Topic: Individual Impacts on the Environment (How you can make a positive difference)

1) "Far and away the best battery choice - economically and environmentally - is a rechargeable alkaline battery, several major brands of which are now on the market," says Environmental Defense Scientist Richard Denison. "You get dozens of uses out of the same basic type of battery you've used for years, and avoid the disposal problems associated with toxic metals present in other rechargeable battery types, especially nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries. Of course, any rechargeable is environmentally preferable - and will also save you money - compared to a single-use disposable battery, and rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries (NiMHs) or NiCds are needed or perform better in some applications."
-This basically is an example of a consumer impact, where you can not only save money, but help the environment as well…
2) Additional energy savings associated with recycling accrue in the manufacturing process itself, since the materials have already undergone processing. Recycling in Pennsylvania in 2004 saved over 66 trillion BTUs of energy, enough to power 643,000 houses.
Recycling paper cuts energy usage in half. Every pound of steel recycled saves 5,450 BTUs of energy, enough to light a 60-watt bulb for over 26 hours. Recycling a ton of glass saves the equivalent of nine gallons of fuel oil. Recycling used aluminum cans requires only about five percent of the energy needed to produce aluminum from bauxite. Recycling just one can saves enough electricity to light a 100-watt bulb for 3½ hours.
(Penn. EPA)
-This basically talks about the energy saved by using recycled materials instead of virgin/newly manufactured materials…
3) Recycling Means Business in Pennsylvania
Recycling and Reuse Establishments - 3,247
Recycling and Reuse Employment - 81,322 jobs
Annual Sales Receipts - $18.4 billion
Annual Payroll - $2.9 billion
(Penn. EPA)
-This shows the impact that recycling can have in an individual state like Penn… Imagine the possibilities of having such programs in every state… (avg. pay of $35660.71)
*Details*
Recycling Adds Value to Pennsylvania's Economy
Collection and processing, the first step in the recycling process, involves sorting and aggregating recyclable materials. It includes municipal and private collectors, material recovery and composting facilities, and recyclable material wholesalers. These activities employ nearly 10,000 people in Pennsylvania, with a payroll of $284 million and annual sales of $2.3 billion.
Recycling manufacturing involves the actual conversion of recyclables into products. The primary recycling manufacturers in Pennsylvania in order of magnitude are steel mills, plastic converters, paper and paperboard mills, and nonferrous metal manufacturers. Recycling manufacturing employs over 64,000 people with a payroll of almost $2.5 billion and annual sales of over $15.5 billion.
Reuse and remanufacturing focuses on the refurbishing and repair of products to be reused in their original form. The largest activities are retail sales of used merchandise and reuse of used motor vehicle parts. The amount of value that can be added via this process is limited because of competition from new products. Nevertheless, reuse and manufacturing contributes over 7,000 jobs, a payroll of $115 million and sales of over a half billion dollars.
4)Incandescent CFL Lumens Cost Savings
($.10/kWh) Cost Savings
($.20/kWh) CO2 Savings
40W 11-14W > 490 $39-$44 $78-$88 507-572 lbs.
60W 15-19W > 900 $62-$68 $124-$136 806-884 lbs.
75W 20-25W > 1,200 $76-$83 $152-$166 988-1,079 lbs.
100W 26-29W > 1,750 $107-$112 $214-$224 1,391-1,456 lbs
150W 38-42W > 2,600 $163-$169 $326-$338 2,119-2,197 lbs.
-This shows the average energy savings per lightbulb of CFL vs. Incandescent

Debate
Affirmative

“Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms…without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status...no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.” It is because I agree with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that certain inalienable rights are guaranteed to ALL people, that I must affirm today’s resolution,

Resolved: “A just government should provide health care to its citizens”

In order to clarify today’s debate I offer the following definitions from the Merriam-Webster Dictionary of law.

Should - expresses what is mandatory
Provide - to supply or make available
Care – to maintain and/or be concerned about
Citizens - a person who owes allegiance to a government and is entitled to protection, rights, and privileges from it

The paramount value in today’s round is that of a Just Government. A Just Government is the highest priority in this round because the resolution is centered on the concept of a “just government” and whether or not it “should provide health care.” According to Locke’s Social Contract theory, the only way to define a “just government,” is by looking at its obligations towards its people, including their human rights of “life, liberty, and property.” Thus, a government is only just when it provides for ALL human rights and does not violate them on arbitrary whim.

The best criterion to measure my value is (criterion). (Criterion) is the best weighing mechanism for this round because (tell me why!)



My case has (number of contentions) contentions. They are:
C1: (insert tag line)
C2: (insert tag line)

Moving on to my first contentions: (insert tag line).

I would like to offer a pre-case observation concerning the exact meaning of health care. Health is defined by the World Health Organization as “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity…” It continues, saying that health “…is a fundamental human right and that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important world-wide social goal…” Thus, according to WHO, the maintance of health is a fundamental human right and out to be protected as such.


This leads me to my second contention: (insert tag line).



In conclusion, (insert taglines of both contentions). (Insert explanation tying contentions into value and criterion). It is for these reasons I must urge an affirmative ballot. I now stand open for cross-examination or points of clarification.

AHHHH
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