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Technical Articles
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Pontiac 428 Rebuild
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| The
following related components are recommended when installing
GMPerformance Parts Corvette aluminum cylinder head assemblies: |
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| Part
Number Description |
12555269
Stamped steel rocker cover
10229162 Corvette screw-in oil filler cap
12342056 Chrome screw in oil cap w/GM logo
12338092 Valve cover hold-down bolts (8 required)
14094717 Hold-down bolt washers (8 required)
14088793 Hold-down bolt gaskets (8 required)
14088564 Neoprene rocker cover gasket
12557236 Composition head gasket, .051" thick
12495499 Head Bolt Kit
12495490 Rocker Arm Kit |
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12363287
LT4 Design Aluminum Cylinder Head
This aluminum LT4 design head is the same as the 1996 production
head except it has the LT1 rocker stud P/N 12552126 installed.
This head has light weight 2.00" intake and 1.55"
exhaust valves installed in this assembly. These heads can only
be used on 1992 and later LT1 and LT4 engines.
NOTE: This head assembly includes the following items, intake
valve P/N 12555331, exhaust valve P/N 12551313, valve spring
P/N 12551483, valve cap P/N 10212808, seal P/N 10212810, key
P/N 24503856, stud P/N 12552126, and shim P/N 10212809. |
| P/N |
DESC |
CSTNG
NUMBER |
MAT'L |
INTAKE
RUNNER VOLUME
(cc) |
COMB
CHAMBER VOLUME
(cc) |
VALVE
DIAMETER |
SPRK
PLUGS |
HEAT
RISERS |
NOTES |
| 12363287 |
LT4
SERVICE ONLY |
NA |
ALUM |
195 |
54.4 |
I:
2.00"
E: 1.55" |
Angled |
No |
For
LT1 or LT4 usage only |
| |
|
| MFG |
PN
|
DURATION |
LIFT (1.5) |
LIFT (1.6) |
LOBE |
NOTES |
| LGM |
N365 |
211 220 |
.492 .492 |
.525 .525 |
112 |
1500-6200 |
| LGM |
N365S |
220 220 |
.492 .492 |
.525 .525 |
112 |
1800-6400 |
| LGM |
N385 |
220 230 |
.480 .480 |
.512 .512 |
110 |
3000-6500 |
| LGM |
N385S |
220 230 |
.480 .480 |
.512 .512 |
112 |
3000-6500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| COMP |
08-304-8 |
210 220 |
.500 .510 |
.533 .544 |
114 |
|
| COMP |
08-206-8 |
230 244 |
.510 .540 |
.544 .576 |
114 |
heads, intake,
headers, evhaust |
| COMP |
CCA-215-224-14 |
215 224 |
.499 .499 |
.532 .532 |
114 |
2200-5700 |
| COMP |
CCA-220-230-14 |
220 230 |
.510 .510 |
.544 .544 |
114 |
2500-6000 |
| COMP/FIS |
|
215 224 |
.499 .499 |
.532 .532 |
112 |
custom FIS gind
blower |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-212-218-12 |
212 218 |
.488 .495 |
.521 .528 |
112 |
mild |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-218-224-12 |
218 224 |
.495 .503 |
.528 .537 |
112 |
A4 stk converter |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-224-230-12 |
224 230 |
.503 .510 |
.537 .544 |
112 |
1900-5600 gears |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-230-236-12 |
230 236 |
.510 .521 |
.544 556 |
112 |
2200-5800 hvy
mods |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-236-242-12 |
236 242 |
.521 .540 |
.556 .576 |
112 |
2500-6000 |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-204-218-14 |
206 218 |
.480 .495 |
.512 .528 |
114 |
Blower Nitrous |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-212-224-14 |
212 224 |
.485 .503 |
.519 .537 |
114 |
Blower Nitrous |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-218-230-14 |
218 230 |
.495 .510 |
.528 .544 |
114 |
Blower Nitrous |
| COMP extreme |
CCA-224-236-14 |
224 236 |
.503 .521 |
.537 .556 |
114 |
Blower Nitrous |
| TPIS |
700-134 |
212 236 |
.483 .520 |
.515 .555 |
112 |
ZZ9 for 93-96
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| TPIS |
700-142 |
212 226 |
.483 .520 |
.515 .555 |
112 |
ZZ9 for 95-97 |
| GM |
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|
.450 .450 |
.480 .460 |
|
93 LT1 STOCK |
| GM |
|
230 208 |
.450 .460 |
.480 .491 |
116 |
94-95 LT1 STOCK
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| GM |
|
205 207 |
.447 .459 |
.477 .490 |
117 |
96 LT1 STOCK |
| GM |
|
203 210 |
.446 .449 |
.476 .479 |
115 |
96 LT4 (STOCK |
| GMPP |
10185071 |
208 221 |
.474 .510 |
.506 .544 |
112 |
ZZ3 |
| GMPP |
24502586 |
218 226 |
.492 .492 |
.525 .525 |
112 |
LT4 HOT |
| GMPP (Crane) |
12370845 |
214 224 |
.488 .509 |
.521 .543 |
112 |
|
| GMPP (Crane) |
12370846 |
222 230 |
.509 .528 |
.543 .563 |
112 |
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| GMPP (Crane) |
12370847 |
232 242 |
.539 .558 |
.575 .595 |
112 |
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| GMPP (Crane) |
12370847 |
232 242 |
.539 .558 |
.575 .595 |
112 |
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| Crane |
19HR0064 |
198 206 |
.480 .480 |
.512 .512 |
112 |
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| Crane |
104124 |
214 220 |
