BUFFs

    The first panel shows NB-52A 52-0003 which was used by NASA for many drop tests, but is usually best remembered as the X-15 "Mother ship". (NASA)
This aircraft was stored at MASDC (now AMARG) for many years before being placed on display at the Pima Air & Space Museum. The second photo is of -003 at MASDC in 1978 and the third shows her on display at Pima in 2005.
    The second panel shows drop markings, photo resolution panel and camera mods.
    The final panel shows the X-15 cradle and a notch in the right wing to allow for the tail of the X-15.

A couple of X-15 photos to accompany the above photos. 56-6671 is an X-15A-2 on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. The aircraft labeled as 56-6672 is actually a full scale mock up on display at the NASA Dryden Center located at Edwards AFB. The actual 6672 was destroyed in a fatal crash in 1967.

B-52B 52-0005 on display at the Wings Over The Rockies air museum in June, 2005 and in August, 2008.
NB-52B 52-0008 at Edwards AFB. This was the replacement for -0003 and itself was only recently replaced with a B-52H. (unknown)
RB-52B 52-0013 at the National Atomic Museum, Kirtland AFB, 2000. This airplane had served with the Air Force Special Weapons Facility for many years. In April of 2009 the museum moved to a new location just off base and became the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History. Moving the outside exhibit is a major effort and as of late April the B-52 was still awaiting re-assembly.
RB-52B 52-8711 at the old SAC Museum, Bellevue NE, 1992. When this photo was taken in August, 2007 the aircraft had been moved inside at the new Strategic Air & Space Museum in Ashland, Nebraska where she is finally receiving some well earned TLC. At one time she was repainted in a spurious SIOP scheme, which still shows through the top color.

B-52B 53-380 ("Ciudad Juarez") of the 95th BW. This aircraft was accidentally shot down by a 188th TFS (New Mexico Air National Guard) F-100A on April 7, 1961, with the loss of three lives. Hard to believe, but an AIM-9 Sidewinder is capable of downing even such a large aircraft. (John Paul Jones)

B-52H 60-0060 of the 5th BW at Biggs AAF during a "Bare Base" excersise in 1982.

Current estimates assume that the B-52H will possibly remain in service until 2040. 60-0059 was on display at the Dyess AFB open house in May, 2006. Maybe she will be there again for several decades.

The current overall gray scheme (FS595B 36118) is shown on B-52H 61-0031 (Destination Unknown) at the 2003 Davis-Monthan Open House.

With the retirement of the B-52G fleet it did not take too long before they too were being salvaged.

Tail Positions/Guns

Tail armament evolved throughout the production of the B-52. The system used for the three B-52As, seventeen of the B/RB-52Bs and all but the final B-52C was the A-3A Fire Control system that controlled four M3 .50 caliber machine guns. The other thirty three B/RB-52Bs used The MD-5 Fire Control System, with a pair of M-24A-1 20mm cannons. The last B-52C (54-2688) introduced the MD-9 FCS which reverted to four .50 cals. This latter system was used through the B-52F. With all tall tailed BUFFs the tail gunner was in the tail separated from the rest of the crew. This changed with the B-52G, when the gunner was moved forward with the rest of the flight crew. The G still carried the four MG armament, but used the AN/ASG-15 FCS. With the B-52H the "fifty cals" were replaced with a six barreled M61 "Vulcan" 20mm cannon controlled through the AN/ASG-21 FCS. By the 1990s the guns had been removed to make way for various ECM equipment.

The first photo in the above panel shows the A-3A FCS and tail gun position as carried by the B-52A, 17 of the B/RB-52Bs (serials 54-004/013, 53-392/398) and all but one B-52C.

The second and third photos show the MD-5 FCS and 20mm guns used on most RB/B-52B aircraft.

This set of panels shows the MD-9 FCS used on the last B-52C and all B-52D/E/F airframes.

    The tail shot of a B-52G illustrates the AN/ASG-15 FCS and quad .50 guns. The tail is noticeably different now that the gunner has been moved forward with the rest of the crew. During the 1970s Phase VI ECM upgrades added a 40 inch plug of the stabilizers.

