The Caribbean sites that purport to be the first encountered by Columbus include: Guanihana (American Indian name for an Island in the Lucayas), San Salvador, formerly Watlings, Grand Turk, Caicos, Cat, Mayaguana, Crooked, Concepcion, Eleuthera, Egg, Plana Cay, Rum Cay, and Samana Cay. Most historians identify the island as Hispaniola. See K. Sale, The Conquest of Paradise; E.S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom.
The oldest, permanent European settlement in North America is typically identified as St. Augustine, FL (1565). Viking settlements centuries earlier are now being discovered. Forts and fishing outposts are rarely considered permanent.
Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River between 1534 and 1541.
Aboriginial populations declined between 50 and 90%, according to recent historians. See Alfred Crosby, The Columbian Exchange and other works.
In 1521 Hernan Cortez conquered the Aztecs.
Utopia, by Thomas More, was written in Latin in 1515 and published in 1516; the first English language edition was published in 1556. See Chambers' Biographical Dictionary.
Thomas Hariot wrote about and John White documented in watercolor the Colony of Roanoke.
Sir Walter Raleigh tried to establish a colony in Guiana in 1596.
Samuel de Champlain promoted the fur trade for the growth of New France.
In 1607 the Virginia Company funded the settlement of Jamestown.
The Dutch colonized Manhatten in 1624.
The Great Migration brought 21,000 English people to New England.
The Calvert family (Lord Baltimore) established Maryland as a Catholic colony, although it did not long remain so exclusively; the Carterets (first George and later John, Earl Granville) purchased then sold interests in the Carolinas; the Carterets also possessed New Jersey, which became divided into East and West, the site of many religious sects, particularly Puritans and Quakers. See Sydney Ahlstrom, A Religious History of the American People.
The Massachusett, Wampanoag, Abneki, and Quinnipiac Indians all spoke an Algonquian language.
The Five Iroquois Nations were the Mohawks, the Seneca, the Cayuga, the Oneida and the Onandaga.
Opechancanough succeeded Powhatan and waged two wars upon the English colonists in 1622 and 1644.
Providence Island was
Barbados was England's most profitable island.
Samost spoke to the Pilgrims in broken English, or Pidgin. See William Bradford, Of Plimouth Plantation, or James Axtell, Natives and Newcomers.
The trans-Atlantic slave trade involved the transportation of between 11 and 14 million Africans until it ended in 1870, according to the authors of the Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, David Eltis, et al. These figures have been challenged, to as high as 18 to 20 million.
The Correct Statements for the False Statements.
New England Puritans believed salvation depended upon a Covenant of Grace.
During Bacon's Rebellion, indentured servants and even black slaves joined with Bacon against the Indians and eventually against the Virginia governor, Berkeley.
The Dominion of New England came to include MA, CT, Plymouth, RI, NY, and New Jersey and Nova Scotia, at least in its plan. See Viola Barnes, The Dominion of New England.
Enslaved Africans were never a majority of the Virginia colony's population, although in South Carolina they did become a majority in the eighteenth century. See Peter Wood, Black Majority.
Yale College was founded as a conservative alternative to Harvard, which had become, in their eyes, too Arminian.
Charles II gave William Penn a proprietorship to Pennsylvania in part because of debt owed to Penn's family and in part because the Penns, who were friends of the King, needed a safe haven as Quakers.
The first newspaper published in English was Boston's Publick Occurrences in 1691.
The American Enlightenment was an intellectual movement inspired by French philosophers and Whigs. The Great Awakening was a religious revival or series of revivals inspired by evanglicals like George Whitefield and Joanthan Edwards.
The Albany Congress was Ben Franklin's idea to unite six colonies that bordered the Iroquois confederacy.
The sex ration among whites in the Chesapeake was 3 to 2 at the end of the seventeenth century.
Colonial women did not embrace the cult of domesticity, which was a 19th century ideal.
