Basic Facts

• Official name: Russian Federation
• Capital: Moscow
• Area: 17,075,200 sq km

People

• Population: 144,526,280 (2003 estimate)
• Population growth rate: -0.30 percent (2003 estimate)
• Projected population in 2025: 135,951,626 (2025 estimate)
• Projected population in 2050: 118,233,243 (2050 estimate)

Population density

• 8.5 persons per sq km (2003 estimate)
• 22 persons per sq mi (2003 estimate)

Urban/rural distribution

• Share urban 73 percent (2001 estimate)
• Share rural 27 percent (2001 estimate)
• Largest cities, with population
• Moscow 8,297,900 (1999 estimate)
• St. Petersburg 4,695,400 (1999 estimate)
• Nizhniy Novgorod 1,361,500 (1999 estimate)
• Ufa 1,086,600 (1999 estimate)
• Omsk 1,157,600 (1999 estimate)

Ethnic groups

• Russian 81.5 percent
• Tatar 3.8 percent
• Ukrainian 3.0 percent
• Chuvash 1.2 percent
• Bashkir 0.9 percent
• Belarusian, Udmurt, Kazakh, Moldovan, Jewish, other 9.6 percent

Languages

• Russian (official), Tatar, Ukrainian, Chuvash, Bashkir, Mordovian, Belarusian, and others
• Religious affiliations
• Orthodox (Russian) Christian 52 percent
• Muslim 8 percent
• Atheist 5 percent
• Nonreligious 28 percent
• Other 7 percent

Health and Education

Life expectancy

• Total 67.7 years (2003 estimate)
• Female 73.1 years (2003 estimate)
• Male 62.5 years (2003 estimate)
• Infant mortality rate 20 deaths per 1,000 live births (2003 estimate)
• Population per physician 243 people (1999)
• Population per hospital bed 83 people (1997)

Literacy rate

• Total 99.6 percent (2003 estimate)
• Female 99.5 percent (2003 estimate)
• Male 99.7 percent (2003 estimate)
• Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.7 percent (1999-2000)
• Number of years of compulsory schooling 10 years (2000)
• Number of students per teacher, primary school 19 students per teacher (1999-2000)

Government

• Form of government Federal republic
• Head of state President
• Head of government Prime minister
• Legislature Bicameral legislature (Federal Assembly)
• Council of the Federation: 178 members
• State Duma: 450 members
• Voting qualifications Universal at age 18
• Constitution 12 December 1993
• Highest court Constitutional Court
• Armed forces Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Strategic Rocket Force
• Total number of military personnel 988,100 (2001)
• Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) 5 percent (2000)
• First-level political divisions 21 republics, 6 krays (territories), 10 okrugs (national areas), 49 oblasts (districts), 1 autonomous region, and 2 cities with federal status

Economy

• Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) $310 billion (2001)
• GDP per capita (U.S.$) $2,140 (2001)
• GDP by economic sector
• Agriculture, forestry, fishing 6.8 percent (2001)
• Industry 37.3 percent (2001)
• Services 55.9 percent (2001)

Employment

• Number of workers 77,616,022 (2001)
• Workforce share of economic sector
• Agriculture, forestry, fishing 12 percent (1999)
• Industry 29 percent (1999)
• Services 59 percent (1999)
• Unemployment rate 11.4 percent (2000)
• National budget (U.S.$)
• Total revenue $63,831 million (2000)
• Total expenditure $59,453 million (2000)

Monetary Unit

• 1 ruble (R), consisting of 100 kopeks

Agriculture

• Grain, potatoes, livestock, sugar beets
• Mining
• Petroleum, natural gas, coal, peat, copper, iron ore, bauxite, lead, phosphate rock, nickel, manganese, gold, diamonds
• Manufacturing
• Mining equipment, machinery (including agricultural equipment), transportation equipment (including aircraft, space vehicles, and ships), communications equipment, electric power-generating and -transmitting equipment, medical and scientific instruments,

Major exports

• Petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, military manufactures, consumer goods

Major imports

• Machinery, chemicals, consumer goods, grain, meat, sugar, semifinished metal products
• Major trade partners for exports
• Germany, United States, Italy, Belarus, and China
• Major trade partners for imports
• Germany, Belarus, Ukraine, United States, and Kazakhstan
• Energy, Communications, and Transportation

Electricity production

• Electricity from thermal sources 64.34 percent (2001 estimate)
• Electricity from hydroelectric sources 20.49 percent (2001 estimate)
• Electricity from nuclear sources 14.81 percent (2001 estimate)
• Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources 0.36 percent (2001 estimate)
• Number of radios per 1,000 people 417 (1997)
• Number of telephones per 1,000 people 243 (2001)
• Number of televisions per 1,000 people 422 (1998 estimate)
• Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people 24 (2001)
• Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people 105 (1996)
• Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people 153 (1997)
• Paved road as a share of total roads 67 percent (1999)