.452 .465 |
.481 .496 |
112 |
2000-5500 |
| Crane |
104121 |
204 214 |
.429 .452 |
.458 .482 |
116 |
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| Crane |
104125 |
208 214 |
.438 .452 |
.467 .482 |
112 |
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| Crane |
109621 |
214 222 |
.489 .509 |
.520 .542 |
112 |
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| Crane |
104141 |
218 218 |
.498 .498 |
.531 .531 |
116 |
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| Crane |
10HR00013 |
214 222 |
.488 .509 |
.520 .543 |
112 |
|
| Crane |
10HR00017 |
214 218 |
.488 .498 |
.520 .531 |
114 |
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| Crane FIS |
|
215 224 |
.499 .499 |
.532 .532 |
112 |
Custom blower
grind |
| Crower |
LM-00402 |
219 227 |
.498 .518 |
.531 .553 |
108 |
|
| DRM |
|
222 230 |
.508 .528 |
.542 .563 |
108 |
|
| Lingenfelter |
74211 |
211 219 |
.499 .525 |
.530 .560 |
112 |
1600-5200 |
| Lingenfelter |
74216 |
213 219 |
.462 .471 |
.493 .502 |
112 |
1600-5200 |
| Lingenfelter |
74219 |
219 219 |
.525 .525 |
.560 .560 |
112 |
1600-6200 |
| Lunati |
50160 |
312-218 |
.446 .468 |
.475 .499 |
110 |
1500-5300 |
| Lunati |
50155 |
215 218 |
.489 .503 |
.522 .537 |
113 |
1500-5500 |
| Lunati |
50156 |
232 242 |
.510 525 |
.544 .560 |
108 |
2000-6500 |
| Lunati |
50162 |
242 252 |
.525 .540 |
.560 .576 |
108 |
2200-6800 |
| MTI |
|
210 220 |
.500 .510 |
.533 .544 |
114 |
|
| MTI |
|
230 244 |
.510 .540 |
.544 .576 |
112 |
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| General Information for Cam Selection |
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DURATION:
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| Duration
is the time the valve is open, and is measured in
crankshaft degrees. The duration can (and usually
is) different between the intake and the exhaust,
with the exhaust being open longer (more duration). |
| More duration
will move your powerband up. For instead, a 195 dgr
duration cam may have a power peak at 4500 rpm, where
a 250 dgr cam may have a power peak of 6500 rpm (number
grabbed out of the air, but should give a sense of
the numbers). Look for duration measured at 0.050
lift. That will give you a truer idea of the cam.
There's also 'advertised duration', recognized by
the very large numbers. You should concentrate on
the dur@050 numbers. When a cam is said to be a '205
dgr cam' it usually means 205 degrees @ 050 intake
duration. Exhaust may be more duration. This is because
the intake duration is more critical for how the motor
will run than the exhaust duration. |
| Stock
for the LT1 is in the 201-205 range intake (different
for different years). A stock car has a power peak
at 5000rpm. But other breathing mods such as porting
the heads can move the peak up even though the cam
remains unchanged.Increasing duration usually increases
peak hp, but decreases low end torque. It also increases
overlap (see the overlap section below). |
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LIFT:
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| The maximum amount (in inches) the
valves open. May (and often is) different between
intake and exhaust. Lift is generally a Good Thing.
More lift makes more torque and horsepower. What limits
valvelift is physical contact between valves and pistons
or contact between retainer and valveguide. With non-roller
camshafts (all LT1s have roller cams), high lift was
difficult. this is less of an issue with our roller
cams. |
| When increasing valvelift, the valvesprings
have to be checked to make sure they can take the
additional lift without binding. Stock lift is around
0.459" on the exhaust valve. Stock LT1 springs
get marginal around 0.490". Most aftermarket
cams will put you in the 0.520-0.535 range, and you
have to get better springs. |
| Only drawback to lift is that it tends
to make a torque curve peaky, i.e. increase midrange
while hurting upper and low rpm. This doesn't seem
to be too much of a problem on the LT1, though. Even
with very high valvelifts, the torque curve stays
remarkably flat. |
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LOBE SEPARATION
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| Lobe separation is the number of degrees
the intake and exhaust lobes are separated. More separation
decreases overlap (see overlap below). However, tighter
lobe separation makes more high-end hp. |
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LOBE CENTERLINE:
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| The relation between the camshaft
and the crankshaft. Nearly all street cams like to
be 4 degrees advanced. |
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OVERLAP:
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| This is the killer for street engines.
