LANCHDATE PAYLOAD REMARKS
May 15, 1987 POLYUS(*) Test flight
November 15, 1988 BURAN First flight of Soviet
space shuttle
(*)Polyus was a military payload (part of the USSR's response to SDI) which unfortunately failed to reach orbit, although that was no fault of Energia's. Because if the high thrust of the Energia, Polyus was in fact strapped to the side of the booster *upside down* (ie., it's own engines were pointed *forward*) in order to protect itself from the high acceleration. When Polyus separated from Energia and prepared to boost itself into high orbit it failed to turn around properly and promptly rocketed itself back into the atmosphere.
Thanks to Justin Wigg.