ÿþ<html> <body BACKGROUND="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/japanese_paper_256x256.jpg"> <p> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="6">Yokai scrolls</FONT></CENTER> <BR> <BR> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4"> The Japanese word <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">"yokai"</FONT></A> (–Y*`) broadly means "supernatural or unaccountable phenomena , but is more typically used to describe various supernatural or magical creatures from Japanese folklore. </FONT> <BR> <BR> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4"> Below are a few picture scrolls, or <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emakimono"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">emaki</FONT></A>, featuring yokai. All were painted some time during roughly the 16th to 19th centuries. Click on the thumbnails to view full images. </FONT> <BR> <BR> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4"> A repeated theme in yokai emaki is the <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyakki_Yak%C5%8D"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Hyakki Yako</FONT></A> (~v<›YLˆ), or  Night Parade of One Hundred Demons. Common in these scrolls are <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukumogami"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Tsukumogami</FONT></A> (ØNªU^y). According to Japanese folklore, any item that has reached 100 years of age may come to life, and if they have been abandoned or mistreated, may seek revenge against humans. </FONT> <BR> <BR> <BR> <A HREF="http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/e-rekihaku/106/index.html"><Center><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Ooishi Hyoroku Monogatari</FONT><CENTER></A>, <BR> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Ooishi_Hyoroku_Monogatari_full.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/OoishiHyorokuMonogatari_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <A HREF="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ooishi_Hyoroku_Monogatari_small.jpg"><CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3">smaller</FONT><CENTER></A> <A HREF="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Ooishi_Hyoroku_Monogatari_full_right_half.jpg"><CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3">right half only</FONT><CENTER></A> <A HREF="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Ooishi_Hyoroku_Monogatari_full_left_half.jpg"><CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3">left half only</FONT><CENTER></A> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Bakemono Zukushi</FONT><CENTER> <BR> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Bakemono_Zukushi.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/BakemonoZukushi_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">"Hell Scroll"</FONT><CENTER> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">This emaki features various forms of sexual torture in Buddhist Hell, overwatched by it's ruler, <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enma"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Enma</FONT></A></FONT></CENTER> <BR><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Hellscroll.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/hellscroll_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Yoshimitsu Hyakki no Zu, right half</FONT><CENTER> <BR> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Yoshimitsu_Hyakki_No_Zu_right.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/Yoshimitsu_Hyakki_No_Zu_right_thumb.jpg"></A> <A HREF="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Yoshimitsu_Hyakki_No_Zu_right_768.jpg"><CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3">smaller</FONT><CENTER></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Yoshimitsu Hyakki no Zu, left half</FONT><CENTER> <BR> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Yoshimitsu_Hyakki_No_Zu_left.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/Yoshimitsu_Hyakki_No_Zu_left_thumb.jpg"></A> <A HREF="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Yoshimitsu_Hyakki_No_Zu_left_768.jpg"><CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3">smaller</FONT><CENTER></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Hyakki Yako, right half</FONT><CENTER> <BR> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Hyakki_Yako_1.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/HyakkiYako1_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Hyakki Yako, left half</FONT><CENTER> <BR> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Hyakki_Yako_2.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/HyakkiYako2_thumb.jpg?t=1220133588"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Hyakki Yako no Zu draft </FONT></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4"> This scroll contains another version of Hyakki Yako no Zu by Tosa Mitsuoki-- it appears to be a draft with annotations. </FONT> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">full scroll</FONT><CENTER> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Hyakki_Yako_no_Zu_by_Tosa_Mitsuoki-_all_1400.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/HyakkiYakonoZubyTosaMitsuoki-all140.jpg?t=1232305471"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">right half</FONT><CENTER> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Hyakki_Yako_no_Zu_by_Tosa_Mitsuoki-_right_half.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/HyakkiYakonoZubyTosaMitsuoki-righth.jpg?t=1232305585"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">left half</FONT><CENTER> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Hyakki_Yako_no_Zu_by_Tosa_Mitsuoki-_left_half.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/HyakkiYakonoZubyTosaMitsuoki-leftha.jpg?t=1232305526"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Tsuchigumo Zoshi</FONT></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">This scroll chronicles adventures of <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yorimitsu"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Minamoto no Yorimitsu</FONT></A>, ending in the slaying of the <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuchigumo"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Tsuchigumo</FONT></A></FONT>. <BR> <BR> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Tsuchigumo_zoshi_.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/Tsuchigumo_zoshi_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">"Yokai Marriage" </FONT></CENTER> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4"> This scroll depicts a yokai marriage, starting with the betrothal between the two families and ultimately leading to a new baby yokai. The scroll has been split into three segments.<BR> As with all the scrolls, they are to be viewed from right to left. </FONT> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4"> right section</FONT><CENTER> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Yokai_Marriage_1.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/YokaiMarriage1_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">middle section</FONT><CENTER> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Yokai_Marriage_2.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/YokaiMarriage2_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">left section</FONT><CENTER> <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Yokai_Marriage_3.jpg"> <img border="0" src="http://i313.photobucket.com/albums/ll394/darrengarrison/thumbnails/YokaiMarriage3_thumb.jpg"></A> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <CENTER><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="6">resources and references</FONT></CENTER> <BR> <BR> <A HREF="http://www.obakemono.com"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Obakemono.com</FONT></A> <BR> <BR> <A HREF="http://www.scribd.com/doc/3830228/Man-Made-Objects-as-Demons-in-Japanese-Scrolls"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Man Made Objects as Demons in Japanese Scrolls</FONT></A> <BR> <BR> <A HREF="http://www.scribd.com/doc/3830153/Japanese-Folk-Tales-by-Yanagita-Kunio-translated-by-Fanny-Hagin-Mayer"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Japanese Folk Tales by Yanagita Kunio</FONT></A> <BR> <BR> <A HREF="http://kikyo.nichibun.ac.jp/emakimono/"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">the source for many of my scrolls, plus more</FONT></A> <BR> <BR> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Also, several older Japanese folklore and mythology references are available on </FONT><A HREF="http://books.google.com/books"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">Google Books</FONT></A><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="4">. Try some key-word searches.</FONT> <BR> <BR> <BR>