    The profile of the tail changed even more with the AN/ASG-21 FCS and the M61 Vulcan.

    During 1991 the Vulcan was removed as was the gunner.

Engine nacelles

Early J-57 powered B-52s (A, B, C, D and E)

(YJ-57-P-3, J-57-P-1, -1W, -1WA, -1WB, -19-W, -29W and -29WA engines.)

The earlier J-57 powered B-52s featured a very smooth nacelle, with few protrusions or openings.

The photos in this panel show a B-52B circa 1959 and three photos of the B-52D on display at the Pima Air and Space Museum taken in 2007.

These five photos show the nacelle of an RB-52B (52-8711) taken at the Strategic Air & Space Museum in Ashton, NE. The first two photos show the opening for the air driven alternator in the center of the engine. (2007)

Later J-57 powered B-52s (F and G)

(J-57-P-43-W and -43-WB engines.)

The later J-57 powered variants had a bulge on the left side of each nacelle that housed a hard driven generator.

TF-33 Powered B-52Hs

(TF-33-P-3 and P-103)

The above photos are of Pima's B-52G 58-0183. (2007)

Landing gear

Main gear and wheel wells

These photos do not do justice to the complexity of the B-52 wheel wells, but they do give a hint. The above photos were taken of the B-52D on display at Pima and everything in the wells have a thorough coating of dust.

The above photos were taken inside the wells of a B-52H at Dyess AFB in May, 2006. Even though much cleaner, they still show years of use.

The main gear was similar on all B-52 types. The gear itself was usually either painted silver, or white.

Outriggers (or more correctly Tip Gear)

I had always referred to these as "outriggers", but was recently corrected by a BUFF crewman who stated that when he crewed B-52s they were called Tip Gear.

The Bomb bay

RB-52B 52-8711

These photos illustrate the 1960s vintage B-52 bomb bay. RB-52B 52-8711 is preserved at the Strategic Air & Space Museum in Ashland, Nebraska. The views are: forward, bay door looking forward and the view aft. (2007)

B-52H 60-0059

The whole purpose of the B-52 was to carry bombs and most were carried internally. This B-52H has been modified with a rotary launcher to field such weapons as ALCMs, JDAMs and JSOWs.

Flaps

This series of photos illustrates the flaps on a B-52H.

During 2005 Pima refurbished fiberglass radomes and other parts of various airplanes. Their B-52G received some nose work at that time.

External Fuel Tanks

B-52B and RB-52B aircraft

The initial drop tanks were rather small on the B-52B and RB-52Bs, carrying 1,000 gallons of fuel.

B-52C, B-52D, B-52E and B-52F aircraft

The B-52C, D, E and F versions had a larger tank, of 3,000 gallon capacity.

B-52G and B-52H aircraft

B-52G and H Stratoforts had a wet wing and therefore did not need as large of external tanks. The tanks on these versions are similar to the tanks on the earliest versions, but carrying only 700 gallons and being permanently attached.

Interior

These photos show the interior of the B-52 crew trainer on display at the Strategic Air & Space Museum in Ashland, Nebraska. While BUFFs would change over the years they do give a good idea of the B-52 cockpit layout.

These photos are also from the same simulator. The first shot shows the overhead panel mainly comprised of circuit breakers. The second picture shows the center console and throttles, with the instrument panel as a background. The main gear "crabbing" control is the prominent dial in the lower center. The last photo is of the aircraft commanders seat.

These photos are of the interior of B-52G 58-0232 on display at the Hangar 25 Museum in Big Spring, Texas. This aircraft was used as a trainer at Goodfellow AFB before going to the museum. The interior is well worn and many items are missing.

These views show some areas buried behind the cockpit. The first view is looking forward towards the cockpit. The second view is looking aft towards the EWo and Gunner position. The third view is of the Navigator and Radar Navigator position below the cockpit.

Noses and Tails

The nose of the B-52 remained very similar from the A model until the F. With the introduction of the B52G the nose changed slightly on it and the H. The difference became more noticeable with the addition of EVS and other systems.

