AD HOMINEM - Latin for "to the man" - attacking the arguer and not the 
argument.  

ARGUMENT FROM AUTHORITY - (e.g., President Nixon should be re-
elected because he has a secret plan to end the war in SE Asia - but because it 
was secret, there was no way for the electorate to evaluate it on its merits; the 
argument amounted to trusting him because he was President: a mistake, as it 
turned out.

ARGUMENT FROM ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES (e.g., A God meting 
out punishment and reward must exist, because if He didn't, society would be 
much more loawoless and dangerouts.  Or...The defendant in a widely 
publicized murder tiral must be found guilty; otherwise, it will be an 
encouragement for other men to murdert their wives)

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE - the lcaim that whatever has not been proved 
false must be true and vice versa.There is no compelling evidence that UFOs 
are not visiting the Earth; therefore UFOs exits - and there is intelligent life 
elsewhere in the Universe.

BEGGING THE QUESTION, also called assuming the answer (e.g., We 
must institute the death penalty to discourage violent crime.  But does the 
violent crime rate in fact fall when the death penalty is imposed? 

OBSERVATIONAL SELECTION, also called the neumeration of facorable 
circumstances, or as the philospher Francis Bacon described it, counting the 
hits and forgetting the misses.

STATISTICS OF SMALL NUMBERS - a close relative of observational 
selection e.g., "They say 1 out of every 5 people is Chinese.  How is this 
possible?  I know hundreds of people, and none of them is Chinese"

NON SEQUITUR - Latin for "It doesn't follow" e.g., "Our nation will prevail 
because God is great.  But nearly every nation pretends this is true.

POST HOC, ERGO PROPTER HOC - Latin for "It happened after, so it 
was caused by.  e.g., "I iknow of a 26 year-ole who looks 60 because she 
takes contrace;tive pilss.  OR.."Before women got the vote, there were no 
nuclear weapons"

EXCLUDED MIDDLE or FALSE DICHOTOMY - considering only the 
two extremes in a continuum of intermediate possibilities.  Sure, take his side; 
my husband's perfect; I'm always wrong.  OR either you love your country 
or you hate it.  OR If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the 
problem.