(Chapter 16)
First,
a question: How do Gases Behave?
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Before |
After |
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B |
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C |
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D |
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Now, some
notes:
● Kinetic theory—explains how particles in matter behave
1.
All matter is
made up of small
particles
2.
Particles are always moving around
(constant, random motion)
3.
Particles collide with each other and the walls of their containers
Remember from
chapter 6:
● Thermal energy—total energy of a material’s particles; causes
particles to vibrate
in place
● Average kinetic energy—temperature of the substance, how fast particles
are moving; lower temperature means slower particle motion
● States
of Matter: Solid, liquid, gas,
and plasma
·
more on these later!
● Melting
point—the temperature where a
solid begins to liquefy
o
Heat of
Fusion: amount of energy needed to
change a solid to a liquid
●Boiling
point—the temperature where a
liquid becomes a gas
o
Heat of Vaporization: energy needed to change a liquid to a gas