The original tail design gave the BUFF and overall height of 48' 3". This was the tall Tail as used on the B-52A through B-52F. The tail on the B-52G and H was shortened by almost eight feet giving them a height of 40' 8"/

Ordnance

As the purpose of the B-52 was to put bombs upon enemies it would be remiss to not include the weapons carried by the BUFF. The Stratofortress has carried a wide variety of stores. This section will try to cover those weapons carried by the B-52.

When pylons were not fitted to the aircraft the area where they would be mounted was covered by fairings.

The under wing pylons were designed to carry conventional ordnance and that proved handy in Viet Nam. A couple of MERs were attached to each pylon allowing the carriage of twelve bombs per pylon. The original pylons were designed to carry Hound Dog missiles, but as those were in demand for SAC units standing alert a shorter pylon was developed. A Heavy Stores Adapter Beam (HSAB) was attached to the short pylons carry ordanence. Supposedly the pylons attached to Hound Dog missiles were assigned to individual airframes.

Nuclear Weapons


Mark 5	Mark 6	Mark 15	Mark 17

Mark 28IN	Mark 28RI	Mark 36	Mark 39

Mark 53	B-43	B-61	B-83

As illustrated by the above photos the B-52 was capable of carrying a wide range of nuclear weapons. In most cases the BUFF could carry several of any type. In the case of the Mk 17 however that was limited to one due to the shear size of the bomb. A more detailed guide to nuclear weapons can be found on a page devoted to free fall Nukes.

Conventional munitions


Mk 117 750 lbs bomb	Mk 81 250 lbs bomb	Mk 82 500 lbs bomb low drag	Mk 82 500lbs bomb Retarded ("Ballute")

Mk 82 500 lbs bomb ("Snake-eye")	Mk 84 2,000 lbs bomb	GBU-31 JDAM (2,000 lbs)	GBU-31 JDAM

GBU-32 JDAM (1,000 lbs)	GBU-38 JDAM (500 lbs)	AGM-154 JSOW	CBU-58

CBU-89	Mk 20 "Rockeye"

Stand off weapons

The AGM-28 Hound Dog was developed in the late 1950s to serve the role of an air launched cruise missile. It enjoyed a fairly successful life and was not removed from the inventory until 1978. The only B-52 models not modified to carry the Hound Dog were the B-52B and RB-52B aicraft, all other models would carry the missile in time. The Hound Dog carried a W-28 thermonuclear variable yield warhead of 500 kiloton to 4 megaton. The Hound Dog was powered by a Pratt & Whitney J-52 engine. One advantage of using a jet was that the missile could be fueled from the carrying B-52. A pair of Hound Dogs could also be used to provide additional power in high max gross takeoff conditions.

The AGM-69 SRAM (Short Range Attack Missile) was developed to provide bombers with an attack capability after the cancellation of the Skybolt program. The SRAM is able to deliver a W-69 warhead of 200 kt yield out 100 miles. The B-52, FB-111A, B-1B and B-2A are all capable of carrying the SRAM.

The AGM-69 ALCM (Air Launched Cruise Missile) and CALCM (Conventional Air Launched Cruise Missile) were another weapon designed for carry by bombers. The AGM-69B ALCM (left) and AGM-69C CALCM (right) illustrate the weapon with wings extended and wings folded. The AGM-69Cs are attached to a rotary launcher carried by B-1Bs. In the nuclear role the ALCM is fitted with a W-80 thermonuclear warhead of 200 kt yield. The CALCM carries a conventional warhead. The B-52H is able to carry twelve on each pylon and eight in the bomb bay on a rotary launcher for a total of twenty.

The AGM-129 Advanced Cruise Missile has a lower radar signature than the ALCM does. Like the AGM-69 it is powered by a turbo fan engine and can carry the W-80 warhead.

Originally developed for the Navy the AGM-84 Harpoon was later adapted for use by the B-52.

