn them on you will get the best screen to work with
Clicking
on “Insert” in the Menu Bar will allow you to put page numbers on your
document.
Clicking
on “Format” in the Menu Bar and then clicking on “Paragraph” will allow you to
change the margins on your document, change the spacing, and other document
characteristics.
MENUS
Menus
are used to initiate some kind of an action such as saving a document,
formatting a floppy disk, or copying the contents from one floppy disk to
another.
Menus
can be opened using a single left click or right click of the mouse.
NOTE:
Menus may have an extension that is represented by >>. If you click on the >> the menu will
be extended and offer additional possibilities.
EXAMPLES:
When
you left click on the File button on your Menu Bar on Microsoft Word, you get
another kind of menu that allows you to save a document you have just typed.
Or
When
you right click on your 3 ½ floppy icon you get a menu that allows you to do
something to your floppy disk, like formatting or copying.
Dialog
boxes are used to accomplish an activity such as adding a label name when
formatting a floppy disk.
Dialog
boxes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and types such as:
Text
boxes
Regular
list boxes
Drop-down
list boxes
*
Text boxes contain a field that is waiting for you to fill out.
*
Regular list boxes show a list of things you can choose.
*
Drop-down list boxes contain a list of things that are too long to get into a
regular list box so you have to scroll down to see all the choices.
EXAMPLE:
The
“SAVE AS” dialog box is a good example of a dialog box that has several kinds
of dialogs inside of it
It
has a text box for you to put you file name.
It
has a “Save in” drop-down menu to allow you to choose the device where you want
to save your file. Like on a 3 ½ floppy, or on your hard drive (the c: drive)
It
has a “Save as type” drop-down menu to choose what type of a file you want to
save.
It
has a list of all the files that are already saved on the device you have
chosen in the “Save in” box.
Under
certain cases it is necessary to use a dropdown menu. These are usually initiated by clicking a little triangle at the
right end of a box.
EXAMPLE:
Click
the little down triangle at the right side of the fond size box. That will present to you a number of font
sizes. A similar thing will happen when you click little triangle at the right
side of the font box.
NOTE:
Some dropdown menus have extensions represented by >>. Click on the >> to see the extension.
It
is very important to shut down a PC properly; otherwise documents can be lost
or damaged.
There
is more than one-way to shut down properly but we are going to stick to one way
in the beginning as follows:
USING
THE MOUSE
Left
Click on the “Start” button in the extreme lower left corner of the screen on
the Taskbar. A new menu will appear.
Left
Click the Shut Down button on this menu. That will give you the “Shut Down
Windows” dialog box
Make
sure that the dialog box says “Shut down”
If so Left click on the “OK’ or YES button.
The
computer will automatically shut down, or there will be a message saying, “It’s
now safe to turn off your computer”
Sometimes
it takes a minute or two to shut down
SHUTTING DOWN USING THE
ARROW KEYS
BEFORE
YOU HAVE MASTERED THE MOUSE, there is another way to shutdown your computer.
There
is a group of four arrow keys located on the lower right of the main
keyboard. Please locate these keys.
Also
locate the control (Ctrl) key and the escape (Esc) key on the left side of the
main keyboard, and the Enter key on the right of the main keyboard. .
Hold
down the Ctrl key, and peck the Esc key
Or
Just
peck the Microsoft flag key if there is one.
This
will bring up a menu with various selection bars shown.
Using
the up arrow key shadow the “Shutdown” bar.
Peck the Enter key.
Your
computer will be shutdown.
Note:
You may also have to turn the power off on the console and the monitor.
RESTARTING YOUR
COMPUTER.
There
are times when you do not want to shut off your computer you just want to
restart it.
The procedure is the same as above until you get to
the “Shut down Windows” dialog box
When you get to the “Shut Down Windows” dialog box
left click on the little circle that says, “ Restart the computer?”, or press the down arrow once.
Then left click on the yes button, or press the
Enter key.
Your computer will now shut down and come right back
up.
REPOSITIONING
FRAMES ON YOUR SCREEN
Sometimes
the frames of dialog boxes get messed up on you monitor screen. They get so you
cannot see the whole thing. When this
happens it is necessary for you to move them back in the proper position. It is
easy to do this by putting the mouse arrow on the blank area of the Title Bar
and hold down the left mouse button and drag the frame back into a proper
position, and the let up on the left moue button. That’s called dragging and
dropping.
OPENING AND PLAYING
SOLITAIRE
OPENING
SOLITAIRE FROM THE DESKTOP
Some computers have a
Solitaire Icon on the desktop. If this is the case do as follows:
On your main desktop,
go up to the Solitaire Icon and single click.
Then peck the Enter
key. That should open the Solitaire program
CLOSING SOLITAIRE
To close the solitaire program, click on the X box
in the upper right corner of the program. I call these three boxes “The Three
Musketeers”
PUTTING SOLITAIRE TO SLEEP
To put the solitaire program to sleep, Click on the
_ box in the upper right corner of the program two spaces left from the X box.
I call these three boxes “The Three Musketeers”
OPENING
SOLITAIRE FROM THE MASTER START MENU
Notice the big Start
button at the lower left corner of the screen.
Single left click on
that Start button.
Without holding down
either mouse button, slide the arrow up to the All Programs. DON’T CLICK! A new
menu will pop up on the screen. Slide
your mouse arrow over the Games bar.
DON’T CLICK! Again a new menu
will pop up. Slide your mouse arrow over to the Solitaire bar and left click
Solitaire Options
Solitaire has options that can be selected. To do this,
click on “Game” in the upper left corner. You will get a drop down menu. Now
click on Options. You will get a dialog box. Here you can select “draw one” or
“draw three”, and you can also select what kind of “Scoring” you want. I like
draw one and standard scoring.
SOME COMPUTER LANGUAGE TIDBITS
REMEMBER COMPUTERS ONLY UNDERSTAND TWO THINGS: ZEROS AND ONES (0,1).
Humans understand letters, words and sentences, so
humans had to design a coding system to use the terrific speeds that computers
can work at. And so the American Standard Code for Information Interchange was
born.
ASCII is short for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange. This is a
world wide standard. All computers in
the world use this code.
ACCII is pronounced ask-key
So in ASCII
An upper case A is like so: 01000001
An upper case B is like so: 01000010
An upper case C is like so: 01000011
A lower case a is like so: 01100001
A lower case b is like so: 01100010
A space used at the end of each word is: 00100000
Note that all ASCII codes are 8 bits long, each 0 or
1 is called a bit. Binary digit. And an 8-bit code is called a byte. Sooo
KILOBYTES
Kilo means a thousand (1,000) or a thousand letters
or characters
MEGABYTES
Mega means a million (1,000,000) or a million
letters or characters
GIGABYTES
GIGA means a Billion (1,000,000,000)
REVIEWING THE ABOVE
A BYTE
A byte is a character like an upper case A or a
lower case a, or an upper case Z, or a lower case z, or a 1 or a 2, or a 3. All
of these are characters in computeze. Either an alphabetical character,
numerical character or a symbol like a % sign or &.
A BIT (BINARY DIGIT)
Is a zero or a one
It takes 8 bits (zeros or ones) to make a byte.