Overlap is the amount of degrees that the intake and
exhaust valves are open at the same time. Unburned
air/fuel mixture will be pushed through the cylinder
when both valves are open and straight out the exhaust.
This decreases mileage, increases emissions, and make
the engine run rough at low rpms. It also decreases
low-rpm torque, and hurts throttle response. |
| All cams have some amount of overlap.
Stock cams all try to keep the overlap low for the
above reasons. |
| More duration with no other changes
will increase overlap. One way of lowering overlap
after it's been increased by more duration is to increase
lobe separation. This is because moving the lobes
away from each other decreases the time they are open
simultaneously. |
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CAMSHAFT CHARACTERISTICS
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| RANGE
SELECTION |
RANGE
1
CAMS UP TO 195°
DURATION @ .050" |
RANGE
2
CAMS FROM 195°
- 214° DURATION
@ .050" |
RANGE
3
CAMS UP TO 215°
- 224° DURATION
@ .050" |
RANGE
4
CAMS FROM 225°
- 240° DURATION
@ .050" |
RANGE
5
CAMS FROM 241°
-272° DURATION
@ .050" |
| Idle
Quality |
Stock
idle quality. 18-20" of fld. vacuum. |
Smooth
idle quality. 16-18" of fld. vacuum |
Fair
idle with slight lope. Low Mfld. vacuum, may require
vacuum reserve tank. |
Choppy
idle characteristics Low Mfld. vacuum. Will not operate
power brakes. |
Very
rough idle. Low Mfld. vacuum. Will not operate power
brakes. |
| Power
Band |
Most
efficient from idle to 3,000 rpm |
Best
power band from 1,500 to 4,000 rpm |
Excellent
mid range throttle from 2,500 to 4,000 rpm. |
Excellent
top end power from 2,200 to 6,500 rpm. |
Best
power band from 3,200 to 7,500 rpm. |
| Torque
Band |
Excellent
low to mid range torque from 1,000 to 2,500 rpm |
Excellent
low to mid range torque from 1,500 to 3,500 rpm |
Excellent
mid to top end torque from 2,500 to 4,000 rpm |
Excellent
top end torque from 2,500 to 6,000 rpm |
Excellent
low to mid range torque from 3,500 to 7,000 rpm |
| Various
parts required when swapping the cam in a 4th Gen
F-Car |
| Part
desc |
MFG |
PN |
Qty |
| Water
pump gaskets |
GM |
10128343 |
2 |
| Intake
valve stem seals |
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|
8 |
| Exhaust
valve stem seals |
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|
8 |
| Intake
manifold gaskets |
Felpro |
MS95580 |
set of
2 |
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Felpro |
FEL-1284 |
set |
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GM |
12524653 |
set of
2 |
| Front
cover gasket
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GM |
10128293 |
1 |
| Front
cover seals (water pump drive) |
GM |
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| Front
cover seals (Opti drive) |
GM |
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| Front
cover seals (Crank hub) |
GM |
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| Head
Gaskets (Impala
SS) .____ thk |
GM |
12553160 |
set of
2 |
|
(LT1) .____ thk |
GM |
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(LT4) .____ thk |
GM |
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93-97 (LT1) .039 thk |
Felpro |
FEL-1074 |
2 |
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93-97 (LT1) .046 thk
Mr. Gasket Ulta Seal |
MRG |
5715 |
2 |
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93-97 (LT1) .026 thk
Mr. Gasket Ulta Seal |
MRG |
5716 |
2 |
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| Valve
cover gasket (stock
stamped valve covers) |
GM |
10046089 |
2 |
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LT4 composite valve cover |
GM |
10108625 |
2 |
| LT4 Hot
Cam Kit (cam, rockers, springs & retainers) |
GM |
1248002 |
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| Crane
valve springs (stock dia. - up to .60 lift) |
|
99846-16 |
set of
16 |
|
above uses stock retainers, lock & seats |
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| Crane
valve spring (larger dia. w/retainers, lock &
seats |
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10308-1 |
set |
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| LT4 timming
set |
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| Chain |
GM |
12555887 |
1 |
| Gear
1 |
GM |
12555885 |
1 |
| Gear
2 |
GM |
12555886 |
1 |
| LT4 Extreme
timming set |
GMPP |
12370835 |
1 |
|
(incompatable with 93-94 optispark) |
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| LT4 Extreme
timming set |
Cloyes |
9-3151 |
1 |
| 95-97
Optispark |
GM |
1104032 |
1 |
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| LT1 hyd.
roller lifters COMP CAMS factory replacement |
COMP |
850-16 |
set of
16 |
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"R" Series Hi-rev COMP CAMS |
COMP |
875-16 |
set of
16 |
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| While
your in there, how about replacing the push rods? |
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| Stock
lenght: 7.200 |
TRICK
FLOW |
TFS-21407200 |
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