While not a weapon, the ADM-20 Quail was concevied to be carried in the bomb bay of the B-52. Its purpose was to provide a decoy image on Soviet radar allowing the B-52 to reach its objective. A B-52 could carry four Quails as well as a reduced bomb load. However, the ADM-20 became ineffective by the early 70's and was removed from service.

The B-52 was capable of carrying the D-21 drone, though it was not common. In fact it appears that very few missions were actually carried out (probably no more than five) under a program balled Senior Bowl.

BUFF Colors

Early B-52s left the factory in a natural metal finish. The lettiring on the forward fuselage was a small "UNITED STATES AIR FORCE" in Insignia Blue (FS 15044). Radomes were black and the SAC "Milky Way" band was not carried. With the B-52C the white "Anti-Flash" belly was introduced along with a larger "U.S. AIR FORCE" on the forward section. The SAC band was added and on most aircraft the lower nose radome was painted an off white. The B-52B and RB-52B received this scheme as they were cycled through depot maintenance, though on some RB-52Bs the SAC band was applied aft of the wing. All subsequent B-52s would receive the silver over white scheme at the factory, which would remain in effect until camouflage made an appearance in the 1960s. Some silver B-52s in later life appear to be sprayed silver rather than a natural metal finish.

This page out of T.O. 1-1-4 EXTERIOR FINISHES, INSIGNIA AND MARKINGS APPLICABLE TO USAF AIRCRAFT shows an Arctic B-52 scheme that while probably never carried on any BUFF does give reference to the placement of markings.

The first B-52s to gain camo were some B-52Es that served in South East Asia. They received a coat of black paint sprayed over the white bellies to make them less visible from below at night. During the mid 1960s two schemes were created. What is usually referred to as the SIOP scheme was used on all B-52s remaining in service while the B-52Ds were painted is a scheme that is often called SEA, though it differed in colors from the TAC SEA scheme and only differed from the SIOP scheme is using black on the underside instead of white and having a black vertical tail. The colors for the SIOP scheme were Tan (FS 34201), Dark Green (34079), SAC Green (34159) and White (17875). As mentioned the SEA only differed in using Black instead of White.

The SIOP scheme was used on B-52C/E/F/G/H aircraft.
The SEA scheme was only used on the B-52D.

By the 1980s only the B-52D/G/H aircraft were left in service. During the early 1980s SAC felt that the big white nose on SIOP BUFFs was just to conspicuous, so the nose area was painted in Gray (36081). This was an interim scheme until a new one was developed. The remainder of the B-52D fleet was retired in 1983 and no changes were made to the SEA scheme.

A new scheme came around for the B-52G/H fleets in the early 1980s and included a pattern for the lower surface as well as the top. The top pattern consited of Green (34086) and Euro One Gray (36081), the lower Euro One Gray (36081) and Gunship Gray (36118). This scheme was replaced by the current overall gray though some B-52Gs were retired in the early 1990s still in this pattern.

By the late 1980s a single color scheme was fielded. Initially overall Euro One Gray (36081) was used, but by 1992 the shade was changed to the slightly lighter Gunship Gray (36118). This is the current (2007) scheme, but as long as the Stratofortress is expected to stay in service it might not be the last. While not as appealing as the Silver/White scheme it is preferable to the 1980s scheme.

And the B-52's replacement is!

Ta-da!

Oops, that did not happen.

Okay, okay, this is it!

Oh no, not that either.

Wait, wait, here it is!

Well, maybe not after all.

Well. This will do the trick!

Guess that remains to be seen.

In reality none of the bombers above were really meant as a replacement for the BUFF. The B-70 program was envisioned to be the bomber of the future, but early in its developement it was realized that a high altitude bomber was no longer viable.

The B-1 was to supplant the B-52 until the Stealth Bomber came into being.

The FB-111 was spawned during Robert S. McNamara's reign of goofiness and though a good strike aircraft it was never meant as a serious B-52 replacement..

The B-2 has not been built in the numbers needed to replace the B-52, but it is a system that provides capability well beyond its numbers. Time alone will see the end to the B-52's service life.