VIII. VARIATION IN TACTICS
1. Sun Tzu said:  In war, the general receives
    his commands from the sovereign, collects his army
    and concentrates his forces
2. When in difficult country, do not encamp.  In country
    where high roads intersect, join hands with your allies.
    Do not linger in dangerously isolated positions.
    In hemmed-in situations, you must resort to stratagem.
    In desperate position, you must fight.
3. There are roads which must not be followed,
    armies which must be not attacked, towns which must
    be besieged, positions which must not be contested,
    commands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed.
4. The general who thoroughly understands the advantages
    that accompany variation of tactics knows how to handle
    his troops.
5. The general who does not understand these, may be well
    acquainted with the configuration of the country, yet he
    will not be able to turn his knowledge to practical account.
6. So, the student of war who is unversed in the art
    of war of varying his plans, even though he be acquainted
    with the Five Advantages, will fail to make the best use
    of his men.
7. Hence in the wise leader's plans, considerations of
    advantage and of disadvantage will be blended together.
8. If our expectation of advantage be tempered in
    this way, we may succeed in accomplishing the essential
    part of our schemes.
9. If, on the other hand, in the midst of difficulties
    we are always ready to seize an advantage, we may extricate
    ourselves from misfortune.
10. Reduce the hostile chiefs by inflicting damage
    on them; and make trouble for them, and keep them
    constantly engaged; hold out specious allurements,
    and make them rush to any given point.
11. The art of war teaches us to rely not on the
    likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness
    to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking,
    but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable.
12. There are five dangerous faults which may affect
    a general:
    (1) Recklessness, which leads to destruction;
    (2) cowardice, which leads to capture;
    (3) a hasty temper, which can be provoked by insults;
    (4) a delicacy of honor which is sensitive to shame;
    (5) over-solicitude for his men, which exposes him
        to worry and trouble.
13. These are the five besetting sins of a general,
    ruinous to the conduct of war.
14. When an army is overthrown and its leader slain,
    the cause will surely be found among these five
    dangerous faults.  Let them be a subject of meditation.

IX.  THE ARMY ON THE MARCH
1. Sun Tzu said:  We come now to the question of
    encamping the army, and observing signs of the enemy.
    Pass quickly over mountains, and keep in the neighborhood
    of valleys.
2. Camp in high places, facing the sun.  Do not climb
    heights in order to fight.  So much for mountain warfare.
3. After crossing a river, you should get far away
    from it.
4. When an invading force crosses a river in its
    onward march, do not advance to meet it in mid- stream.
    It will be best to let half the army get across,
    and then deliver your attack.
5. If you are anxious to fight, you should not go
    to meet the invader near a river which he has to cross.
6. Moor your craft higher up than the enemy, and facing
    the sun.  Do not move up-stream to meet the enemy.
    So much for river warfare.
7. In crossing salt-marshes, your sole concern
    should be to get over them quickly, without any delay.